# Gd–Pd system

> Gd–Pd system: 55 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 26, formation 20, phase transition 8, mixing / partial 1) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GD-PD.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GD-PD.md

55 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 17, model 38); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GD-PD.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GD-PD.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GD-PD) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GD-PD/GdPd-00Du.json) · [phases (14)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GD-PD.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GD-PD.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GD-PD.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 17 |
| model | 38 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 26 |
| phase transition | 8 |
| formation | 20 |
| mixing / partial | 1 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | Z. Du, H. Yang, J. Alloys Compd., 312, 181-88(2000). [doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01144-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | `a7d4cf1a658c9d9394f4497e0f47f81e83705368ff001de25e499a59086f67ae` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GD-PD/GdPd-00Du.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdPd-00Du.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GdPd-00Du.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1588.48 | GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.49994) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.54417) + GD3PD4_HT (x(Pd) 0.57143) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1577.7 | GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.49995) + GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD3PD4_HT (x(Pd) 0.57143) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1577.7 | GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD3PD4_HT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.60081) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1562.77 | BCC_A2 (x(Pd) 0.01284) + HCP_A3 (x(Pd) 0.01985) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.02928) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1498.4 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.6545) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) + GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1498.4 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.6546) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) + GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1432.31 | GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62864) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1432.31 | GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62862) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1427.18 | GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62987) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1427.18 | GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62984) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1427.18 | GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62988) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1402.63 | GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1400.24 | GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.78474) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.85056) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.88461) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1308.64 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.38647) + GDPD_B33 (x(Pd) 0.49339) + GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.49367) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1272.74 | GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.5) + GDPD_B33 (x(Pd) 0.5) + GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1155.27 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.3634) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4) + GDPD_B33 (x(Pd) 0.49138) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1084.83 | GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.30188) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1084.83 | GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.30192) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1084.83 | GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.30178) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 1057.88 | HCP_A3 (x(Pd) 0.03176) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.23391) + GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 810 | GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.77132) + GDPD7 (x(Pd) 0.875) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.8879) |
| GdPd-00Du.tdb | 810 | GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.77131) + GDPD7 (x(Pd) 0.875) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.8879) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/GD/GD-PD.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/GD/GD-PD.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Gd–Pd system (26)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1593 | eutectic: liq. -> βGdPd + βGd3Pd4 | L: Pd 0.53; βGdPd: Pd 0.49; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-LONOHEKYSK` |  |
| 1589 | eutectic: liq. -> βGdPd + βGd3Pd4 | L: Pd 0.5441; βGdPd: Pd 0.4999; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-XRTJCCASSS` |  |
