# Cu–Tl system

> Cu–Tl system: 103 accepted literature values (activity / EMF / Gibbs energy 48, phase equilibrium 30, mixing / partial 25) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TL.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TL.md

103 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 94, model 9); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 3 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-TL.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TL.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-TL) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TL/CuTl-04Che-LB.json) · [phases (4)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-TL.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-TL.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-TL.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 94 |
| model | 9 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| phase equilibrium | 30 |
| mixing / partial | 25 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 48 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | P.-Y. Chevalier, unpublished, 2004. | `83fa28481f84d4bfbb2853844901863cbcdf10fd43d71aa01e4a00a71c74467d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TL/CuTl-04Che-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTl-04Che-LB.json) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | P.-Y. Chevalier, Thermochim. Acta, 156, 383-92(1989). [doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87205-3](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2889%2987205-3) | `d1f4279261a86a0f397d0dcd2bf5cc8354499299b5255fbd4e0c15b17ab37e3c` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-TL/CuTl-89Che.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuTl-89Che.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuTl-89Che.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 1240.3 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0.00261) + LIQUID#2 (x(Tl) 0.1539) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.83101) |
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 576.71 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.99956) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 0.99999) |
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 576.71 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.99956) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 0.99999) |
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 576.71 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.99956) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 0.99999) |
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 507 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0) + HCP_A3 (x(Tl) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 1) |
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 507 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 1) + HCP_A3 (x(Tl) 1) |
| CuTl-04Che-LB.tdb | 507 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 1) + HCP_A3 (x(Tl) 1) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | 1243.21 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0.00264) + LIQUID#2 (x(Tl) 0.14916) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.82922) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | 576.5 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.99924) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 0.99999) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | 576.5 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Tl) 0.99924) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 0.99999) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | 507 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0) + HCP_A3 (x(Tl) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 1) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | 507 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 1) + HCP_A3 (x(Tl) 1) |
| CuTl-89Che.tdb | 507 | FCC_A1 (x(Tl) 0) + BCC_A2 (x(Tl) 1) + HCP_A3 (x(Tl) 1) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-TL.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-TL.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuTl-89Che](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-TL--CuTl-89Che.json)

