# Cu–Ti system

> Cu–Ti system: 107 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 69, formation 35, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 3) and 6 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TI.md

107 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 66, model 41); 6 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-TI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-TI) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-02Can.json) · [phases (11)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-TI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-TI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 66 |
| model | 41 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 69 |
| formation | 35 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 3 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | P. Canale, C. Servant, Z. Metallkd., 93, 273-76(2002). [doi:10.3139/ijmr-2002-0050](https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2002-0050) | `7a0d7d4eccef16ec9dd35c65cfb26fe9bd8ca757b1eadfa98382321fae906fdd` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-02Can.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTi-02Can.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTi-02Can.json) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | M.A. Turchanin, P.G. Agraval, A.R. Abdulov, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 47, 344-60(2008). [doi:10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2) | `1a8c1bd85f7576fde331122ccc6ec8ae995ee911fc9b3a21e8b27af0a96205d7` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-08Tur.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTi-08Tur.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTi-08Tur.json) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | J. Wang, C. Liu, C. Leinenbach, U.E. Klotz, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Loeffler, Calphad, 35, 82-94(2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) | `45e2d0adcc79305cac4cdc7e79548b235219254a554e2780a50fbbc31f0d02d5` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-11Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTi-11Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTi-11Wan.json) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | H. Yang, B. Zeng, H. Wang, H. Jin, C. Zhou, Calphad, 82, 102594(2023). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102594](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102594) | `02e937d6842105d3b8dec25c3e8b3d0fed3e8a5e70134fd8e1d888bb71365e2d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-23Yan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTi-23Yan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTi-23Yan.json) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | N. Saunders, Calphad, 9, 297-309(1985). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(85)90001-X](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2885%2990001-X) | `6adc4ae0f5e602668976f1e3877872569fa0c79a29bea6dbcc68f7ba43fbec9d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-85Sau.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTi-85Sau.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTi-85Sau.json) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | K.C. Hari Kumar, I. Ansara, P. Wollants, L. Delaey, Z. Metallkd., 87, 666-72(1996). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870811](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870811) | `d723e9e282278e3e85fb10dd53aebc71236d6fbb814b0a9960f6eec11ad73dd2` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TI/CuTi-96Har-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTi-96Har-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1262.18 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64817) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84061) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1262.18 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64824) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84065) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1241.44 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51656) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.5643) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1241.44 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51658) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56444) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1205.62 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.35974) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48477) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1176.15 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + CUTI3_L60 (x(Ti) 0.7733) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.90639) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1176.15 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + CUTI3_L60 (x(Ti) 0.77329) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.90621) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1168.91 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07865) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19154) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20759) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1160.32 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27191) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1157.84 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21393) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.26491) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1147.56 | CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1141.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21266) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1141.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21265) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-02Can.tdb | 1078.46 | CUTI3_L60 (x(Ti) 0.77786) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95504) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98677) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1231.93 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.50744) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56589) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1231.39 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.75396) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.87448) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1187.52 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.34299) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48671) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1170.61 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.06998) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19198) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.22385) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1157.91 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.28714) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1155.88 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21481) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27951) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1155.88 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21479) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27948) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1149.81 | CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1138.25 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21441) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1138.25 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21439) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1138.25 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21438) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1064.66 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.9524) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.9835) |
| CuTi-08Tur.tdb | 1064.66 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95249) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98354) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1262.88 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.6484) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84075) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1262.88 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64847) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.8408) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1240.45 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51733) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56859) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1240.45 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51733) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56859) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1205.62 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.35974) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48477) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1168.91 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07865) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19154) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20759) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1160.32 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27191) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1157.84 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21393) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.26491) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1147.56 | CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1141.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21266) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1141.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21265) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1061.14 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94391) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98372) |
