# Ge–P system

> Ge–P system: 41 accepted literature values (crystal structure 18, formation 17, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 5, invariant reaction 1) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-P.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-P.md

41 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 14, model 9, DFT 17, unspecified 1); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 1 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GE-P.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-P.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GE-P) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-P/GeP-21Don.json) · [phases (8)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-P.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GE-P.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-P.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 14 |
| model | 9 |
| DFT | 17 |
| unspecified | 1 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 1 |
| formation | 17 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 5 |
| crystal structure | 18 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| GeP-21Don.tdb | H. Dong, X. Tao, M. Paulasto-Krockel, J. Electron. Mater., 50, 4272-88(2021). [doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4) | `e3a892ddc27c212777cacd4787f0d45cda2d7ce6dc4375cc2a69da0e1a08c3b6` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-P/GeP-21Don.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeP-21Don.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GeP-21Don.json) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | S. Chen, J. Wang, S. Yu, B. Hu, Q. Wu, Y. Du, J. Electron. Mater., 51, 2114-30(2022). [doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1) | `3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d744d68c0e8a9eb6f7cf2c49d87a27d84759933a481f77c56` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-P/GeP-22Che.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeP-22Che.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GeP-22Che.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| GeP-21Don.tdb | 1002 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(P) 0.00248) + GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.62661) |
| GeP-21Don.tdb | 1002 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(P) 0.00248) + GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.6265) |
| GeP-21Don.tdb | 844.95 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.97546) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-21Don.tdb | 844.95 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.97562) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-21Don.tdb | 844.95 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.97567) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-21Don.tdb | 844.95 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.97567) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 990.22 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(P) 0) + GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.59679) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 990.22 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(P) 0) + GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.59634) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 990.22 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(P) 0) + GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.59623) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 841.27 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.96512) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 841.27 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.96553) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 841.27 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.96556) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |
| GeP-22Che.tdb | 841.27 | GEP (x(P) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(P) 0.96556) + RED_P (x(P) 1) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/GE/GE-P.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/GE/GE-P.json) · [CALPHAD hull GeP-21Don](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/GE/GE-P--GeP-21Don.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ge–P system (1)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 998.15 | peritectic: liquid + Ge → GeP |  | experimental | [1] Dong 2021 | p. 3; `ORC-ATBQGR56KK` | “The T - x diagram includes the liquidus boundaries and two invariant reactions, i.e. (i) peritectic reaction of liquid + Ge → GeP at 725°C (liquid composition ~ 63 at.% P), and (ii) an undefined invariant reaction involving liquid, P and GeP.” |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ge–P system (17)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ge1P1 | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -13.82 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [1] Dong 2021 | Table II, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-JNA7PDKMQ2.8cc84f` |  |
| Ge1P1 | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -13.6 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Barin 1977_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02293-1) | Table II, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-67FUWETMMC.0d66d3` |  |
| Ge1P1 | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -12.56 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Zumbusch 1939_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392420304) | Table II, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-KZ6SOQYB5E` |  |
| Ge1P1 |  | -12.19 per mol-atom ± 1.5 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Suess 1982_ | Table II, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-PMOEVUHUWB.196093` |  |
| Ge1P1 | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -10.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Lide 2005_ | Table II, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-THZKCHGMJH.5d4e3b` |  |
| GeP |  | -11.4818 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-KIZ26JNI5Y.26d3bc` |  |
| GeP |  | -11.48 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-KIZ26JNI5Y.61dcf9` |  |
| GeP | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -11.442 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [2] Chen 2022 | Table II, p. 3, row 51; `ORC-GPEQGVYTET.cad93e` |  |
| GeP | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -11.44 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [2] Chen 2022; _cites Saal 2013_ | Table II, p. 3, row 48; `ORC-XUKMNJEPBE.b70504` |  |
| GeP |  | -3.86 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Curtarolo 2012_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.02.005) | Table I, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-VUDQAQ6TKN.8f8f0b` |  |
| GeP |  | -3.85941 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Curtarolo 2012_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.02.005) | Table I, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-VUDQAQ6TKN.421dae` |  |
| GeP | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | -0.17 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | unspecified | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [2] Chen 2022 | Table II, p. 3, row 50; `ORC-B4ZPZWNHDX.377259` |  |
| GeP |  | -0.072364 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-5MU3HAE6OV.03cdec` |  |
| GeP |  | -0.072 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-5MU3HAE6OV.c3f056` |  |
| GeP | [GeP](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeP.html) | 1.44 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model | 0.383 (mp-aaackifz) | -11.483 (oqmd-1349377) | [2] Chen 2022; _cites ref. 36_ | Table II, p. 3, row 49; `ORC-6TKVKGZUN7.67693c` |  |
| GeP |  | 1.44728 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Jain 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323) | Table I, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-X4DR5DTOTT.175ce7` |  |
| GeP |  | 1.45 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Jain 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323) | Table I, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-X4DR5DTOTT.11538e` |  |

