Gd–Pb system

32 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 13, model 19); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 6 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (11) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	13
model	19

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	22
phase transition	10

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	J. Cui, C. Guo, C. Li, Z. Du, Calphad, 42, 1-5(2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.06.002	`bd8c5551081be0842b604ed73598fa81aee611c37c95c2d90642c3c296bea2cb`	viewer · TDB · JSON
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	A. Iddaoudi, C. Servant, N. Selhaoui, S. Kardellass, K. Mahdouk, L. Bouirden, J. Alloys Compd., 589, 192-99(2014). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.131	`e76d75789170c7fdf34fc7798cb2889fff345e71c1b9bcd628ec8d945f5b3bb9`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1735.38	GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.375) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.4631)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1682.99	GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.375) + GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1682.99	GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.49697)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1498.3	GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.56094)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1483.77	HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 2.300e-4) + BCC_A2 (x(Pb) 0.00476) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.0702)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1431.61	GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.5889)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1412.93	HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 2.300e-4) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.14942) + GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.375)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1283.09	GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.69161)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	1242.49	GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.77244)
GdPb-13Cui.tdb	600.61	GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 1)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1733.27	GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.39008) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.49878)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1733.27	GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.39007) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.49873)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1682.93	GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.38747) + GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1682.93	GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.52919)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1682.93	GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.38746) + GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1682.93	GD5PB4_HT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.52927)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1498.05	GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.59645)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1498.05	GD5PB4_LT (x(Pb) 0.44444) + GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.59638)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1475.31	HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.00994) + BCC_A2 (x(Pb) 0.01523) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.08425)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1438.24	GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.62017)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1438.24	GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.6201)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1438.24	GD11PB10 (x(Pb) 0.47619) + GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.62023)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1387.2	HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.0087) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.12838) + GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.375)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1387.2	HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.0087) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.12846) + GD5PB3_D88 (x(Pb) 0.375)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1285.65	GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.71016)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1285.65	GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.7102)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1285.65	GD6PB7 (x(Pb) 0.53846) + GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.71011)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1241.55	GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.75655)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1241.55	GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.75657)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	1241.55	GDPB2 (x(Pb) 0.66667) + GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.75633)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	600.61	GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99999) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1)
GdPb-14Idd.tdb	600.61	GDPB3_L12 (x(Pb) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99999) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull GdPb-13Cui

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Gd–Pb system (22)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1733	liq.+Gd5Pb3 -> βGd5Pb4	Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375; βGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 16 report
1733	liq.+Gd5Pb3 -> βGd5Pb4	Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375; βGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 17 report
1498	liq.+αGd5Pb4 -> Gd11Pb10	L: Pb 0.6345; αGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444; Gd11Pb10: Pb 0.47619	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 24 report
1498	liq.+αGd5Pb4 -> Gd11Pb10	L: Pb 0.5609; αGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444; Gd11Pb10: Pb 0.47619	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 23 report
1498	liq.+αGd5Pb4 -> Gd11Pb10	L: Pb 0.56; αGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444; Gd11Pb10: Pb 0.47619	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 22 report
1485	βGd -> αGd+liq.	βGd: Pb 0.0044; αGd: Pb 1.000e-4; L: Pb 0.0048	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
1485	βGd -> αGd+liq.	βGd: Pb 0.0709; αGd: Pb 0; L: Pb 4.000e-4	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
1485	βGd -> αGd+liq.	βGd: Pb 0.02; αGd: Pb 0; L: Pb 0.08	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
1433	liq.+Gd11Pb10 -> Gd6Pb7	L: Pb 0.59; Gd11Pb10: Pb 0.47619; Gd6Pb7: Pb 0.538462	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 25 report
1433	liq.+Gd11Pb10 -> Gd6Pb7	L: Pb 0.5883; Gd11Pb10: Pb 0.47619; Gd6Pb7: Pb 0.538462	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 26 report
1433	liq.+Gd11Pb10 -> Gd6Pb7	L: Pb 0.6587; Gd11Pb10: Pb 0.47619; Gd6Pb7: Pb 0.538462	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 27 report
1393	eutectic: liq. -> αGd+Gd5Pb3	L: Pb 0.0947; αGd: Pb 1.000e-4; Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 12 report
1393	eutectic: liq. -> αGd+Gd5Pb3	L: Pb 0.1673; αGd: Pb 0; Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 11 report
1393	eutectic: liq. -> αGd+Gd5Pb3	L: Pb 0.145; αGd: Pb 0; Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 10 report
1283	liq.+Gd6Pb7 -> GdPb2	L: Pb 0.7203; Gd6Pb7: Pb 0.538462; GdPb2: Pb 0.666667	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 30 report
1283	liq.+Gd6Pb7 -> GdPb2	L: Pb 0.6924; Gd6Pb7: Pb 0.538462; GdPb2: Pb 0.666667	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 29 report
1283	liq.+Gd6Pb7 -> GdPb2	L: Pb 0.68; Gd6Pb7: Pb 0.538462; GdPb2: Pb 0.666667	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 28 report
1242	liq.+GdPb2 -> GdPb3	L: Pb 0.76; GdPb2: Pb 0.666667; GdPb3: Pb 0.75	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 31 report
1242	liq.+GdPb2 -> GdPb3	L: Pb 0.7724; GdPb2: Pb 0.666667; GdPb3: Pb 0.75	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 32 report
1242	liq.+GdPb2 -> GdPb3	L: Pb 0.7583; GdPb2: Pb 0.666667; GdPb3: Pb 0.75	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 33 report
601	liq.+GdPb3 -> Pb	GdPb3: Pb 0.75; Pb: Pb 1	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 36 report
601	liq.+GdPb3 -> Pb	GdPb3: Pb 0.75; Pb: Pb 1	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 34 report

Other properties

Phase transition (10)

Phase transition, Gd–Pb system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	600.5 K	600.5	liq. -> Pb Pb: Pb 1	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 37 report
Phase transition	600.5 K	600.5	liq. -> Pb Pb: Pb 1	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 38 report
Phase transition	1586 K	1586	liq. -> βGd βGd: Pb 0	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
Phase transition	1586 K	1586	liq. -> βGd βGd: Pb 0	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Phase transition	1683 K	1683	βGd5Pb4 -> αGd5Pb4 βGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444; αGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
Phase transition	1683 K	1683	βGd5Pb4 -> αGd5Pb4 βGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444; αGd5Pb4: Pb 0.444444	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
Phase transition	1942 K	1942	liq. -> Gd5Pb3 Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 15 report
Phase transition	1943 K	1943	liq. -> Gd5Pb3 Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375	model	[1] Cui 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 14 report
Phase transition	1943 K	1943	liq. -> Gd5Pb3 Gd5Pb3: Pb 0.375	experimental	[1] Cui 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 13 report
Phase transition	1943.15 K	1943.15	congruent transformation	experimental	[2] Iddaoudi 2014	p. 2 report	The Gd5Pb3 phase melts congruently at 1670 °C.

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Jiaxin Cui, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Gd–Pb system using random solution and associate models, Calphad 42, 1-5 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.06.002
A. Iddaoudi, C. Servant, N. Selhaoui, S. Kardellass, K. Mahdouk, L. Bouirden, Thermodynamic modeling of the RE–Pb (RE=Sc, Dy, Gd) systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 589, 192-199 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.131

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}