# Ge–Y system

> Ge–Y system: 60 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 28, formation 23, phase transition 9) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-Y.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-Y.md

60 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 26, model 34); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 2 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/GE-Y.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-Y.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#GE-Y) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-Y/GeY-13Idb.json) · [phases (14)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-Y.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/GE-Y.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-Y.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 26 |
| model | 34 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 28 |
| phase transition | 9 |
| formation | 23 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | M. Idbenali, C. Servant, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 111, 911-16(2013). [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) | `06a372a4f32faf120821f330a7702cab696f4e92fb451f414368f8042f13493a` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#GE-Y/GeY-13Idb.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeY-13Idb.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/GeY-13Idb.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2215.33 | GE4Y5 (x(Y) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.57356) + GE3Y5_D88 (x(Y) 0.625) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2215.33 | GE4Y5 (x(Y) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.57339) + GE3Y5_D88 (x(Y) 0.625) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2215.33 | GE4Y5 (x(Y) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.57394) + GE3Y5_D88 (x(Y) 0.625) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2157.47 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.47799) + GE10Y11 (x(Y) 0.52381) + GE4Y5 (x(Y) 0.55556) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2157.46 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.47776) + GE10Y11 (x(Y) 0.52381) + GE4Y5 (x(Y) 0.55556) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2008.97 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.39879) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) + GE10Y11 (x(Y) 0.52381) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2008.97 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.39871) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) + GE10Y11 (x(Y) 0.52381) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 2008.97 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.39892) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) + GE10Y11 (x(Y) 0.52381) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1735.74 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.97305) + BCC_A2 (x(Y) 0.99709) + HCP_A3 (x(Y) 1) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1732.57 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.31451) + GE3Y2_HT (x(Y) 0.4) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1732.57 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.31445) + GE3Y2_HT (x(Y) 0.4) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1732.57 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.31467) + GE3Y2_HT (x(Y) 0.4) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1707.4 | GE3Y2_HT (x(Y) 0.4) + GE3Y2_C32 (x(Y) 0.4) + GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1707.4 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.30352) + GE3Y2_C32 (x(Y) 0.4) + GE3Y2_HT (x(Y) 0.4) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1707.4 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.30331) + GE3Y2_HT (x(Y) 0.4) + GE3Y2_C32 (x(Y) 0.4) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1549.61 | GE3Y5_D88 (x(Y) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.90517) + HCP_A3 (x(Y) 1) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1177.32 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.16179) + GE5Y3_CC (x(Y) 0.375) + GE3Y2_C32 (x(Y) 0.4) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1177.32 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.16176) + GE5Y3_CC (x(Y) 0.375) + GE3Y2_C32 (x(Y) 0.4) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1132.58 