# Ge–Ni system

> Ge–Ni system: 97 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 83, formation 10, phase transition 3, phase equilibrium 1) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-NI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-NI.md

97 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 47, model 44, DFT 6); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 16 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GE-NI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-NI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GE-NI) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-NI/GeNi-10Liu.json) · [phases (15)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-NI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GE-NI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-NI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 47 |
| model | 44 |
| DFT | 6 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 83 |
| phase transition | 3 |
| phase equilibrium | 1 |
| formation | 10 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | Y.Q. Liu, D.J. Ma, Y. Du, J. Alloys Compd., 491, 63-71(2010). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | `a0dfa92b256d22a2863cf66af97f154e8a3466680b367ed308caf2262958eb71` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-NI/GeNi-10Liu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeNi-10Liu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GeNi-10Liu.json) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | S. Jin, C. Leinenbach, J. Wang, L.I. Duarte, S. Delsante, G. Borzone, A. Scott, A. Watson, Calphad, 38, 23-34(2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.003) | `f6986d20b97522e64849eed1681bc30c929a518b00895a645618cbd195ef0208` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-NI/GeNi-12Jin.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeNi-12Jin.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GeNi-12Jin.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1398.91 | GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.76677) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.7673) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.84055) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1389.06 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.73326) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75646) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1389.06 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.73344) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.7565) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1381.73 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.71961) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1381.73 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.71962) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1381.73 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.71969) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1381.48 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.65411) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.71585) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1381.48 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.65413) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.71588) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1357.24 | GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75371) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1357.24 | GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75373) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1357.24 | GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75372) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1325.25 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.51649) + GE12NI19 (x(Ni) 0.60524) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.61981) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1317.71 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.65621) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75252) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1317.71 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.65621) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75252) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1264.81 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.48929) + GE2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.59274) + GE12NI19 (x(Ni) 0.59855) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1130.08 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.43219) + GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) + GE2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.55934) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1033.79 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.32573) + GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 1033.79 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.32558) + GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 788.25 | GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) + GE2NI3_B82 (x(Ni) 0.59932) + GE12NI19 (x(Ni) 0.61272) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 779.07 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.66094) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 779.07 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.66094) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 779.07 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.66094) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) + GENI3_L12 (x(Ni) 0.75) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 661.99 | GE12NI19 (x(Ni) 0.61299) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.62678) + GE3NI5_PRIME (x(Ni) 0.63) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 655.72 | GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) + GE12NI19 (x(Ni) 0.61299) + GE3NI5_PRIME (x(Ni) 0.63) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 564.61 | GE3NI5_PRIME (x(Ni) 0.63) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.64826) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) |
