# Ga–Ni system

> Ga–Ni system: 19 accepted literature values (formation 19) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-NI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-NI.md

19 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 10, model 9); 2 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GA-NI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-NI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GA-NI) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-NI/GaNi-15Cao.json) · [phases (16)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GA-NI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GA-NI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GA-NI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 10 |
| model | 9 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| formation | 19 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | Z.-M. Cao, X. Shi, W. Xie, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Z.-Y. Qiao, Rare Met., 34, 864-72(2015). [doi:10.1007/s12598-014-0365-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-014-0365-5) | `51e5dcd730ebe85b4f0863935847216d71525c6bce99d7567d71da39046d531e` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-NI/GaNi-15Cao.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GaNi-15Cao.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GaNi-15Cao.json) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | J. Groebner, R. Wenzel, G.G. Fischer, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Phase Equilib., 20, 615-25(1999). [doi:10.1361/105497199770340608](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497199770340608) | `d9d13119777dc6185bafa20dc47a967a2d4a980ae42fbeeda2dab782cac469ec` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GA-NI/GaNi-99Gro.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GaNi-99Gro.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GaNi-99Gro.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 1475.42 | GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.68782) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.69643) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.73084) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 1237 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.28033) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.4293) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 1212.15 | GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.62599) + GA2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.64261) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.71082) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 1070 | GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.56645) + GA9NI13 (x(Ni) 0.59091) + GA2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.6319) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 999.83 | GA2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.6425) + GA3NI5 (x(Ni) 0.65016) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.72864) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 985.74 | GA9NI13 (x(Ni) 0.59091) + GA3NI5 (x(Ni) 0.63157) + GA2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.63234) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 837.01 | GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) + GA4NI3 (x(Ni) 0.42857) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.48017) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 661.01 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.0174) + GA7NI3_D8F (x(Ni) 0.3) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 661.01 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.01729) + GA7NI3_D8F (x(Ni) 0.3) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 306.06 | GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) + GA4NI3 (x(Ni) 0.42857) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.49918) |
| GaNi-15Cao.tdb | 302.91 | ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0) + GA7NI3_D8F (x(Ni) 0.3) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1492.13 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.73343) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.78634) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1492.13 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.73367) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.78656) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1479.7 | GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.70011) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.70702) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1479.7 | GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.70039) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.70727) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1224.84 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.32968) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.49943) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1221.23 | GA2NI3 (x(Ni) 0.6) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.61765) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1221.23 | GA2NI3 (x(Ni) 0.6) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.61745) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 1011.21 | GA2NI3 (x(Ni) 0.6) + GA3NI5 (x(Ni) 0.625) + GANI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 816.33 | GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) + GA4NI3 (x(Ni) 0.42857) + GANI_B2 (x(Ni) 0.49973) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 636.66 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.15624) + GA4NI (x(Ni) 0.2) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 636.66 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.15631) + GA4NI (x(Ni) 0.2) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 636.66 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.1562) + GA4NI (x(Ni) 0.2) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 308.62 | GA4NI (x(Ni) 0.2) + GA3NI2_D513 (x(Ni) 0.4) + GA4NI3 (x(Ni) 0.42857) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 302.71 | ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.0014) + GA4NI (x(Ni) 0.2) |
| GaNi-99Gro.tdb | 302.71 | ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.0014) + GA4NI (x(Ni) 0.2) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/GA/GA-NI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/GA/GA-NI.json) · [CALPHAD hull GaNi-99Gro](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/GA/GA-NI--GaNi-99Gro.json)