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.15153) + GE2Y (x(Y) 0.33333) + GE5Y3_CC (x(Y) 0.375) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1130.45 | LIQUID (x(Y) 0.15093) + GE7Y2 (x(Y) 0.22222) + GE2Y (x(Y) 0.33333) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1112.3 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Y) 0) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.13854) + GE7Y2 (x(Y) 0.22222) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1112.3 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Y) 0) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.13839) + GE7Y2 (x(Y) 0.22222) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1112.3 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Y) 0) + LIQUID (x(Y) 0.13853) + GE7Y2 (x(Y) 0.22222) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1031.26 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Y) 0) + GE7Y2 (x(Y) 0.22222) + GE2Y (x(Y) 0.33333) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 1028.66 | DIAMOND_A4 (x(Y) 0) + GE2Y (x(Y) 0.33333) + GE5Y3_CC (x(Y) 0.375) |
| GeY-13Idb.tdb | 510.28 | GEY_B33 (x(Y) 0.5) + GE10Y11 (x(Y) 0.52381) + GE4Y5 (x(Y) 0.55556) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/GE/GE-Y.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/GE/GE-Y.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ge–Y system (28)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2218 | Ge4Y5 -> Liq + Ge3Y5 | Ge4Y5: Y 0.555556; L: Y 0.552; Ge3Y5: Y 0.625 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-7A3HZXXEBP` |  |
| 2214 | Ge4Y5 -> Liq + Ge3Y5 | Ge4Y5: Y 0.555556; L: Y 0.572; Ge3Y5: Y 0.625 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-NNQG4QO7EA` |  |
| 2173 | Ge10Y11 -> Liq + Ge4Y5 | Ge10Y11: Y 0.52381; L: Y 0.498; Ge4Y5: Y 0.555556 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-UMF4PSAIZD` |  |
| 2157 | Ge10Y11 -> Liq + Ge4Y5 | Ge10Y11: Y 0.52381; L: Y 0.477; Ge4Y5: Y 0.555556 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 18; `ORC-7SHH3PSWFL` |  |
| 2003 | GeY -> Liq + Ge10Y11 | GeY: Y 0.5; L: Y 0.396; Ge10Y11: Y 0.52381 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-5ZKSD3NCGF` |  |
| 2003 | GeY -> Liq + Ge10Y11 | GeY: Y 0.5; L: Y 0.44; Ge10Y11: Y 0.52381 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-XTDVNMGJHL` |  |
| 1736 | HCP -> BCC + Liq | L: Y 0.973 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 26; `ORC-WMCYDU4NPO` |  |
| 1733 | Ge1.5Y-HT -> GeY + Liq | Ge1.5Y-HT: Y 0.4; GeY: Y 0.5; L: Y 0.314 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-3PPBHHZ3N6` |  |
| 1733 | HCP -> BCC + Liq | L: Y 0.97 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 25; `ORC-XYHIQJUE2R` |  |
| 1732 | Ge1.5Y-HT -> GeY + Liq | Ge1.5Y-HT: Y 0.4; GeY: Y 0.5; L: Y 0.384 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-TYZD4RLALQ` |  |
| 1707 | Ge1.5Y-HT + Liq -> Ge1.5Y-LT | Ge1.5Y-HT: Y 0.4; L: Y 0.491; Ge1.5Y-LT: Y 0.4 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 28; `ORC-FSSPIHBCFH` |  |
| 1707 | Ge1.5Y-HT + GeY -> Ge1.5Y-LT | Ge1.5Y-HT: Y 0.303; GeY: Y 0.5; Ge1.5Y-LT: Y 0.4 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 30; `ORC-WAFP7PTHPL` |  |
| 1703 | Ge1.5Y-HT + Liq -> Ge1.5Y-LT | Ge1.5Y-HT: Y 0.4; L: Y 0.366; Ge1.5Y-LT: Y 0.4 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 27; `ORC-223JF5SMDC` |  |
| 1703 | Ge1.5Y-HT + GeY -> Ge1.5Y-LT | Ge1.5Y-HT: Y 0.384; GeY: Y 0.5; Ge1.5Y-LT: Y 0.4 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 29; `ORC-JZGVORVATA` |  |
| 1553 | eutectic: Liq -> HCP + Ge3Y5 | L: Y 0.88; Ge3Y5: Y 0.625 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-KOIDVHK3EJ` |  |
| 1550 | eutectic: Liq -> HCP + Ge3Y5 | L: Y 0.905; Ge3Y5: Y 0.625 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 24; `ORC-DJZWAR26PV` |  |
| 1181 | Ge5Y3 -> Liq + Ge1.5Y-LT | Ge5Y3: Y 0.375; L: Y 0.164; Ge1.5Y-LT: Y 0.4 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-ANW2VSXSZF` |  |
| 1177 | Ge5Y3 -> Liq + Ge1.5Y-LT | Ge5Y3: Y 0.375; L: Y 0.161; Ge1.5Y-LT: Y 0.4 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-4GB6AEOCRR` |  |
| 1163 | Ge2Y -> Liq + Ge5Y3 | Ge2Y: Y 0.333333; L: Y 0.152; Ge5Y3: Y 0.375 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-JUVDUPRXXM` |  |
| 1150 | Ge2Y -> Liq + Ge5Y3 | Ge2Y: Y 0.333333; L: Y 0.155; Ge5Y3: Y 0.375 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-5EMKOVTXWZ` |  |
