# Ga–Gd system

> Ga–Gd system: 90 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 51, formation 29, phase transition 10) and 3 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD.md

90 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (experimental 47, model 43); 3 calculated phase diagram(s). 3 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GA-GD.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GA-GD) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-GD/GaGd-19Liu.json) · [phases (10)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GA-GD.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GA-GD.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-GD.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 47 |
| model | 43 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 51 |
| phase transition | 10 |
| formation | 29 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | J. Liu, F. Li, J. Liu, X. Zhang, T. Ahmad, T. Liang, Monatsh. Chem., 150, 1225-33(2019). [doi:10.1007/s00706-019-02420-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-019-02420-8) | `c20783412d926e192b4e08c63e9ec61116107de671abb7d20b514c99b4f67534` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-GD/GaGd-19Liu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GaGd-19Liu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GaGd-19Liu.json) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | M. Ait Boukideur, N. Selhaoui, F.Z. Chrifi Alaoui, A. Iddaoudi, K. Achgar, Mater. Today Proc., 24, 71-75(2020). [doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.598](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.598) | `c6bc03bf1e76ae90e0567ecfdf829a56f82c793fcd84a011349dae5f6be78b10` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-GD/GaGd-20Ait.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GaGd-20Ait.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GaGd-20Ait.json) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | R. Tamim, O. Rapaud, R. Boulesteix, A. Maitre, Calphad, 82, 102596(2023). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102596](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102596) | `87a4fc5f0d2a5c215b6554a03990e836a72175e0a35ab0b9283660bd85d05b65` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-GD/GaGd-23Tam.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GaGd-23Tam.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GaGd-23Tam.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1508.06 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.97114) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1508.06 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.97126) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1466.07 | GA2GD_C32 (x(Gd) 0.33346) + GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.52262) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1380.29 | GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.63414) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1380.28 | GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.63444) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1283 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.74446) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1283 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.74423) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1283 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.74463) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1106.37 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85006) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1106.37 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85003) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 1106.37 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85006) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 678.55 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 6.600e-4) + GA6GD (x(Gd) 0.14286) + GA2GD_C32 (x(Gd) 0.19636) |
| GaGd-19Liu.tdb | 302.91 | ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0) + GA6GD (x(Gd) 0.14286) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 1508.06 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.97106) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 1462.89 | GA2GD_C32 (x(Gd) 0.33333) + GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.54314) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 1372.54 | GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.66223) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 1353.37 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.69548) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 1118.12 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.83533) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 673.22 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.01018) + GA6GD (x(Gd) 0.14286) + GA2GD_C32 (x(Gd) 0.21141) |