| 1563 | liq. + bcc(Gd) -> hcp(Gd) | L: Pd 0.04; bcc(Gd): Pd 0.01; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.02 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-7ITAWS7DPA` |  |
| 1563 | liq. + bcc(Gd) -> hcp(Gd) | L: Pd 0.0293; bcc(Gd): Pd 0.0129; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.0204 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-LY5QDOCOKZ` |  |
| 1500 | liq. + GdPd3 -> GdPd2 | L: Pd 0.65; GdPd3: Pd 0.75; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 28; `ORC-L6YNSJAYD5` |  |
| 1499 | liq. + GdPd3 -> GdPd2 | L: Pd 0.6545; GdPd3: Pd 0.75; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 27; `ORC-DKTMWJ44AI` |  |
| 1433 | liq. + βGd3Pd4 -> Gd2Pd3 | L: Pd 0.635; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-LY6OJBCLUN` |  |
| 1433 | liq. + βGd3Pd4 -> Gd2Pd3 | L: Pd 0.6286; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-ZNJWRL4KY6` |  |
| 1428 | eutectic: liq. -> Gd2Pd3 + GdPd2 | L: Pd 0.6299; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-4GCSAVCEUE` |  |
| 1425 | eutectic: liq. -> Gd2Pd3 + GdPd2 | L: Pd 0.64; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-34CRK6UHC2` |  |
| 1403 | Gd2Pd3 -> αGd3Pd4 + GdPd2 | Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-AS2R6QT4DO` |  |
| 1403 | Gd2Pd3 -> αGd3Pd4 + GdPd2 | Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-YX4TPEBXNL` |  |
| 1401 | eutectic: liq. -> GdPd3 + fcc(Pd) | L: Pd 0.8506; GdPd3: Pd 0.7847; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.8846 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 31; `ORC-IGISWQRRHS` |  |
| 1401 | eutectic: liq. -> GdPd3 + fcc(Pd) | L: Pd 0.86; GdPd3: Pd 0.79; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.88 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 32; `ORC-IXDS7S7OS5` |  |
| 1311 | liq. + βGdPd -> αGdPd | L: Pd 0.3869; βGdPd: Pd 0.4937; αGdPd: Pd 0.4934 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-U5ARVDPXEH` |  |
| 1311 | liq. + βGdPd -> αGdPd | L: Pd 0.36; βGdPd: Pd 0.48; αGdPd: Pd 0.48 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-XFISH6CNQX` |  |
| 1278 | βGdPd -> αGdPd + αGd3Pd4 | βGdPd: Pd 0.49; αGdPd: Pd 0.49; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-L65I6L2Y5F` |  |
| 1278 | βGdPd -> αGdPd + αGd3Pd4 | βGdPd: Pd 0.5; αGdPd: Pd 0.5; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-RZCGMP6LOM` |  |
| 1155 | liq. + αGdPd -> Gd3Pd2 | L: Pd 0.34; αGdPd: Pd 0.48; Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-56YPFAZR62` |  |
| 1155 | liq. + αGdPd -> Gd3Pd2 | L: Pd 0.3634; αGdPd: Pd 0.4914; Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-D33NHVKN3D` |  |
| 1085 | liq. + Gd3Pd2 -> Gd7Pd3 | Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3019 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-FKGHSJT4P4` |  |
| 1085 | liq. + Gd3Pd2 -> Gd7Pd3 | L: Pd 0.27; Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-JCYXY6WU4V` |  |
| 1058 | eutectic: liq. -> hcp(Gd) + Gd7Pd3 | L: Pd 0.24; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.014; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-225VHWZTMP` |  |
| 1058 | eutectic: liq. -> hcp(Gd) + Gd7Pd3 | L: Pd 0.2339; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.0318; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-D4VX76QIDG` |  |
| 810 | GdPd3 + fcc(Pd) -> GdPd7 | GdPd3: Pd 0.77; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.892; GdPd7: Pd 0.875 | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 34; `ORC-K3B4XFL4TN` |  |
| 810 | GdPd3 + fcc(Pd) -> GdPd7 | GdPd3: Pd 0.7713; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.8879; GdPd7: Pd 0.875 | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 33; `ORC-PYPUFYE4ZH` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Gd–Pd system (7)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Pd2Gd | [GdPd2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GdPd2.html) | -80.498 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -77.954 (oqmd-18407) | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 62; `ORC-2AYD4MHXSZ.1aef6f` |  |
| Pd3Gd | [GdPd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GdPd3.html) | -78.078 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -83.652 (mp-aaaabfsd) | -83.791 (oqmd-18693) | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-EQJV6OCDE2.23b15f` |  |
| Pd3Gd | [GdPd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GdPd3.html) | -48.335 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -83.652 (mp-aaaabfsd) | -83.791 (oqmd-18693) | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 74; `ORC-KHWSXTSBER.0fa8b3` |  |
| Pd4Gd3 | [Gd3Pd4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Gd3Pd4.html) | -82.523 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -87.901 (oqmd-1437083) | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 36; `ORC-6S4N26GZRB.29a1fa` |  |
| Pd7Gd | [GdPd7](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GdPd7.html) | -48.335 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  | -42.984 (oqmd-1376299) | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 74; `ORC-KHWSXTSBER.dfb20f` |  |
| Pd7RE |  | -48.335 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-RNR2L7XGGV.abd54d` |  |
| PdGd | [GdPd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GdPd.html) | -85.265 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -85.094 (mp-aaaaaqxn) | -86.932 (oqmd-30400) | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-F7EFDR7TEK.5c931a` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (8)