| 1133 | Ge7Y2 -> Ge2Y + Liq | Ge7Y2: Y 0.222222; Ge2Y: Y 0.333333; L: Y 0.142 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-LH4J25DVW3` |  |
| 1132 | Ge7Y2 -> Ge2Y + Liq | Ge7Y2: Y 0.222222; Ge2Y: Y 0.333333; L: Y 0.15 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-PRD7BQDVUP` |  |
| 1113 | (Ge) + Ge7Y2 -> Liq | (Ge): Y 0; Ge7Y2: Y 0.222222; L: Y 0.137 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-NFCTOUWI5H` |  |
| 1093 | (Ge) + Ge7Y2 -> Liq | (Ge): Y 0; Ge7Y2: Y 0.222222; L: Y 0.119 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-YARWBXQ6SC` |  |
| 1033 | Ge7Y2 -> Ge2Y + (Ge) | Ge7Y2: Y 0.222222; Ge2Y: Y 0.333333; (Ge): Y 0 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-RGRXIZAJOF` |  |
| 1031 | Ge7Y2 -> Ge2Y + (Ge) | Ge7Y2: Y 0.222222; Ge2Y: Y 0.333333; (Ge): Y 0 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-4ADVCGE7LW` |  |
| 985 | (Ge) + Ge5Y3 -> Ge2Y | (Ge): Y 0; Ge5Y3: Y 0.375; Ge2Y: Y 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-KBKWXR2YTC` |  |
| 982 | (Ge) + Ge5Y3 -> Ge2Y | (Ge): Y 0; Ge5Y3: Y 0.375; Ge2Y: Y 0.333333 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-OCBH7TSOPU` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ge–Y system (23)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ge1.5Y-HT | [Ge3Y2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y2.html) | -84.1 kJ/mol-atom ± 3.7 | 870 | experimental | -48.013 (mp-aaacreze) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Polotskaya 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01328840) | Table 4, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-RI6VYY37IO` |  |
| Ge1.5Y-HT | [Ge3Y2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y2.html) | -83.025 kJ/mol-atom | 2985 | model | -48.013 (mp-aaacreze) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-RST5NCXGI2` |  |
| Ge1.5Y-HT | [Ge3Y2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y2.html) | -67.903 kJ/mol-atom | 870 | model | -48.013 (mp-aaacreze) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-ZDYRZRBR74` |  |
| Ge1.5Y-LT | [Ge3Y2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y2.html) | -84.785 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -48.013 (mp-aaacreze) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-6UUQPNTJHT` |  |
| Ge1.5Y-LT | [Ge3Y2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y2.html) | -77.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 3.4 | 870 | experimental | -48.013 (mp-aaacreze) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Polotskaya 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01328840) | Table 4, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-H3B5YMIPGG` |  |
| Ge1.5Y-LT | [Ge3Y2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y2.html) | -69.664 kJ/mol-atom | 870 | model | -48.013 (mp-aaacreze) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-JYO2UHLPL5` |  |
| Ge10Y11 | [Ge10Y11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge10Y11.html) | -104.82 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -84.382 (mp-aaacqssw) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-EHMM7EL32N` |  |
| Ge10Y11 | [Ge10Y11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge10Y11.html) | -100.5 kJ/mol-atom ± 5.2 | 870 | experimental | -84.382 (mp-aaacqssw) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Polotskaya 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01328840) | Table 4, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-MTOZX36FPH` |  |
| Ge10Y11 | [Ge10Y11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge10Y11.html) | -89.461 kJ/mol-atom | 870 | model | -84.382 (mp-aaacqssw) |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-7EU2G5GVD7` |  |
| Ge2Y | [Ge2Y](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge2Y.html) | -69.577 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -51.377 (mp-aaaaapcv) | -59.996 (oqmd-1795069) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-LM3SEYWDWH` |  |
| Ge3Y5 | [Ge3Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y5.html) | -109.7 kJ/mol-atom ± 5.7 | 298.15 | experimental | -80.391 (mp-aaaabagt) | -80.471 (oqmd-10313) | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Jung 1991_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2891%2990237-x) | Table 4, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-UUJZLVGK7T` |  |