| GaGd-20Ait.tdb | 302.91 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0) + ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Gd) 0) + GA6GD (x(Gd) 0.14286) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1508.05 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.96945) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 0.99999) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1508.05 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.96947) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1458.13 | GA2GD_C32 (x(Gd) 0.33333) + GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.53586) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1375.4 | GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62812) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1375.4 | GAGD_B33 (x(Gd) 0.5) + GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62805) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1363.62 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.65628) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1363.62 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.65581) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1363.62 | GA2GD3 (x(Gd) 0.6) + GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.65634) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1096.77 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85088) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1096.77 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85085) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 1096.77 | GA3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85088) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 0.99999) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 670.63 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 4.500e-4) + GA6GD (x(Gd) 0.14286) + GA2GD_C32 (x(Gd) 0.22729) |
| GaGd-23Tam.tdb | 302.91 | ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0) + GA6GD (x(Gd) 0.14286) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/GA/GA-GD.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/GA/GA-GD.json) · [CALPHAD hull GaGd-19Liu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/GA/GA-GD--GaGd-19Liu.json) · [CALPHAD hull GaGd-20Ait](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/GA/GA-GD--GaGd-20Ait.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ga–Gd system (51)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. → Ga2Gd | liq.: Gd 0.3333; Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-5NMDMHG5G2` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. → Ga2Gd | liq.: Gd 0.3333; Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-7CEEZCS6QY` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. → Ga2Gd | liq.: Gd 0.3333; Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Pelleg 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2881%2990171-5) | Table 3, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-NGOPV2G4Z7` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. → Ga2Gd | liq.: Gd 0.3333; Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Yatsenko 1972_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-PKYLHE4C6V` |  |
| 1535 | liq. + bcc → hcp(Gd) | liq.: Gd 0.9795; bcc: Gd 1; hcp(Gd): Gd 1 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-EFQQOKUWMN` |  |
| 1508.15 | metatectic/catatectic: Liq + (αGd) \<=> (βGd) | Liq: Gd 0.95 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 27; `ORC-7HMX6J72KM` |  |
| 1508.15 | metatectic/catatectic: Liq + (αGd) \<=> (βGd) | Liq: Gd 0.97 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 26; `ORC-KSKUYBBARB` |  |
| 1508 | liq. + bcc → hcp(Gd) | bcc: Gd 1; hcp(Gd): Gd 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-FHUCNPPKTF` |  |
| 1473 | liq. + Ga2Gd → GaGd | Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333; GaGd: Ga 0.5, Gd 0.5 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Yatsenko 1972_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-MABIUNCBG4` |  |
| 1468.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd \<=> GaGd | Liq: Gd 0.55; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333333; GaGd: Gd 0.5 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-NLHBXJTWCI` |  |
| 1468 | liq. + Ga2Gd → GaGd | liq.: Gd 0.5225; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.3333; GaGd: Gd 0.5 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-POQAXC24QU` |  |
| 1468 | liq. + Ga2Gd → GaGd | liq.: Gd 0.55; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.3333; GaGd: Gd 0.5 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-RQJGC5ZSJ3` |  |
| 1463.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd \<=> GaGd | Liq: Gd 0.54; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333333; GaGd: Gd 0.5 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-AOZHGFGX4C` |  |
| 1463.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd \<=> GaGd | Liq: Gd 0.56; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333333; GaGd: Gd 0.5 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-P2Y7HOQEO5` |  |
| 1463 | liq. + Ga2Gd → GaGd | Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333; GaGd: Ga 0.5, Gd 0.5 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Pelleg 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2881%2990171-5) | Table 3, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-DWI57657FH` |  |
| 1463 | liq. + Ga2Gd → GaGd | Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333; GaGd: Ga 0.5, Gd 0.5 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-YR57477AYZ` |  |
| 1393 | liq. + GaGd → Ga2Gd3 | GaGd: Ga 0.5, Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Ga 0.4, Gd 0.6 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Yatsenko 1972_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-3NVY4LOBKV` |  |
| 1383.15 | peritectic: Liq + GaGd \<=> Ga2Gd3 | Liq: Gd 0.615; GaGd: Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-AW76HODC5N` |  |
| 1383 | liq. + GaGd → Ga2Gd3 | liq.: Gd 0.634; GaGd: Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-45VCQISZ7M` |  |
| 1383 | liq. + GaGd → Ga2Gd3 | liq.: Gd 0.615; GaGd: Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-URRZ422WYX` |  |
| 1373.15 | peritectic: Liq + GaGd \<=> Ga2Gd3 | Liq: Gd 0.66; GaGd: Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-PEF6BOI5SB` |  |
| 1373.15 | peritectic: Liq + GaGd \<=> Ga2Gd3 | Liq: Gd 0.64; GaGd: Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 4, row 18; `ORC-XLKUVALFL7` |  |