## Other properties

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (5)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Ge–P system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: S298 0_ | 30.54 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Ge1P1; _alloy: P 0.5_ | model | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Barin 1977_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02293-1) | Table II, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-67FUWETMMC.d7d176` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298 0_ | 26.42 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Ge1P1; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Ugai 1979_ | Table II, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-B7SZWQWZ6C` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298 0_ | 25.57 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Ge1P1; _alloy: P 0.5_ | model | [1] Dong 2021 | Table II, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-JNA7PDKMQ2.e50283` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S0_298_ | 27.64 per mol-atom ± 3.32 | 298.15 | Ge1P1; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Suess 1982_ | Table II, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-PMOEVUHUWB.545eb7` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298 0_ | 31.5 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | Ge1P1; _alloy: P 0.5_ | model | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Lide 2005_ | Table II, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-THZKCHGMJH.4800e6` |  |

### Crystal structure (18)

Table: Crystal structure, Ge–P system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.5183 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Jain 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323) | Table I, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-7GYKDIQ23X.9d4c9c` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.1948 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-ITJCGBKXB7.1c6041` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.334 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-PJ6A4PN7UK.6f0347` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.1948 Å |  | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Lee 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2014.04.021) | Table I, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-UFMWNI7XUK.d5477f` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.14 Å |  | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Wadsten 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593) | Table I, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-VNG5TT3PFA.a80393` |  |
| Lattice a | 15.334 Å | 298.15 | GeP; _alloy: Ge 0.5, P 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Chen 2022; _cites Wadsten 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593) | Table I, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-WXGDPWQSBY.5f4905` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 3.68332 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Jain 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323) | Table I, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-7GYKDIQ23X.d20904` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 3.6337 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-ITJCGBKXB7.5d9ab2` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 3.669 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-PJ6A4PN7UK.3e2859` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 3.6337 Å |  | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Lee 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2014.04.021) | Table I, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-UFMWNI7XUK.fde2c1` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 3.638 Å |  | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Wadsten 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593) | Table I, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-VNG5TT3PFA.c61bef` |  |
| Lattice b | 3.669 Å | 298.15 | GeP; _alloy: Ge 0.5, P 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Chen 2022; _cites Wadsten 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593) | Table I, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-WXGDPWQSBY.f0510e` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 9.39563 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Jain 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323) | Table I, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-7GYKDIQ23X.5ae84f` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 9.1941 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-ITJCGBKXB7.b1cdbe` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 9.095 Å | 0 | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-PJ6A4PN7UK.b20720` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 9.1941 Å |  | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Lee 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2014.04.021) | Table I, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-UFMWNI7XUK.a1e453` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 9.19 Å |  | GeP; _alloy: P 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Dong 2021; _cites Wadsten 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593) | Table I, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-VNG5TT3PFA.695fdf` |  |
| Lattice c | 9.274 Å | 298.15 | GeP; _alloy: Ge 0.5, P 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Chen 2022; _cites Wadsten 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593) | Table I, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-WXGDPWQSBY.c5da36` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021). [doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4)
2. Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022). [doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).