## Other properties

### Phase equilibrium (30)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Cu–Tl system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase composition |  | 577 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.001, Tl 0.999; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99995, Tl 5.000e-5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-KSBNBALKFW` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 673 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.003, Tl 0.997; f.c.c.: Cu 0.9999, Tl 1.000e-4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-636K6UTAAI` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 773 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.008, Tl 0.992; f.c.c.: Cu 0.9998, Tl 2.000e-4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-VWYKONYSRZ` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 873 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.013, Tl 0.987; f.c.c.: Cu 0.9997, Tl 3.000e-4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-PO432DN2CC` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 973 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.028, Tl 0.972; f.c.c.: Cu 0.9995, Tl 5.000e-4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-GYOCRU5BZ4` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1073 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.048, Tl 0.952; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99905, Tl 9.500e-4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 14; `ORC-7GM5YOPVQX` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1173 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9; f.c.c.: Cu 0.9979, Tl 0.0021_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 15; `ORC-XYRWBO4XAX` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1235 | L1 + f.c.c.; _L1: Cu 0.86, Tl 0.14; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99744, Tl 0.00256_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Doerinckel 1906_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-UUVZFVOWJU` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1241 | L1 + f.c.c.; _L1: Cu 0.878, Tl 0.122; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99741, Tl 0.00259_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Doerinckel 1906_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-ZVA3LBX6ZN` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1241 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.17, Tl 0.83; L1: Cu 0.855, Tl 0.145_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Johnen 1955_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-SUWHLMUVHH` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1241 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.1703, Tl 0.8297; L1: Cu 0.855, Tl 0.145_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 17; `ORC-VQWTUHLLRP` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1241 | L2 + f.c.c.; _L2: Cu 0.17, Tl 0.83; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99741, Tl 0.00259_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hansen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 16; `ORC-X7BBWXZVOI` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1253 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.188, Tl 0.812; L1: Cu 0.852, Tl 0.148_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Johnen 1955_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-56MDPPA6PE` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1273 | L1 + f.c.c.; _L1: Cu 0.928, Tl 0.072; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99725, Tl 0.00275_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Doerinckel 1906_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-CXDNRSL2SD` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1308 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8; L1: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 18; `ORC-6TEAE3QLVZ` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1313 | L1 + f.c.c.; _L1: Cu 0.965, Tl 0.035; f.c.c.: Cu 0.99829, Tl 0.00171_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Doerinckel 1906_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-OY6O4JRE63` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1313 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.207, Tl 0.793; L1: Cu 0.787, Tl 0.213_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 19; `ORC-4O7UMLN3X5` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1343 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.235, Tl 0.765; L1: Cu 0.74, Tl 0.26_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 20; `ORC-HOIBV5UZOV` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1353 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.262, Tl 0.738; L1: Cu 0.832, Tl 0.168_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Johnen 1955_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-WG77DEHVJU` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1373 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.244, Tl 0.756; L1: Cu 0.737, Tl 0.263_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 21; `ORC-BDNXAYAW3N` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1373 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.255, Tl 0.745; L1: Cu 0.83, Tl 0.17_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Johnen 1955_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-ZJMLU4MZDK` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1418 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.317, Tl 0.683; L1: Cu 0.69, Tl 0.31_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 22; `ORC-BE4YWYE4LQ` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1423 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.314, Tl 0.686; L1: Cu 0.69, Tl 0.31_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 23; `ORC-2EWEXCCCK5` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1458 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.348, Tl 0.652; L1: Cu 0.655, Tl 0.345_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 24; `ORC-BA2VCJDEIE` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1483 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.389, Tl 0.611; L1: Cu 0.627, Tl 0.373_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 25; `ORC-M2E7OROGEU` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1491 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.4, Tl 0.6; L1: Cu 0.611, Tl 0.389_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 26; `ORC-YXDCE42RH3` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1498 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.409, Tl 0.591; L1: Cu 0.596, Tl 0.404_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 27; `ORC-YGIS22FQL6` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1513 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.451, Tl 0.549; L1: Cu 0.556, Tl 0.444_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 28; `ORC-YN2HYSVHRO` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1523 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5; L1: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 29; `ORC-3NJDRZF3SU` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1523.15 | L2 + L1; _L2: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5; L1: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 1, p. 2, row 30; `ORC-7P4NLGRLZ6` |  |

