# Fe–Th system

> Fe–Th system: 57 accepted literature values (formation 33, invariant reaction 24) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/FE-TH.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/FE-TH.md

57 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 27, model 30); 1 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/FE-TH.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/FE-TH.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#FE-TH) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#FE-TH/FeTh-08Wan.json) · [phases (10)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/FE-TH.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/FE-TH.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/FE-TH.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 27 |
| model | 30 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 24 |
| formation | 33 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | C.P. Wang, P. Yu, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, J. Alloys Compd., 457, 150-56(2008). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.003) | `ef83b175033c76d1ea9d36a93f37f95cf7f68cc4b0181470e90b72b25dbb244b` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#FE-TH/FeTh-08Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/FeTh-08Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/FeTh-08Wan.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1685.38 | BCC_A2 (x(Th) 4.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.0486) + FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1685.38 | BCC_A2 (x(Th) 4.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.0485) + FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1667.5 | BCC_A2 (x(Th) 3.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Th) 4.000e-5) + FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1642.51 | FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) + FE5TH_D2D (x(Th) 0.16667) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.20505) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1642.51 | FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) + FE5TH_D2D (x(Th) 0.16667) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.20478) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1633.24 | LIQUID (x(Th) 0.83693) + FCC_A1 (x(Th) 0.99915) + BCC_A2 (x(Th) 0.99916) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1633.24 | LIQUID (x(Th) 0.83694) + FCC_A1 (x(Th) 0.99915) + BCC_A2 (x(Th) 0.99916) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1495.62 | FE5TH_D2D (x(Th) 0.16667) + FE7TH2_BETA (x(Th) 0.22222) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.32914) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1495.61 | FE5TH_D2D (x(Th) 0.16667) + FE7TH2_BETA (x(Th) 0.22222) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.32889) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1455.45 | FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE7TH2_BETA (x(Th) 0.22222) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.35345) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1455.45 | FE5TH_D2D (x(Th) 0.16667) + FE7TH2_BETA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1455.45 | FE7TH2_BETA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.35365) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1374.59 | FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.4129) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1374.59 | FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.41268) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1374.59 | FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.41299) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1212.83 | LIQUID (x(Th) 0.69843) + FE3TH7_D102 (x(Th) 0.7) + FCC_A1 (x(Th) 0.99951) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1212.83 | LIQUID (x(Th) 0.69839) + FE3TH7_D102 (x(Th) 0.7) + FCC_A1 (x(Th) 0.99952) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1184.81 | FCC_A1 (x(Th) 0) + BCC_A2 (x(Th) 0) + FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1128.23 | FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.56228) + FE3TH7_D102 (x(Th) 0.7) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1128.23 | FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.56246) + FE3TH7_D102 (x(Th) 0.7) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 1128.23 | FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Th) 0.56261) + FE3TH7_D102 (x(Th) 0.7) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 479.4 | BCC_A2 (x(Th) 0) + FE17TH2 (x(Th) 0.10526) + FE5TH_D2D (x(Th) 0.16667) |