| 1373 | liq. + GaGd → Ga2Gd3 | GaGd: Ga 0.5, Gd 0.5; Ga2Gd3: Ga 0.4, Gd 0.6 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-46NDDZDE2J` |  |
| 1373 | liq. + Ga2Gd3 → Ga3Gd5 | Ga2Gd3: Ga 0.4, Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Ga 0.375, Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Yatsenko 1972_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 19; `ORC-Z65TQYCD46` |  |
| 1363.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd3 \<=> Ga3Gd5 | Liq: Gd 0.64; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-X6DFC5RNXF` |  |
| 1363 | liq. + Ga2Gd3 → Ga3Gd5 | liq.: Gd 0.64; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 18; `ORC-W7F6RX6KLX` |  |
| 1353.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd3 \<=> Ga3Gd5 | Liq: Gd 0.666; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-DVJKU5M7I3` |  |
| 1353.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd3 \<=> Ga3Gd5 | Liq: Gd 0.69; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-WENYPOWNAZ` |  |
| 1352 | liq. + Ga2Gd3 → Ga3Gd5 | Ga2Gd3: Ga 0.4, Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Ga 0.375, Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 7, row 20; `ORC-TZBYHM2BUM` |  |
| 1283 | liq. + Ga2Gd3 → Ga3Gd5 | Ga2Gd3: Ga 0.4, Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Ga 0.375, Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Predel 1996_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 17; `ORC-4EU6AOP2ZG` |  |
| 1283 | liq. + Ga2Gd3 → Ga3Gd5 | liq.: Gd 0.7465; Ga2Gd3: Gd 0.6; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-L5UPV4RE6A` |  |
| 1123.15 | eutectic: Liq \<=> Ga3Gd5 + (αGd) | Liq: Gd 0.8; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 25; `ORC-ODNYSNIX5E` |  |
| 1123 | eutectic: liq. → hcp + Ga3Gd5 | liq.: Gd 0.8; hcp: Gd 1; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 23; `ORC-C6TM5TBJRE` |  |
| 1123 | eutectic: liq. → hcp + Ga3Gd5 | Ga3Gd5: Ga 0.375, Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Yatsenko 1972_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 22; `ORC-WQWITENDCU` |  |
| 1118.15 | eutectic: Liq \<=> Ga3Gd5 + (αGd) | Liq: Gd 0.797; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 4, row 24; `ORC-L2B6L3ACDE` |  |
| 1118.15 | eutectic: Liq \<=> Ga3Gd5 + (αGd) | Liq: Gd 0.83; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-MWJAWFJSIY` |  |
| 1118 | eutectic: liq. → hcp + Ga3Gd5 | Ga3Gd5: Ga 0.375, Gd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 7, row 24; `ORC-XU5V54MSV4` |  |
| 1114 | eutectic: liq. → hcp + Ga3Gd5 | liq.: Gd 0.8479; hcp: Gd 1; Ga3Gd5: Gd 0.625 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 21; `ORC-TANMKAYWPR` |  |
| 679.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd \<=> Ga6Gd | Liq: Gd 0.004; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333333; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-IWNLUB7H4N` |  |
| 679 | liq. + Ga2Gd → Ga6Gd | liq.: Gd 6.000e-4; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.1964; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.1429 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 25; `ORC-A5ZXT4C3BA` |  |
| 679 | liq. + Ga2Gd → Ga6Gd | liq.: Gd 0.4; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.22; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.143 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 27; `ORC-OXLL5JPHSF` |  |
| 679 | liq. + Ga2Gd → Ga6Gd | Ga2Gd: Ga 0.666667, Gd 0.333333; Ga6Gd: Ga 0.857143, Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Pelleg 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2881%2990171-5) | Table 3, p. 7, row 26; `ORC-Q4GGKQVJTQ` |  |
| 652.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd \<=> Ga6Gd | Liq: Gd 0.005; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333333; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Joshua 1981_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-EXASVC73SK` |  |
| 652.15 | peritectic: Liq + Ga2Gd \<=> Ga6Gd | Liq: Gd 0.007; Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333333; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.142857 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-PXSL4STQRK` |  |
| 573.15 | eutectic: Liq + (αGa) \<=> Ga6Gd | (αGa): Gd 0.001; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.142857 | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-CLCSE7NZYL` |  |
| 573.15 | eutectic: Liq + (αGa) \<=> Ga6Gd | (αGa): Gd 0.001; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Joshua 1981_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-U2JC34IBUB` |  |
| 573.15 | eutectic: Liq + (αGa) \<=> Ga6Gd | (αGa): Gd 0.001; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-XPYZEXNRMG` |  |
| 303 | liq. + Ga6Gd → orth. | liq.: Gd 0; Ga6Gd: Gd 0.1429; orth.: Gd 0 | model | [1] Liu 2019 | Table 3, p. 7, row 28; `ORC-BZGA65A54L` |  |
| 303 | liq. + Ga6Gd → orth. | Ga6Gd: Ga 0.857143, Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Yatsenko 1972_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 29; `ORC-I2BXNOJGIU` |  |
| 302 | liq. + Ga6Gd → orth. | Ga6Gd: Gd 0.143; orth.: Gd 0 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 7, row 31; `ORC-KAJIF4MI7L` |  |