### Mixing / partial (25)

Table: Mixing / partial, Cu–Tl system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 8.368 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-2FKLSLRFJ7` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 7.975 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.597, Tl 0.403_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-46L5FTFJJS` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 6.619 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-4XSVTNQJPI` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 4.552 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-546TZCOCIO` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 5.569 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.703, Tl 0.297_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-6ZLTC7ZHLU` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 8.632 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-B6A2QOWUQT` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 4.837 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.25, Tl 0.75_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-BTL6XMLRR5` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 8.368 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.547, Tl 0.453_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-CV5ELZTCF4` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 6.276 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-ENVR5L6VTC` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 7.063 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.695, Tl 0.305_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-H25PYIUB3Q` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 5.1 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.797, Tl 0.203_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-JFCFL6RWBN` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 2.272 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-LBUH2S63FJ` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 6.014 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-M5376QIALC` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 2.615 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.903, Tl 0.097_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-NO2SXWODOC` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 8.176 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Tl 0.4_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-O4J7RCUJUC` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 3.269 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-ODG7UJZ6SI` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 5.079 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-ON435N4XCM` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 6.95 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Tl 0.3_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-PDAFSQNOTG` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 8.577 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-QGS34G2FZL` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 4.446 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-QHZNZST3SE` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 2.707 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Tl 0.1_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-QIRYLYR34Z` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 2.092 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-RS574CMU2Q` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 7.976 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.398, Tl 0.602_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-UZRV3TDC7Z` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 1.439 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.922, Tl 0.078_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Predel 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416%2869%2990038-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-VSMIY3MIND` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: δH_ | 8.075 kJ/mol-atom |  | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Tl 0.6_ | model | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-YMCYWBJ366` |  |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (48)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Cu–Tl system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.81 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Tl 0.6_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-E5ZJYXRIYZ.89cb1f` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.86 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Tl 0.3_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-HUZOQZP35I.3492f0` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.879 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-ILMCJPVOPV.4ee1b4` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.561 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-KCBJNMJPT2.2cbac6` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.855 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Tl 0.4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-L7TUNTS4KT.7e6217` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.922 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Tl 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-PZXIZHHAIP.347b73` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.847 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UIE5XKBFQ6.412bc7` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.316 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-UOZTPI3A4H.ab6135` |  |
| Activity Cu; _printed: aCu_ | 0.723 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-X5KUH5UEST.38eb99` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.917 1 | 1273 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-G4F6PNKUE3` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.889 1 | 1273 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.874, Tl 0.126_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-GFNPLFT6SU` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.93 1 | 1273 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-T2K2OOYM4Q` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.903 1 | 1373 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-CNSUNQD3TB` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.847 1 | 1373 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-IRLQBCYCJD` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.778 1 | 1373 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.874, Tl 0.126_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-OUKZHFWRTW` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.875 1 | 1373 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-QCB4LZPHXB` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.528 1 | 1373 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.944, Tl 0.056_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-XKPON5ZN3O` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.936 1 | 1473 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-3A5LTSJNVQ` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.888 1 | 1473 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-QLCXJRTFVJ` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.625 1 | 1473 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.874, Tl 0.126_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UZDDXPXXL2` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: a_Tl_ | 0.411 1 | 1473 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.944, Tl 0.056_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Yazawa 1948_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-X3REM7VHEZ` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.713 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Tl 0.6_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-E5ZJYXRIYZ.58eb59` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.672 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Tl 0.3_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-HUZOQZP35I.c403f8` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.628 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-ILMCJPVOPV.364757` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.821 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-KCBJNMJPT2.287e4b` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.68 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Tl 0.4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-L7TUNTS4KT.9f542d` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.468 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Tl 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-PZXIZHHAIP.06e42d` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.688 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UIE5XKBFQ6.977cf7` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.904 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-UOZTPI3A4H.4688f4` |  |
| Activity Tl; _printed: αTl_ | 0.757 1 | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-X5KUH5UEST.91e290` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -4427 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Tl 0.6_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-E5ZJYXRIYZ.cba02c` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -2761 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Tl 0.6_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-E5ZJYXRIYZ.da3ec6` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -1971 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Tl 0.3_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-HUZOQZP35I.a0908f` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -5188 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Tl 0.3_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-HUZOQZP35I.b0690d` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -1695 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-ILMCJPVOPV.24f2d5` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -6079 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Tl 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-ILMCJPVOPV.d9e99a` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -7552 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-KCBJNMJPT2.bb57f6` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -2577 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Tl 0.8_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-KCBJNMJPT2.e25584` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -2046 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Tl 0.4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-L7TUNTS4KT.43311f` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -5042 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Tl 0.4_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-L7TUNTS4KT.cbfd09` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -1067 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Tl 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-PZXIZHHAIP.1c8f87` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -9916 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Tl 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-PZXIZHHAIP.7e1ff2` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -4891 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UIE5XKBFQ6.ac642f` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -2176 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Tl 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UIE5XKBFQ6.e140f8` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -15054 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-UOZTPI3A4H.061123` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -1322 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Tl 0.9_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-UOZTPI3A4H.d00cea` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGCu_ | -4247 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-X5KUH5UEST.126c58` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: δGTl_ | -3648 unknown | 1573 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Tl 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1989; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-X5KUH5UEST.a760e3` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. P.-Y. Chevalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Cu-TI system, Thermochimica Acta 156, 383-392 (1989). [doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87205-3](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2889%2987205-3)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).