| FeTh-08Wan.tdb | 461.04 | FE7TH2_ALPHA (x(Th) 0.22222) + FE3TH (x(Th) 0.25) + FE3TH7_D102 (x(Th) 0.7) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/FE/FE-TH.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/FE/FE-TH.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Fe–Th system (24)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1811.15 | congruent melting: L -> δFe | L: Th 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-ECGF73OX7A` |  |
| 1810.65 | congruent melting: L -> δFe | L: Th 0 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-6XNKIEHIAA` |  |
| 1735.55 | congruent melting: L -> Fe17Th2 | L: Th 0.105; Fe17Th2: Fe 0.894737, Th 0.105263 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-WWOSTO7ZZX` |  |
| 1735.15 | congruent melting: L -> Fe17Th2 | L: Th 0.105; Fe17Th2: Fe 0.894737, Th 0.105263 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-LPK5RV6R5F` |  |
| 1685.45 | eutectic: L -> (αFe) + Fe17Th2 | L: Th 0.0484; (αFe): Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; Fe17Th2: Fe 0.894737, Th 0.105263 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-5TB2LMJY75` |  |
| 1685.15 | eutectic: L -> (αFe) + Fe17Th2 | L: Th 0.05; (αFe): Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; Fe17Th2: Fe 0.894737, Th 0.105263 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-WUGRNNLA63` |  |
| 1667.45 | polymorphic: δFe -> γFe | L: Th 0 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-C5CZFIJVE5` |  |
| 1667.15 | polymorphic: δFe -> γFe | L: Th 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-3TSR5JUPVU` |  |
| 1643.15 | peritectic: L + Fe17Th2 -> Fe5Th | L: Th 0.2; Fe17Th2: Fe 0.894737, Th 0.105263; Fe5Th: Fe 0.833333, Th 0.166667 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-HUSLRHINJZ` |  |
| 1642.25 | peritectic: L + Fe17Th2 -> Fe5Th | L: Th 0.2052; Fe17Th2: Fe 0.894737, Th 0.105263; Fe5Th: Fe 0.833333, Th 0.166667 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-LFM2TGCHCR` |  |
| 1633.25 | polymorphic: βTh -> αTh | αTh: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; L: Th 1 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-RP6U4ZKGV2` |  |
| 1633.15 | polymorphic: βTh -> αTh | αTh: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; L: Th 1 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-MZJCLZ2I2V` |  |
| 1483.15 | peritectic: L + Fe5Th -> βFe7Th2 | L: Th 0.3; Fe5Th: Fe 0.833333, Th 0.166667; βFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-767F3GUQPI` |  |
| 1482.85 | peritectic: L + Fe5Th -> βFe7Th2 | L: Th 0.3371; Fe5Th: Fe 0.833333, Th 0.166667; βFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-X5NE2YSM6C` |  |
| 1458.15 | polymorphic: βFe7Th2 -> αFe7Th2 | βFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; αFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-GMCJE6WTAP` |  |
| 1457.45 | polymorphic: βFe7Th2 -> αFe7Th2 | βFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; αFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-J3XM33USOS` |  |
| 1373.25 | peritectic: L + aFe7Th2 -> Fe3Th | L: Th 0.4135; aFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; Fe3Th: Fe 0.75, Th 0.25 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-IYQGGBAI6Q` |  |
| 1373.15 | peritectic: L + aFe7Th2 -> Fe3Th | L: Th 0.41; aFe7Th2: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; Fe3Th: Fe 0.75, Th 0.25 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-IOJLM54IOD` |  |
| 1213.15 | peritectic: L + (αTh) -> Fe3Th7 | L: Th 0.69; (αTh): Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; Fe3Th7: Fe 0.3, Th 0.7 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-T5ASGMAACG` |  |
| 1212.65 | peritectic: L + (αTh) -> Fe3Th7 | L: Th 0.6985; (αTh): Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; Fe3Th7: Fe 0.3, Th 0.7 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-VTHVOVREHI` |  |
| 1185.15 | polymorphic: γFe -> αFe | αFe: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; L: Th 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-SQ6YO7VLYK` |  |
| 1184.85 | polymorphic: γFe -> αFe | αFe: Fe 0.777778, Th 0.222222; L: Th 0 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-F5ON4Q4XJR` |  |
| 1127.95 | eutectic: L -> Fe3Th + Fe3Th7 | L: Th 0.5624; Fe3Th: Fe 0.75, Th 0.25; Fe3Th7: Fe 0.3, Th 0.7 | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-JMDAGHUQC3` |  |
| 1123.15 | eutectic: L -> Fe3Th + Fe3Th7 | L: Th 0.54; Fe3Th: Fe 0.75, Th 0.25; Fe3Th7: Fe 0.3, Th 0.7 | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Palenzona 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2889%2990170-7) | Table 4, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-XP4GJUJE6P` |  |