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ga–Ni system (19)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ni2Ga3 | [Ga3Ni2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Ni2.html) | -45 kJ/mol-atom | 300 | experimental | -39.404 (mp-aaaaaqwj) | -40.189 (oqmd-17266) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Martosudirjo 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2876%2985025-3) | Table 1, p. 2, row 16; `ORC-F6QKGZRYPB` |  |
| Ni2Ga3 | [Ga3Ni2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Ni2.html) | -33.6 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -39.404 (mp-aaaaaqwj) | -40.189 (oqmd-17266) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 17; `ORC-3HRKB6SD7R` |  |
| Ni3Ga | [GaNi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi3.html) | -33 kJ/mol-atom | 1223 | experimental | -28.068 (mp-aaaaabfj) | -28.704 (oqmd-30308) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Katayama 1973_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-SW34UFETZQ` |  |
| Ni3Ga | [GaNi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi3.html) | -28 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -28.068 (mp-aaaaabfj) | -28.704 (oqmd-30308) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Predel 1999_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-VSLUDSN6JL` |  |
| Ni3Ga | [GaNi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi3.html) | -27.8 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -28.068 (mp-aaaaabfj) | -28.704 (oqmd-30308) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-V72IXPFZYK` |  |
| Ni3Ga | [GaNi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi3.html) | -23 kJ/mol-atom | 300 | experimental | -28.068 (mp-aaaaabfj) | -28.704 (oqmd-30308) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Martosudirjo 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2876%2985025-3) | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-AGP63TC3LM` |  |
| Ni3Ga2 | [Ga2Ni3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Ni3.html) | -37.2 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -35.157 (oqmd-1797427) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-CPZCUB2R2A` |  |
| Ni3Ga2 | [Ga2Ni3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga2Ni3.html) | -36 kJ/mol-atom | 300 | experimental |  | -35.157 (oqmd-1797427) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Martosudirjo 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2876%2985025-3) | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-L2N3QXBNAM` |  |
| Ni3Ga4 | [Ga4Ni3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga4Ni3.html) | -35.7 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -38.198 (mp-aaaabtjb) | -38.855 (oqmd-89566) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 15; `ORC-2HC3U2F2YE` |  |
| Ni3Ga4 | [Ga4Ni3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga4Ni3.html) | -35 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -38.198 (mp-aaaabtjb) | -38.855 (oqmd-89566) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 14; `ORC-D73G345DE7` |  |
| Ni5Ga3 | [Ga3Ni5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Ni5.html) | -36 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -36.245 (mp-aaaaaqwk) | -37.1 (oqmd-30307) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-OM7JLWPSDW` |  |
| Ni5Ga3 | [Ga3Ni5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga3Ni5.html) | -35.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -36.245 (mp-aaaaaqwk) | -37.1 (oqmd-30307) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-JWP7BEPXOV` |  |
| NiGa | [GaNi](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi.html) | -47 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -35.224 (mp-aaaaacwr) | -39.78 (oqmd-1370618) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Predel 1999_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-7BKEKNDJQD` |  |
| NiGa | [GaNi](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi.html) | -43 kJ/mol-atom | 1223 | experimental | -35.224 (mp-aaaaacwr) | -39.78 (oqmd-1370618) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Katayama 1973_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-33XZBZUJTG` |  |
| NiGa | [GaNi](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi.html) | -43 kJ/mol-atom | 1023 | experimental | -35.224 (mp-aaaaacwr) | -39.78 (oqmd-1370618) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Jacobi 1971_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-SQFIP7VXA6` |  |
| NiGa | [GaNi](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi.html) | -38.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -35.224 (mp-aaaaacwr) | -39.78 (oqmd-1370618) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-UN5IWLYI6H` |  |
| NiGa | [GaNi](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GaNi.html) | -38 kJ/mol-atom | 300 | experimental | -35.224 (mp-aaaaacwr) | -39.78 (oqmd-1370618) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Martosudirjo 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2876%2985025-3) | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-3QYB57JR5A` |  |
| NiGa4 | [Ga4Ni](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga4Ni.html) | -34 kJ/mol-atom | 300 | experimental |  | -11.867 (oqmd-1339826) | [1] Gröbner 1999; _cites Martosudirjo 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2876%2985025-3) | Table 1, p. 2, row 18; `ORC-JOCATUI5ZB` |  |
| NiGa4 | [Ga4Ni](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ga4Ni.html) | -24.3 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -11.867 (oqmd-1339826) | [1] Gröbner 1999 | Table 1, p. 2, row 19; `ORC-NA4OJFIQEP` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. J. Gröbner, R. Wenzel, G. G. Fischer, R. Schmid-Fetzer, Thermodynamic calculation of the binary systems M-Ga and investigation of ternary M-Ga-N phase equilibria (M=Ni, Co, Pd, Cr), JPE 20, 615-625 (1999). [doi:10.1361/105497199770340608](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497199770340608)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).