| GeNi-10Liu.tdb | 564.61 | GE3NI5_PRIME (x(Ni) 0.63) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.64826) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1397.89 | L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.76909) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.77205) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.86132) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1391.28 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.72741) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.74868) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1379.53 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.70916) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1379.15 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.64163) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.70787) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1355.44 | GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + GENI3_B32 (x(Ni) 0.744) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.7445) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1317.98 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.6426) + GE2NI5 (x(Ni) 0.72) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.74397) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1128.76 | LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.42964) + GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.55273) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1032.01 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.34151) + GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 1032.01 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ni) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.34145) + GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 778.52 | GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.65143) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) + L12_FCC (x(Ni) 0.74454) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 658.63 | GENI_B31 (x(Ni) 0.5) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.61824) + GE3NI5_PRIME (x(Ni) 0.625) |
| GeNi-12Jin.tdb | 561.48 | GE3NI5_PRIME (x(Ni) 0.625) + GE3NI5_B82 (x(Ni) 0.64415) + GENI2_C37 (x(Ni) 0.665) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/GE/GE-NI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/GE/GE-NI.json) · [CALPHAD hull GeNi-10Liu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/GE/GE-NI--GeNi-10Liu.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ge–Ni system (83)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1459 | congruent melting: L -> Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.371 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 37; `ORC-DMX3VMPLTP` |  |
| 1458 | congruent melting: L -> Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.365 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 36; `ORC-HSIEJNTFKY` |  |
| 1453 | congruent melting: L -> Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.373 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 35; `ORC-CJGJDLYHYF` |  |
| 1428.15 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256, Ni 0.744 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ruttewit 1940_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-JNWEGSDVZO` |  |
| 1428 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256, Ni 0.744 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ruttewit 1940_ | Table 3, p. 8, row 10; `ORC-HZIHKOMEY5` |  |
| 1418.15 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256, Ni 0.744 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-FJ7P3JBLUF` |  |
| 1418 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256, Ni 0.744 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 9; `ORC-AZLXN7FSV3` |  |
| 1405 | congruent melting: L -> βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.24; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 5; `ORC-EJQDANPZ36` |  |
| 1399 | eutectic: L -> (Ni) + βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.232; (Ni): Ge 0.159; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.233 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 3; `ORC-4PW4U64WLQ` |  |
| 1399 | congruent melting: L -> βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.24; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 4; `ORC-NDDYM7DUX3` |  |
| 1399 | congruent melting: L -> βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.233; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 6; `ORC-REMXGO67Y3` |  |
| 1398.85 | eutectic: L -> (Ni) + βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.232; (Ni): Ge 0.159; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.233 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-SQ2E2NXKYF` |  |
| 1398 | eutectic: L -> (Ni) + βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.228; (Ni): Ge 0.139; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.231 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 1; `ORC-OXYZNAZZIO` |  |
| 1397.15 | eutectic: L -> (Ni) + βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.23; (Ni): Ge 0.16; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.233 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-WXKT3G3JAF` |  |
| 1397 | eutectic: L -> (Ni) + βNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.23; (Ni): Ge 0.16; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.233 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 2; `ORC-E4O7BQIEWR` |  |
| 1391.15 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.273; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-LDGT2QLJ34` |  |