| CuTi-11Wan.tdb | 1061.14 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94393) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98373) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1259.17 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.72722) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.87044) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1259.17 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.72723) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.87044) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1240.54 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51328) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.57634) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1240.54 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51335) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.57672) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1207.57 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.36672) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48265) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1177.56 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07603) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21397) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.23371) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1171.98 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.29913) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1167.28 | CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1167.03 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.22567) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.28234) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1149.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.22545) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1149.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.22543) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1062.53 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94383) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98237) |
| CuTi-23Yan.tdb | 1062.53 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94388) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98239) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1163.84 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.68158) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.92729) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1163.84 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.68164) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.9273) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1145.19 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.59189) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1145.19 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.59197) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1141.5 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.40224) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1141.5 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.40274) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1121.55 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.03568) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.2236) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1121.55 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.03565) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.2234) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1089.69 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3029) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1089.69 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3027) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1089.69 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3029) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1089.69 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3024) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1075.6 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95184) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98529) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 1075.6 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95196) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98533) |
| CuTi-85Sau.tdb | 544.6 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1262.18 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64817) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84061) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1262.18 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64824) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84065) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1241.44 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51656) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.5643) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1241.44 | CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51658) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56444) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1205.62 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.35974) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48477) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1168.91 | FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07865) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19154) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20759) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1160.32 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27191) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1157.84 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21393) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.26491) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1147.56 | CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1141.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21266) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1141.56 | CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21265) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1071.54 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95061) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98554) |
| CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb | 1071.54 | CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95064) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98555) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-TI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-TI.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuTi-02Can](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-TI--CuTi-02Can.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuTi-08Tur](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-TI--CuTi-08Tur.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuTi-11Wan](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-TI--CuTi-11Wan.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuTi-85Sau](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-TI--CuTi-85Sau.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuTi-96Har-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-TI--CuTi-96Har-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Ti system (69)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1288 | congruent melting: L \<=> CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-LKZ5GVT4NO` |  |
| 1288 | congruent melting: L \<=> CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-ZBETWGM42E` |  |
| 1285 | congruent melting: L \<=> CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Yamane 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00278149) | Table 2, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-4SKZRCBPIG` |  |
| 1283 | congruent melting: L \<=> CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-2CREMRATLT` |  |
| 1282 | congruent melting: L \<=> CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-NH3TDWXQMI` |  |
| 1282 | L \<=> CuTi2 + (βTi) | L: Ti 0.69; CuTi2: Ti 0.667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-WEOZKS7FXX` |  |
| 1278 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Trzebiatowski 1953_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-Z6ZMVFZXRP` |  |
| 1276 | L \<=> CuTi2 + (βTi) | L: Ti 0.69 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-USRRBCUP45` |  |
