# Ga–Gd–Nb system

> Ga–Gd–Nb system: 32 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 32) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD-NB.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD-NB.md

32 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 15, model 17); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GA-GD-NB.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD-NB.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GA-GD-NB) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GA-GD-NB.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD-NB.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 15 |
| model | 17 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 32 |

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ga–Gd–Nb system (32)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2871.15 | monotectic: L ↔ L2 + (Nb) | L: Nb 0.00898 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 43; `ORC-KHOI7GFCA2` |  |
| 2406.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) ↔ GaNb3 | L: Nb 0.74; (Nb): Nb 0.81 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-VTEHNHHMLW` |  |
| 2385.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) ↔ GaNb3 | L: Nb 0.77; (Nb): Nb 0.84 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-OIFGVKJ62B` |  |
| 2309.15 | eutectic: L ↔ GaNb3 + Ga3Nb5 | L: Nb 0.7277 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-S37RX3ZWYJ` |  |
| 2286.15 | eutectic: L ↔ GaNb3 + Ga3Nb5 | L: Nb 0.69 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-W4LUXZVGVI` |  |
| 2087.15 | peritectic: L + Ga3Nb5 ↔ °Ga4Nb5 | L: Nb 0.39 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-D6JTUF3DWC` |  |
| 2086.15 | peritectic: L + Ga3Nb5 ↔ °Ga4Nb5 | L: Nb 0.43 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-BCQ6VBONAY` |  |
| 1846.15 | peritectic: L°+°Ga4Nb5°↔°Ga5Nb4 | L: Nb 0.162 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-GBLJ4MFCRQ` |  |
| 1839.15 | eutectic: L +↔ (αGd) + (βNb) | L: Nb 9.500e-5 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 44; `ORC-FMJCKISNNH` |  |
| 1837.15 | peritectic: L°+°Ga4Nb5°↔°Ga5Nb4 | L: Nb 0.15 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-IFMXZ7PPZC` |  |
| 1831.15 | peritectic: L°+°Ga5Nb4°↔°ht_Ga4Nb | L: Nb 0.134 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-HDW2VKRU2E` |  |
| 1803.15 | peritectic: L°+°Ga5Nb4°↔°ht_Ga4Nb | L: Nb 0.1145 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-QQZ2HCEWQX` |  |
| 1781.15 | metatectic/catatectic: L + (αGd) ↔ (βGd) | L: Gd 0.0095 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 37; `ORC-7DFYUPFHAE` |  |
| 1781.15 | metatectic/catatectic: L + (αGd) ↔ (βGd) | L: Gd 0.00969 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 38; `ORC-W3TESJTRJY` |  |
| 1751.15 | other: ht_Ga4Nb°↔°L+°Ga13Nb5 | L: Nb 7.500e-4 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-JLW6GM42OL` |  |
| 1741.15 | peritectic: L + Ga2Gd ↔ GaGd | L: Gd 0.0055 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 29; `ORC-BI4W7FODOS` |  |
| 1736.15 | other: ht_Ga4Nb°↔°L+°Ga13Nb5 | L: Nb 5.500e-4 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-XQW5CNQVHS` |  |
| 1731.15 | peritectic: L + Ga2Gd ↔ GaGd | L: Gd 0.00536 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 30; `ORC-3DZJN6BNOK` |  |
| 1666.15 | peritectic: L + Ga13Nb5 ↔ Ga3Nb | L: Nb 0.045 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-CBL3SM5BTS` |  |
| 1666.15 | peritectic: L + Ga13Nb5 ↔ Ga3Nb | L: Nb 0.031 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-RG4VXHSJRE` |  |
| 1648.15 | peritectic: L + GaGd ↔ Ga2Gd3 | L: Gd 0.00628 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 32; `ORC-VO7C2TFI4E` |  |
| 1646.15 | peritectic: L + GaGd ↔ Ga2Gd3 | L: Gd 0.00615 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 31; `ORC-COLBVNZHJU` |  |
| 1637.15 | peritectic: L + Ga2Gd3 ↔ Ga3Gd5 | L: Gd 0.00656 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 34; `ORC-P2YIEG3QGW` |  |
| 1636.15 | peritectic: L + Ga2Gd3 ↔ Ga3Gd5 | L: Gd 0.0064 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 33; `ORC-GPDHL4GCLJ` |  |
| 1396.15 | eutectic: L ↔ Ga3Gd5 + (αGd) | L: Gd 0.008 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 35; `ORC-WZ3YVOMVU3` |  |
| 1370.15 | eutectic: L ↔ Ga3Gd5 + (αGd) | L: Gd 0.0085 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 36; `ORC-CIZHRQDPZP` |  |
| 679.15 | peritectic: L + Ga2Gd ↔ Ga6Gd | L: Gd 4.000e-5 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 25; `ORC-FGCWZM2MRX` |  |
| 670.15 | peritectic: L + Ga2Gd ↔ Ga6Gd | L: Gd 5.000e-6 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 26; `ORC-IPSQLOWCWE` |  |
| 576.15 | peritectic: L+ Ga3Nb ↔ (Ga) | L: Nb 0 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 20; `ORC-37EKT2H3SZ` |  |
| 576.15 | peritectic: L+ Ga3Nb ↔ (Ga) |  | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Okamoto 1990_ | Table 1, p. 7, row 19; `ORC-A57EVXV3IR` |  |
| 576.15 | eutectic: L + (Ga)↔ Ga6Gd | L: Gd 0 | model | [1] Tamim 2023 | Table 1, p. 7, row 24; `ORC-TQJP7PT7NL` |  |
| 575.15 | eutectic: L + (Ga)↔ Ga6Gd | L: Gd 1.000e-5 | experimental | [1] Tamim 2023; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 1, p. 7, row 23; `ORC-ZJY54STYPL` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Rkia Tamim, Olivier Rapaud, Rémy Boulesteix, Alexandre Maître, Thermodynamic assessment of the Ga–Gd, Ga–Nb and Gd–Nb binary phase diagrams towards the Ga–Gd–Nb system, Calphad 82, 102596 (2023). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102596](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102596)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).