## Other properties

### Formation (33)

Table: Formation, Fe–Th system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.877 per mol-atom | 973 | Fe17Th2; _alloy: Th 0.105263_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-MBFGWKTBWX` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -7.664 per mol-atom ± 0.168 | 973 | Fe17Th2; _alloy: Th 0.105263_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-UWAGJVMCXK` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -12.6 per mol-atom ± 0.42 | 973 | Fe3Th; _alloy: Th 0.25_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-BRJPF6YJWO` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -13.306 per mol-atom | 973 | Fe3Th; _alloy: Th 0.25_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-GOU7RYR7K2` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -8.396 per mol-atom | 973 | Fe3Th7; _alloy: Th 0.7_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 29; `ORC-KLZX3QDP4W` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.72 per mol-atom ± 1.134 | 973 | Fe3Th7; _alloy: Th 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 28; `ORC-TZA4MB5WNN` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -10.962 per mol-atom ± 0.252 | 973 | Fe5Th; _alloy: Th 0.166667_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-DXSSP7CZWQ` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -12.361 per mol-atom | 973 | Fe5Th; _alloy: Th 0.166667_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-Q25RBNEWAS` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -13.186 per mol-atom | 973 | αFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-F36BZCCISB` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -11.97 per mol-atom ± 0.378 | 973 | αFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-TC6UMOJOG7` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -10.673 per mol-atom | 973 | βFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-NIOWR2AO65` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.867 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe17Th2; _alloy: Th 0.105263_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-VQRZAMD4TI` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -8.046 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe17Th2; _alloy: Th 0.105263_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Chiotti 1981_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-WKOGO32CNJ` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -12.878 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe3Th; _alloy: Th 0.25_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Chiotti 1981_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-7BVLVAKNXK` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -13.29 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe3Th; _alloy: Th 0.25_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 27; `ORC-AXDVCTGMI4` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -7.004 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe3Th7; _alloy: Th 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Chiotti 1981_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 32; `ORC-INJATKMIHN` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -8.363 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe3Th7; _alloy: Th 0.7_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 33; `ORC-Q4MCVEM6KR` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -12.351 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe5Th; _alloy: Th 0.166667_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-WHH5KKV6DD` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -11.234 per mol-atom | 1000 | Fe5Th; _alloy: Th 0.166667_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Chiotti 1981_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-WHWJRR2JVT` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -13.17 per mol-atom | 1000 | αFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-O37OR3GEUO` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -12.447 per mol-atom | 1000 | αFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Chiotti 1981_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-S4AIOI3Y6A` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -10.797 per mol-atom | 1000 | βFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-NWZZXPQTSB` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.823 per mol-atom | 1123 | Fe17Th2; _alloy: Th 0.105263_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-HLMIME47VV` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.888 per mol-atom ± 0.168 | 1123 | Fe17Th2; _alloy: Th 0.105263_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-NU3CZKIV27` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -13.215 per mol-atom | 1123 | Fe3Th; _alloy: Th 0.25_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-QQZB5SZWSC` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -10.71 per mol-atom ± 0.462 | 1123 | Fe3Th; _alloy: Th 0.25_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-TGZ63S3NPN` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -6.972 per mol-atom ± 1.176 | 1123 | Fe3Th7; _alloy: Th 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 30; `ORC-QXZ4HAGLGT` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -8.212 per mol-atom | 1123 | Fe3Th7; _alloy: Th 0.7_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 31; `ORC-YGGKRG2Z57` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -12.308 per mol-atom | 1123 | Fe5Th; _alloy: Th 0.166667_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-DWVXNLFVKW` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -9.702 per mol-atom ± 0.252 | 1123 | Fe5Th; _alloy: Th 0.166667_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-FZHQIZWX7O` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -13.097 per mol-atom | 1123 | αFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-6XOBMOVTC2` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -10.29 per mol-atom ± 0.42 | 1123 | αFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2008; _cites Skelton 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645589) | Table 5, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-FDODJGRUW4` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -11.363 per mol-atom | 1123 | βFe7Th2; _alloy: Th 0.222222_ | model | [1] Wang 2008 | Table 5, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-IJNHDLUFMM` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. C.P. Wang, P. Yu, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Co–Th and Fe–Th systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 457, 150-156 (2008). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.003)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).