| 1275 | L \<=> CuTi2 + (βTi) | CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (βTi): Ti 0.84 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Oliker 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01389606) | Table 2, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-QJSUYEUZDN` |  |
| 1273 | L \<=> CuTi2 + (βTi) | L: Ti 0.69; CuTi2: Ti 0.667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-7KY2LKRUNV` |  |
| 1257 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-655PDHMN3G` |  |
| 1257 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-X4YDIUBEM3` |  |
| 1255 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-7VZBIWTK23` |  |
| 1253 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Alisova 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-KQACSAODRL` |  |
| 1251 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.505; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-4YRUWKRTBE` |  |
| 1248 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.507; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-Y6V6R4DC6L` |  |
| 1245 | congruent melting: L -> CuTi | L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Raub 1952_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-5MKYGSWWQP` |  |
| 1242 | L \<=> CuTi + CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.564; CuTi: Ti 0.517; CuTi2: Ti 0.667 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-ANMIHCAFDT` |  |
| 1234 | L \<=> CuTi + CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.569; CuTi: Ti 0.513; CuTi2: Ti 0.667 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-H5E42P6D46` |  |
| 1233 | eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.43 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 6, row 25; `ORC-46MGT7SF2R` |  |
| 1233 | eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.57; CuTi: Ti 0.5; CuTi2: Ti 0.667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-6Z6BKGLS7R` |  |
| 1233 | eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.57 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 6, row 24; `ORC-V3QOGJZH5K` |  |
| 1231 | L \<=> CuTi2 + (βTi) | L: Ti 0.754; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (βTi): Ti 0.875 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-WWPRSOWHEX` |  |
| 1227 | eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2 | L: Ti 0.57; CuTi: Ti 0.5; CuTi2: Ti 0.667 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Raub 1952_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-CNIUIHU76H` |  |
| 1208 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 | CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Alisova 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-NSC26NQZ52` |  |
| 1208 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 | CuTi: Ti 0.5; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-UFLESJTJC7` |  |
| 1206 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 | L: Ti 0.36; CuTi: Ti 0.485; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-YMANYECE3A` |  |
| 1202 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-TPDG5GJXP4` |  |
| 1191 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 | Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-W3HWC2ILIS` |  |
| 1189 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 | L: Ti 0.347; CuTi: Ti 0.49; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-3FLSQVEMB2` |  |
| 1189 | L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3 | CuTi: Ti 0.5; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Raub 1952_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-3HHBFM2PX7` |  |
| 1169 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti | L: Ti 0.225; (Cu): Ti 0.07; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.194 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-2DAPOKSL2P` |  |
| 1169 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti | L: Ti 0.208; (Cu): Ti 0.079; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.192 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-SCSVPFZ2YB` |  |
| 1165 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-R5ZA3OAZ3X` |  |
| 1165 | L + Cu4Ti3 \<=> Cu2Ti | Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.4; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-RWIIQTNFJK` |  |
| 1163 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti | L: Ti 0.33; (Cu): Ti 0.063 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Trzebiatowski 1953_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-KSKMCZOEGI` |  |
| 1160 | L + Cu4Ti3 \<=> Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.272; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-VW5N3ET5KU` |  |
| 1158 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti | (Cu): Ti 0.056; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.25 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Raub 1952_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-4IYFVLYUHY` |  |
| 1158 | L + Cu4Ti3 \<=> Cu2Ti | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-JC4YEWZFME` |  |
| 1158 | L + Cu4Ti3 \<=> Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.287; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-KTWERUBKED` |  |
| 1158 | Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Cu 0.571429, Ti 0.428571; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-QYSARIJ646` |  |
| 1158 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.265; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.214; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-ZNLLPU3Q77` |  |
| 1156 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.279; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.217; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-UIM6YHXTFW` |  |
| 1153 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.29; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.25; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-RT6JDDH6BX` |  |
| 1151 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.27; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-AYWBCISHMU` |  |
| 1151 | L + Cu4Ti3 \<=> Cu2Ti | Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-ZZNZO2DNJX` |  |
| 1150 | Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-CIKYWOL7E3` |  |
| 1148 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | Cu4Ti: Cu 0.8, Ti 0.2; Cu2Ti: Cu 0.666667, Ti 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Trzebiatowski 1953_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-LR4AOIZVQD` |  |
| 1148 | Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-WGTPEW4W45` |  |
| 1146 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.34; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Raub 1952_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-EVAQPM5FIV` |  |
| 1145 | Cu2Ti \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti: Cu 0.8, Ti 0.2; Cu3Ti2: Cu 0.6, Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Vigdorovich 1958_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-LK5YMMWBRA` |  |
| 1143 | Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1966_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00775543) | Table 2, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-GTGDPEEXHR` |  |
| 1143 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-SUQCFMYF3P` |  |
| 1142 | Cu2Ti \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.213; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-REJDSCH7UP` |  |
| 1138 | Cu2Ti \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.217; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-363H576WMN` |  |
| 1138 | Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-GEOQ7Z5PPH` |  |
| 1138 | Cu2Ti \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-TNUYXCBUSE` |  |
| 1133 | Cu2Ti \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1966_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00775543) | Table 2, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-KHXYMOWRWH` |  |
| 1133 | L \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti | L: Ti 0.27; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-QKHFILK4QI` |  |
| 1123 | Cu2Ti \<=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2 | Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-XFWKGY4FLL` |  |
| 1123 | L + (Cu) \<=> Cu4Ti |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1988_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-ZZFEJGFODQ` |  |
| 1073 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Ecob 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210520121) | Table 2, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-3MYJMUGQP3` |  |
| 1073 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Eremenko 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00796511) | Table 2, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-5S5Q6XVZSE` |  |
| 1073 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) | (βTi): Ti 0.944; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667; (αTi): Ti 0.984 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Oliker 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01389606) | Table 2, p. 7, row 18; `ORC-DW3DAGL2O2` |  |