Table: Phase transition, Gd–Pd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1578 K | 1578 | βGd3Pd4 -> αGd3Pd4; _βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429_ | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-6SZRYZWJKG` |  |
| Phase transition | 1578 K | 1578 | βGd3Pd4 -> αGd3Pd4; _βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429_ | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-GN4QXNJT2X` |  |
| Phase transition | 1628 K | 1628 | liq. -> βGd3Pd4; _L: Pd 0.571429; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429_ | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-7T2NBUZR56` |  |
| Phase transition | 1629 K | 1629 | liq. -> βGd3Pd4; _L: Pd 0.571429; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429_ | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-52OEVCRUQD` |  |
| Phase transition | 1653 K | 1653 | liq. -> βGdPd; _L: Pd 0.48; βGdPd: Pd 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-EGOJPMM65Y` |  |
| Phase transition | 1654 K | 1654 | liq. -> βGdPd; _βGdPd: Pd 0.4994_ | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-DT6GPRMUFB` |  |
| Phase transition | 1903 K | 1903 | liq. -> GdPd3; _GdPd3: Pd 0.7503_ | model | [1] Du 2000 | Table 3, p. 5, row 29; `ORC-MEO4H5MAK6` |  |
| Phase transition | 1903 K | 1903 | liq. -> GdPd3; _GdPd3: Pd 0.75_ | experimental | [1] Du 2000; _cites Loebich 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2873%2990134-3) | Table 3, p. 5, row 30; `ORC-QUGRUEKRGQ` |  |

### Formation (13)

Table: Formation, Gd–Pd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | 6.446 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Pd2Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.333333, Pd 0.666667_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 62; `ORC-2AYD4MHXSZ.3034a0` |  |
| Entropy of formation | 7.63 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Pd3Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-EQJV6OCDE2.4c20d9` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | 9.402 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Pd3Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 74; `ORC-KHWSXTSBER.4ccfc0` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | 5.79 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Pd4Gd3; _alloy: Gd 0.428571, Pd 0.571429_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 36; `ORC-6S4N26GZRB.791f8c` |  |
| Entropy of formation | 9.402 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Pd7Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 74; `ORC-KHWSXTSBER.540568` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: Entropies of formation_ | 9.402 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Pd7RE; _alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-RNR2L7XGGV.116310` |  |
| Entropy of formation | 8.684 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | PdGd; _alloy: Gd 0.5, Pd 0.5_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-F7EFDR7TEK.88987a` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: Gibbs free energy of formation_ | -82.4199 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | Pd2Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.333333, Pd 0.666667_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 62; `ORC-2AYD4MHXSZ.a2dd4e` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: Gibbs free energy of formation_ | -80.3529 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | Pd3Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-EQJV6OCDE2.382ae7` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -51.1382 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | Pd3Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 74; `ORC-KHWSXTSBER.a03db2` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: Gibbs free energy of formation_ | -84.2493 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | Pd4Gd3; _alloy: Gd 0.428571, Pd 0.571429_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 36; `ORC-6S4N26GZRB.41f6c6` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: Gibbs free energy of formation_ | -51.1382 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | Pd7Gd; _alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 74; `ORC-KHWSXTSBER.115c5e` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔfG_ | -87.8541 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | PdGd; _alloy: Gd 0.5, Pd 0.5_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-F7EFDR7TEK.0f8400` |  |

### Mixing / partial (1)

Table: Mixing / partial, Gd–Pd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gibbs energy of mixing; _printed: Gibbs free Energies_ | -51.1382 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | Pd7RE; _alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875_ | model | [2] Kardellass 2020; _cites Du 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-RNR2L7XGGV.3ceb59` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Zhenmin Du, Haifang Yang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Gd–Pd system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 312, 181-188 (2000). [doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(00)01144-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901144-0)
2. Said Kardellass, Colette Servant, Isabelle Drouelle, Fatima Zahra Chrifi-Alaoui, Mohamed Idbenali, Alyen Abahazem et al., Calphad-type assessment of the Pd-Yb binary system supported by first-principles calculations – Part II: Results, Materials Today: Proceedings 24, 140-150 (2020). [doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.196](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.196)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).