| 1391 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.273; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.251; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 7; `ORC-3WFLWSL7K6` |  |
| 1391 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.273; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 8; `ORC-JQAYH52MPB` |  |
| 1389.05 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.267; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.244; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-B3WJR7EH54` |  |
| 1389 | peritectic: L + βNi3Ge -> γNi3Ge | L: Ge 0.267; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.244; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 11; `ORC-CDU3MGECLD` |  |
| 1382 | peritectic: L + γNi3Ge -> δNi5Ge2 | L: Ge 0.28; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 14; `ORC-MTQB6UTH57` |  |
| 1381.65 | peritectic: L + γNi3Ge -> δNi5Ge2 | L: Ge 0.28; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-KSOSEUNRQD` |  |
| 1381.45 | eutectic: L -> δNi5Ge2 + εNi5Ge3 | L: Ge 0.284; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.346 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-U5HQTYJE3C` |  |
| 1381 | eutectic: L -> δNi5Ge2 + Ni5Ge3 | L: Ge 0.284; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.346 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 25; `ORC-3O2HXTKHHE` |  |
| 1380 | peritectic: L + γNi3Ge -> δNi5Ge2 | L: Ge 0.291; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 12; `ORC-KE4FWVBVSL` |  |
| 1379.15 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256, Ni 0.744; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28, Ni 0.72 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-6NGU7AVKMI` |  |
| 1379 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256, Ni 0.744; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28, Ni 0.72 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 17; `ORC-A2E5KRNPMI` |  |
| 1379 | eutectic: L -> δNi5Ge2 + Ni5Ge3 | L: Ge 0.292; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.358 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 23; `ORC-HF65XQWJXY` |  |
| 1375.15 | peritectic: L + γNi3Ge -> δNi5Ge2 | L: Ge 0.289; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-ATYZCMUXWM` |  |
| 1375 | peritectic: L + γNi3Ge -> δNi5Ge2 | L: Ge 0.289; γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 13; `ORC-NE45W72XI6` |  |
| 1372.15 | eutectic: L -> δNi5Ge2 + εNi5Ge3 | L: Ge 0.29; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.336 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-FHZY2WTX6R` |  |
| 1372 | eutectic: L -> δNi5Ge2 + Ni5Ge3 | L: Ge 0.29; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.336 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 24; `ORC-T5C6O2XMI7` |  |
| 1357.15 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.246; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-MZDGGHZC6U` |  |
| 1357 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.246; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 18; `ORC-NAGPDXJXWJ` |  |
| 1355.15 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-42MYOBSCZU` |  |
| 1355 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.255; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 15; `ORC-FJ6HCCEDLA` |  |
| 1355 | eutectoid: γNi3Ge -> βNi3Ge + δNi5Ge2 | γNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 16; `ORC-OBVXUGZF3K` |  |
| 1348.15 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + εNi5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28, Ni 0.72; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ni 0.625 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-4SFRCCICQG` |  |
| 1348 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28, Ni 0.72; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25, Ni 0.75; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ni 0.625 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 21; `ORC-JB4ZBGLR7L` |  |
| 1325.15 | peritectic: L + εNi5Ge3 -> Ni19Ge12 | L: Ge 0.484; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.38; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.395 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-RHEZBPWMDW` |  |
| 1323.15 | peritectic: L + εNi5Ge3 -> Ni19Ge12 | L: Ge 0.455; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.388; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.39 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-DQUUPDSYL5` |  |
| 1318.15 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + εNi5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.336 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-LOOSJAYZMT` |  |
| 1318 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.247; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.344 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 22; `ORC-D33Y33VDCG` |  |
| 1318 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.336 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 20; `ORC-H4XKBYYHPI` |  |
| 1318 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.256; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.357 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 19; `ORC-TUGUWQRUSF` |  |
| 1317.65 | eutectoid: δNi5Ge2 -> βNi3Ge + εNi5Ge3 | δNi5Ge2: Ge 0.28; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.247; εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.344 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-GO7EFD3E3O` |  |
| 1264.75 | peritectic: L + Ni19Ge12 -> Ni3Ge2 | L: Ge 0.511; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.401; Ni3Ge2: Ge 0.407 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-IW27LQWG4I` |  |
| 1263.15 | peritectic: L + Ni19Ge12 -> Ni3Ge2 | L: Ge 0.47; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.415; Ni3Ge2: Ge 0.417 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-TM5HNDFDLY` |  |