| 1072 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) | (βTi): Ti 0.951; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.986 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Turchanin 1995_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 19; `ORC-UXSUWOCF2Q` |  |
| 1071 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) | (βTi): Ti 0.945; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.984 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Raub 1952_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-XOSP7O5AOP` |  |
| 1065 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) | (βTi): Ti 0.953; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.984 | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 2, p. 7, row 20; `ORC-X7W2I2UCKZ` |  |
| 1053 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) | CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.986 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Nagata 1981_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 17; `ORC-5426HL5SKO` |  |
| 1049 | (βTi) \<=> CuTi2 + (αTi) | (βTi): Ti 0.93; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.9875 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Joukainen 1952_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-OXAZZKVHXL` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Cu–Ti system (12)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Cu2Ti |  | -9.871 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 11; `ORC-LHN5SH3S3B` |  |
| Cu3Ti2 |  | -13.927 kJ/mol (basis unstated) |  | model |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 13; `ORC-WKQX6QJBMJ.fa3c92` |  |
| Cu3Ti2 |  | -9.35 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.3 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kaufman 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2878%2990031-7) | Table 3, p. 8, row 12; `ORC-ADYPH65COU` |  |
| Cu4Ti |  | -7.346 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 6; `ORC-KYTFMQT52M.101726` |  |
| Cu4Ti |  | -5.53 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.07 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kaufman 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2878%2990031-7) | Table 3, p. 8, row 1; `ORC-IC47SCQHME` |  |
| Cu4Ti3 |  | -14.921 kJ/mol (basis unstated) |  | model |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 15; `ORC-KDHOLTOPHY.817f89` |  |
| Cu4Ti3 |  | -9.65 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.88 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kaufman 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2878%2990031-7) | Table 3, p. 8, row 14; `ORC-CCNOFAUMDV` |  |
| CuTi |  | -17.534 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 22; `ORC-7MEPJ2GNFJ.0698d4` |  |
| CuTi |  | -11.12 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.72 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kaufman 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2878%2990031-7) | Table 3, p. 8, row 16; `ORC-UHI37KOOZK` |  |
| CuTi |  | -9.61 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.37 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Colinet 1997_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2896%2902590-x) | Table 3, p. 8, row 17; `ORC-TKLBJ6R4ZS` |  |
| CuTi2 |  | -24.22 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 29; `ORC-TJRHMFLGA4.a3f29f` |  |
| CuTi2 |  | -8.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.62 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kaufman 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2878%2990031-7) | Table 3, p. 8, row 27; `ORC-B4TMQOJZHZ` |  |

## Other properties

### Formation (23)

Table: Formation, Cu–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -2.08 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | Cu3Ti2; _alloy: Ti 0.4_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 13; `ORC-WKQX6QJBMJ.b58426` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -2.32 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | Cu4Ti3; _alloy: Ti 0.428571_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 15; `ORC-KDHOLTOPHY.0a6527` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -1.85 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 6; `ORC-KYTFMQT52M.29ebbf` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -3.37 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 22; `ORC-7MEPJ2GNFJ.ef4318` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -8.5 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | CuTi2; _alloy: Ti 0.666667_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 29; `ORC-TJRHMFLGA4.3b23df` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.864 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 673 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 7; `ORC-FXPILCKKYF` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -4.627 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 673 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 2; `ORC-QQX7J5E322` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.815 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 673 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 18; `ORC-E7SRCKVXSX` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -16.384 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 673 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 23; `ORC-IRJ3CDNHCU` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.793 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 723 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 8; `ORC-23YGIDKDHP` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -4.694 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 723 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 3; `ORC-ZEUXUABMNR` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.875 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 723 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 19; `ORC-TSWWJ4VDL5` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -16.077 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 723 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 24; `ORC-YZE54VST4O` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -4.789 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 4; `ORC-H6CL4TBHU6` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.731 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 9; `ORC-OHVHLBIE7Q` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -15.776 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 25; `ORC-CSWR4DJE2G` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.715 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 20; `ORC-GMFMM4NTMB` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -8.75 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | CuTi2; _alloy: Ti 0.666667_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 28; `ORC-4XLP3NQIY6` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -18.778 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | CuTi2; _alloy: Ti 0.666667_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 30; `ORC-MFCIYD77CV` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.676 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 823 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 10; `ORC-Q26BTBSYKM` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -4.501 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 823 | Cu4Ti; _alloy: Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 5; `ORC-R74YEZ5TGI` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.835 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 823 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Kleppa 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667755) | Table 3, p. 8, row 21; `ORC-DJNIQU22IQ` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -15.481 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 823 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 26; `ORC-FW6BAAOS7H` |  |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (3)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Cu–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: ΔmS_ | 12.7 J/(mole · K) | 1248 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Colinet 1997_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2896%2902590-x) | Table 3, p. 8, row 31; `ORC-HX24QSAJQL` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔmS_ | 15 J/(mole · K) | 1250 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2008; _cites Alisova 1994_ | Table 3, p. 8, row 32; `ORC-LYMJHVCIQ7` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔmS_ | 12.64 J/(mole · K) | 1251 | CuTi; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [1] Turchanin 2008 | Table 3, p. 8, row 33; `ORC-SGINKP4Z7Z` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. M. A. Turchanin, P. G. Agraval, A. R. Abdulov, Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. I. Cu-Ti system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 47, 344-360 (2008). [doi:10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).