| 302 | liq. + Ga6Gd → orth. | Ga6Gd: Ga 0.857143, Gd 0.142857 | experimental | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Pelleg 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2881%2990171-5) | Table 3, p. 7, row 30; `ORC-XBPYKAANLW` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ga–Gd system (24)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ga2Gd |  | -261.5 unspecified ± 5.9 | 823.15 | model |  |  | [1] Liu 2019; _cites Kober 1983_ | p. 4; `ORC-OCTMVBOCTI` | “The enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of formation of ­Ga2Gd from liquid Ga and solid Gd at 550 °C were as: - 261.5 ± 5.9 kJ/mol, - 88.3 ± 7.1 J/mol, and - 189.0 ± 0.4 kJ/mol \[42\], respectively, which was cited from Ref. \[17\].” |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -83.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Bayanov 1975_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-7Z3D4WRJUL.781bf8` |  |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -72.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.8 | 1373 | experimental | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites Meschel 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2801%2900913-6) | Table 2, p. 8, row 20; `ORC-BVCQUXSCDU` |  |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -72.8 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-FUJDIV6P2R.024172` |  |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -72.8 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Meschel 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2801%2900913-6) | Table 4, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-PZ3LQ4A5M5.069e35` |  |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -65.03 kJ/mol-atom ± 1 | 298.15 | experimental | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites Bayanov 1975_ | Table 2, p. 8, row 21; `ORC-36NWZATDHS` |  |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -65.03 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites De 2014_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-B7RUYCFAHM.206e57` |  |
| Ga2Gd | [Ga2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd.html) | -63.156 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -63.164 (mp-aaaabdgn) | -64.461 (oqmd-91491) | [3] Tamim 2023 | Table 2, p. 8, row 22; `ORC-7NVFYBPJPK` |  |
| Ga2Gd3 | [Ga2Gd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd3.html) | -64.68 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -49.123 (mp-aaaeiziy) | -50.779 (oqmd-89453) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites De 2014_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-AVW6N7J6YT.416807` |  |
| Ga2Gd3 | [Ga2Gd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd3.html) | -64.68 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -49.123 (mp-aaaeiziy) | -50.779 (oqmd-89453) | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites De 1988_ | Table 2, p. 8, row 25; `ORC-LYZEF4LCQJ` |  |
| Ga2Gd3 | [Ga2Gd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd3.html) | -63.06 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -49.123 (mp-aaaeiziy) | -50.779 (oqmd-89453) | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-7L3BM7RY6V.390652` |  |
| Ga2Gd3 | [Ga2Gd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Gd3.html) | -61.009 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -49.123 (mp-aaaeiziy) | -50.779 (oqmd-89453) | [3] Tamim 2023 | Table 2, p. 8, row 26; `ORC-3A34ZB3NHW` |  |
| Ga3Gd5 | [Ga3Gd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Gd5.html) | -61.56 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  | -46.682 (oqmd-18351) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites De 2014_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-623DFLI4A3.5067fe` |  |
| Ga3Gd5 | [Ga3Gd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Gd5.html) | -61.56 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -46.682 (oqmd-18351) | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites De 1988_ | Table 2, p. 8, row 27; `ORC-T7ARWKQ5MQ` |  |
| Ga3Gd5 | [Ga3Gd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Gd5.html) | -60.698 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -46.682 (oqmd-18351) | [3] Tamim 2023 | Table 2, p. 8, row 28; `ORC-GAJYIMBV2N` |  |
| Ga3Gd5 | [Ga3Gd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Gd5.html) | -59.78 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  | -46.682 (oqmd-18351) | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-VQRZHL77NP.122e07` |  |
| Ga6Gd | [Ga6Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga6Gd.html) | -36 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -31.251 (mp-aaackwju) | -31.82 (oqmd-1484077) | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-VOUELJMR7L.60f035` |  |
| Ga6Gd | [Ga6Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga6Gd.html) | -31.514 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -31.251 (mp-aaackwju) | -31.82 (oqmd-1484077) | [3] Tamim 2023 | Table 2, p. 8, row 19; `ORC-X27OI747HA` |  |
| Ga6Gd | [Ga6Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga6Gd.html) | -30.14 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -31.251 (mp-aaackwju) | -31.82 (oqmd-1484077) | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites De 1988_ | Table 2, p. 8, row 18; `ORC-6TJQPS2RFE` |  |
| Ga6Gd | [Ga6Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga6Gd.html) | -30.14 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -31.251 (mp-aaackwju) | -31.82 (oqmd-1484077) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites De 2014_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-C7N6UJFNQZ.2e0364` |  |
| GaGd | [GaGd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaGd.html) | -72.65 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -60.894 (mp-aaaabecv) | -60.055 (oqmd-19090) | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites De 1988_ | Table 2, p. 8, row 23; `ORC-4MXBBMO2LI` |  |