| 1130.05 | peritectic: L + Ni3Ge2 -> NiGe | L: Ge 0.568; Ni3Ge2: Ge 0.441; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-ZJ6WKBXD26` |  |
| 1130 | peritectic: εNi5Ge3 + L -> NiGe | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.441; L: Ge 0.568; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 40; `ORC-IN4SXLKIB2` |  |
| 1129 | peritectic: εNi5Ge3 + L -> NiGe | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.447; L: Ge 0.57; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 38; `ORC-MCEWM2JBX7` |  |
| 1123.15 | peritectic: L + ␧Ni5 Ge3 ↔ NiGe |  | experimental | [2] Liu 2010 | p. 2; `ORC-2S76TR2ZCP` | “The NiGe phase, which is formed by the peritectic reaction L + ␧Ni5 Ge3 ↔ NiGe at 850 ◦ C, is only found with a stoichiometric composition 50 at.% Ge.” |
| 1123.15 | peritectic: L + Ni3Ge2 -> NiGe | L: Ge 0.545; Ni3Ge2: Ge 0.45; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-R4SSQJXKK2` |  |
| 1123 | peritectic: εNi5Ge3 + L -> NiGe | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.45; L: Ge 0.545; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 39; `ORC-3FURADAZTD` |  |
| 1048.15 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + Ge | NiGe: Ge 0.5, Ni 0.5 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ruttewit 1940_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-2LR6JVTQU7` |  |
| 1048 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + (Ge) | NiGe: Ge 0.5, Ni 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ruttewit 1940_ | Table 3, p. 8, row 46; `ORC-TNZV5US2MR` |  |
| 1035.15 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + Ge | L: Ge 0.67; NiGe: Ge 0.5; Ge: Ge 1 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 24; `ORC-LIFNKOTEEC` |  |
| 1035 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + (Ge) | L: Ge 0.67; NiGe: Ge 0.5; (Ge): Ge 1 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 45; `ORC-5PPJMWZGKJ` |  |
| 1035 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + (Ge) | L: Ge 0.674; NiGe: Ge 0.5; (Ge): Ge 1 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 47; `ORC-S3CV5IFLEQ` |  |
| 1033.75 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + Ge | L: Ge 0.674; NiGe: Ge 0.5; Ge: Ge 1 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 25; `ORC-GPSOSQQQ45` |  |
| 1032 | eutectic: L -> NiGe + (Ge) | L: Ge 0.659; NiGe: Ge 0.5; (Ge): Ge 1 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 44; `ORC-ZFBSTJOPZE` |  |
| 788.25 | eutectoid: Ni3Ge2 -> Ni19Ge12 + NiGe | Ni3Ge2: Ge 0.401; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.387; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 27; `ORC-5FNCWQBT4F` |  |
| 788.15 | eutectoid: Ni3Ge2 -> Ni19Ge12 + NiGe | Ni3Ge2: Ge 0.396; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.392; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 26; `ORC-WP73UW5PGF` |  |
| 779.15 | peritectoid: εNi5Ge3 + βNi3Ge -> Ni2Ge | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.345; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 28; `ORC-DIAQMRJ5RQ` |  |
| 779.05 | peritectoid: εNi5Ge3 + βNi3Ge -> Ni2Ge | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.339; βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 29; `ORC-SNGGRZRJHT` |  |
| 779 | peritectoid: βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.255; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.349; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 26; `ORC-5QPOYP3LEY` |  |
| 779 | peritectoid: βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.339; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 28; `ORC-E7ETIF7MZK` |  |
| 779 | peritectoid: βNi3Ge + Ni5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge | βNi3Ge: Ge 0.25; Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.339; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 27; `ORC-EWUCRFVENR` |  |
| 671 | congruent transformation: Ni5Ge3 -> ε′Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ni 0.625 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 34; `ORC-5OC2TEOSLQ` |  |
| 671 | congruent transformation: Ni5Ge3 -> ε′Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.374; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ni 0.625 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 33; `ORC-MZRVQ4MUUQ` |  |
| 667.15 | eutectoid: εNi5Ge3 -> Ni19Ge12 + ε'Ni5Ge3 | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.377; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.38 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 30; `ORC-JJTKVJO2UU` |  |
| 667 | congruent transformation: Ni5Ge3 -> ε′Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ni 0.625 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 32; `ORC-CNQXIEHQ52` |  |
| 661.95 | eutectoid: εNi5Ge3 -> Ni19Ge12 + ε'Ni5Ge3 | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.373; Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.387 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 31; `ORC-HQ7BIOCEYI` |  |
| 659 | eutectoid: Ni5Ge3 -> ε′Ni5Ge3 + NiGe | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.382; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 41; `ORC-NO3SKGLU2T` |  |
| 656 | eutectoid: Ni5Ge3 -> ε′Ni5Ge3 + NiGe | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.387; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 43; `ORC-ZG3ULHX62L` |  |
| 655.75 | eutectoid: Ni19Ge12 -> NiGe + ε'Ni5Ge3 | Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.387; NiGe: Ge 0.5; ε'Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 33; `ORC-BAI3VJXZLK` |  |
| 655.15 | eutectoid: Ni19Ge12 -> NiGe + ε'Ni5Ge3 | Ni19Ge12: Ge 0.382; NiGe: Ge 0.5; ε'Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.376 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 32; `ORC-W5BAI4MICK` |  |