| GaGd | [GaGd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaGd.html) | -72.65 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -60.894 (mp-aaaabecv) | -60.055 (oqmd-19090) | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites De 2014_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-LZRUNWBCOC.643358` |  |
| GaGd | [GaGd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaGd.html) | -70 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -60.894 (mp-aaaabecv) | -60.055 (oqmd-19090) | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-BUSFP435S3.5d09a1` |  |
| GaGd | [GaGd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaGd.html) | -61.701 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -60.894 (mp-aaaabecv) | -60.055 (oqmd-19090) | [3] Tamim 2023 | Table 2, p. 8, row 24; `ORC-IU6YRZCXGB` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (10)

Table: Phase transition, Ga–Gd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 302.15 K | 302.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> (αGa); _(αGa): Gd 0_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-3FM5RYF64X` |  |
| Phase transition | 302.15 K | 302.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> (αGa); _(αGa): Gd 0_ | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-O24EPUP4D6` |  |
| Phase transition | 302.15 K | 302.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> (αGa); _(αGa): Gd 0_ | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Joshua 1981_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-WXTW3C4MLJ` |  |
| Phase transition | 1586.15 K | 1586.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> (βGd); _(βGd): Gd 1_ | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 29; `ORC-CI7NW5NOWM` |  |
| Phase transition | 1586.15 K | 1586.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> (βGd); _(βGd): Gd 1_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 28; `ORC-DODNKIETB6` |  |
| Phase transition | 1673.15 K | 1673.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> Ga2Gd; _Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333_ | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Buschow 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990277-0) | Table 3, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-CQP5AT3FGB` |  |
| Phase transition | 1673.15 K | 1673.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> Ga2Gd; _Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333_ | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Palenzona 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841585) | Table 3, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-QMK6OQVLVU` |  |
| Phase transition | 1673.15 K | 1673.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> Ga2Gd; _Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 3, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-R4V2UJU7AE` |  |
| Phase transition | 1673.15 K | 1673.15 | congruent melting: Liq \<=> Ga2Gd; _Ga2Gd: Gd 0.333_ | experimental | [2] Boukideur 2020; _cites Joshua 1981_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-RRLUCCE42T` |  |
| Phase transition | 1673.15 K | 1673.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [3] Tamim 2023; _cites Pelleg 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2881%2990171-5) | p. 11; `ORC-NFNYS3I35A` | “The hexagonal Ga2Gd (ɛ) compound melts congruently at 1400°C, and exhibits a wide homogeneity range that extends from the stoichiometric composition to the gallium-rich side Ga2(1+x)Gd1-x \[23\].” |

### Formation (5)

Table: Formation, Ga–Gd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: Entropies of formation_ | 1 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ga2Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.333333_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-FUJDIV6P2R.2cf758` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: Entropies of formation_ | 9.45 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ga2Gd3; _alloy: Gd 0.6_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-7L3BM7RY6V.52c63d` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: Entropies of formation_ | 9 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ga3Gd5; _alloy: Gd 0.625_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-VQRZHL77NP.ed7c13` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: Entropies of formation_ | -5.35 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ga6Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.142857_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-VOUELJMR7L.20000f` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: Entropies of formation_ | 7.23 J/mol-atom/K |  | GaGd; _alloy: Gd 0.5_ | model | [2] Boukideur 2020 | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-BUSFP435S3.131408` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Jinming Liu, Fei Li, Jinping Liu, Xu Zhang, Tahir Ahmad, Tongxiang Liang, Thermodynamic description of the Ce–Ga and Ga–Gd systems, Monatsh Chem 150, 1225-1233 (2019). [doi:10.1007/s00706-019-02420-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-019-02420-8)
2. M. AiT Boukideur, N. Selhaoui, F.Z. chrifi Alaoui, A. Iddaoudi, K. Achgar, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ga-Gd binary system, Materials Today: Proceedings 24, 71-75 (2020). [doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.598](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.598)
3. Rkia Tamim, Olivier Rapaud, Rémy Boulesteix, Alexandre Maître, Thermodynamic assessment of the Ga–Gd, Ga–Nb and Gd–Nb binary phase diagrams towards the Ga–Gd–Nb system, Calphad 82, 102596 (2023). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102596](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102596)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).