| 655 | eutectoid: Ni5Ge3 -> ε′Ni5Ge3 + NiGe | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.382; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.376; NiGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 42; `ORC-BXSBIKDRTK` |  |
| 565 | eutectoid: Ni5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge + ε′Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.352; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37 | model | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Liu 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036) | Table 3, p. 8, row 31; `ORC-D6VS4SLSUE` |  |
| 564.65 | eutectoid: εNi5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge + ε'Ni5Ge3 | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.352; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335; ε'Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37 | model | [2] Liu 2010 | Table 3, p. 6, row 35; `ORC-2HL6FFSCEN` |  |
| 563.15 | eutectoid: εNi5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge + ε'Ni5Ge3 | εNi5Ge3: Ge 0.363; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335; ε'Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37 | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 6, row 34; `ORC-HKKSZVFGJC` |  |
| 563 | eutectoid: Ni5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge + ε′Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.363; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.37 | experimental | [1] Jin 2012; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | Table 3, p. 8, row 30; `ORC-PUPY4C66RX` |  |
| 562 | eutectoid: Ni5Ge3 -> Ni2Ge + ε′Ni5Ge3 | Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.356; Ni2Ge: Ge 0.335; ε′Ni5Ge3: Ge 0.375 | model | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 3, p. 8, row 29; `ORC-R7YLXGUCAE` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ge–Ni system (10)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ni19Ge12 (Ni5Ge3) |  | -32.5 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-MKF7TMWQTB` |  |
| Ni2Ge |  | -33.1 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-542I3IIM2A` |  |
| Ni3Ge2 (Ni5Ge3) | [Ge2Ni3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge2Ni3.html) | -34 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  | -30.984 (oqmd-1797418) | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-ELL4334YH7` |  |
| NiGe |  | -34.9 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-H36NM3IAU7` |  |
| NiGe | [GeNi](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeNi.html) | -30 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -29.425 (mp-aaaaabqh) | -30.317 (oqmd-646855) | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 14; `ORC-BNWLH4K7HF` |  |
| βNi3Ge | [GeNi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeNi3.html) | -35 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -27.983 (mp-aaaabfca) | -29.066 (oqmd-2169777) | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-NQJBH3SWWI` |  |
| βNi3Ge |  | -31.6 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-4JQQ3TFAUG` |  |
| δNi5Ge2 |  | -30.3 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-Y27QEAKELW` |  |
| ε'Ni5Ge3 |  | -33.8 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-YH7G2WPY74.c322d4` |  |
| εNi5Ge3 (Ni5Ge3) | [Ge3Ni5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Ni5.html) | -37 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -30.009 (mp-aaaaaccy) | -31.355 (oqmd-647287) | [1] Jin 2012 | Table 1, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-JDYYCDK4OI` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (3)

Table: Phase transition, Ge–Ni system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 779.15 K | 779.15 | ␧Ni5 Ge3 + ␤Ni3 Ge ↔ Ni2 Ge | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Ellner 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2871%2990164-0) | p. 1; `ORC-U7WTCTM4EU` | “The intermediate compound Ni2 Ge, reported as Ni2 Ge(r) phase in Ref. \[12\], is formed via the peritectoid reaction ␧Ni5 Ge3 + ␤Ni3 Ge ↔ Ni2 Ge at 506 ◦ C.” |
| Phase transition | 1405.15 K | 1405.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | p. 2; `ORC-2MCFFARNEP.ce238c` | “Contradictory to the proposed peritectic formation of ␤Ni3 Ge at 1161 ◦ C by Ruttewit and Masing \[14\], Dayer and Feschotte \[13\] reported that ␤Ni3 Ge, with homogeneity range from 22.5 to 25 at.% Ge, melts congruently at 1132 ◦ C and undergoes the eutectic reaction L ↔ (Ni) + ␤Ni3 Ge at 1124 ◦ C.” |
| Phase transition | 1458.15 K | 1458.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [2] Liu 2010; _cites Dayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990252-0) | p. 2; `ORC-AYX2AQCL2N` | “The non-stoichiometric compound ␧Ni5 Ge3 melts congruently at 1185 ◦ C \[13\], which is around 33 ◦ C lower than that reported by Ellner et al. \[12\].” |

### Phase equilibrium (1)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Ge–Ni system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase assemblage |  | 1288 | Liquid + Ni5Ge3; _alloy: Ge 0.45_ | model | [1] Jin 2012 | p. 9; `ORC-UVHAGOLKPN` | “It should be noted that Liquid and Ni5Ge3 coexist at 45 at% Ge and 1288 K, which will lead to an error in the measurement at this composition.” |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Shan Jin, Christian Leinenbach, Jiang Wang, Liliana I. Duarte, Simona Delsante, Gabriella Borzone et al., Thermodynamic study and re-assessment of the Ge-Ni system, Calphad 38, 23-34 (2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.003)
2. Y.Q. Liu, D.J. Ma, Y. Du, Thermodynamic modeling of the germanium–nickel system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 491, 63-71 (2010). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.036)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).