| Ge3Y5 | [Ge3Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y5.html) | -107.41 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -80.391 (mp-aaaabagt) | -80.471 (oqmd-10313) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-4XWIOXD3WU` |  |
| Ge3Y5 | [Ge3Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y5.html) | -91.861 kJ/mol-atom | 870 | model | -80.391 (mp-aaaabagt) | -80.471 (oqmd-10313) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-XKKEQRSSPL` |  |
| Ge3Y5 | [Ge3Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge3Y5.html) | -89.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 5 | 298.15 | experimental | -80.391 (mp-aaaabagt) | -80.471 (oqmd-10313) | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Safonov 1985_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-TDHGQYIQM4` |  |
| Ge4Y5 | [Ge4Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge4Y5.html) | -109.55 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -84.954 (mp-aaaaattw) | -85.431 (oqmd-124138) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-NMVAH6A2GI` |  |
| Ge4Y5 | [Ge4Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge4Y5.html) | -102.5 kJ/mol-atom ± 5.5 | 870 | experimental | -84.954 (mp-aaaaattw) | -85.431 (oqmd-124138) | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Polotskaya 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01328840) | Table 4, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-4MD2AAB5KO` |  |
| Ge4Y5 | [Ge4Y5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge4Y5.html) | -94.131 kJ/mol-atom | 870 | model | -84.954 (mp-aaaaattw) | -85.431 (oqmd-124138) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-C2ZVNJP6SL` |  |
| Ge5Y3 | [Ge5Y3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ge5Y3.html) | -79.834 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -69.583 (mp-aaaaazik) | -69.416 (oqmd-1795285) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-6KXKK3WIMC` |  |
| Ge7Y2 |  | -42.349 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-NYPXCWFX6I` |  |
| GeY | [GeY](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeY.html) | -108.8 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -86.308 (mp-aaaaaotn) | -86.397 (oqmd-7938) | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Miedema 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2876%2990180-6) | Table 4, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-3QPZJHNZRO` |  |
| GeY | [GeY](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeY.html) | -101.53 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -86.308 (mp-aaaaaotn) | -86.397 (oqmd-7938) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-BY7MFNZSRG` |  |
| GeY | [GeY](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeY.html) | -98 kJ/mol-atom ± 4.9 | 870 | experimental | -86.308 (mp-aaaaaotn) | -86.397 (oqmd-7938) | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Polotskaya 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01328840) | Table 4, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-DQG43PSM63` |  |
| GeY | [GeY](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/GeY.html) | -86.218 kJ/mol-atom | 870 | model | -86.308 (mp-aaaaaotn) | -86.397 (oqmd-7938) | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 4, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-UOWIL6JQNK` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (9)

Table: Phase transition, Ge–Y system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1093 K | 1093 | (Ge) ? Ge7Y2 , Liq | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | p. 4; `ORC-WNPOC655LB.f68cf8` | “The temperature of invariant reactions fits well the experiments \[1\] except both the temperature of the invariant reaction: (Ge) ? Ge7Y2 , Liq (calculated 1113 K, measured 1093 K) and Ge10Y11 , Liq ? Ge4Y5 (calculated 2157 K, measured 2173 K).” |
| Phase transition | 1113 K | 1113 | (Ge) ? Ge7Y2 , Liq | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | p. 4; `ORC-WNPOC655LB.718062` | “The temperature of invariant reactions fits well the experiments \[1\] except both the temperature of the invariant reaction: (Ge) ? Ge7Y2 , Liq (calculated 1113 K, measured 1093 K) and Ge10Y11 , Liq ? Ge4Y5 (calculated 2157 K, measured 2173 K).” |
| Phase transition | 1703 K | 1703 | polymorphic | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | p. 1; `ORC-4L3NPVJBXE` | “A polymorphic transition (Ge1.5Y_LT , Ge1.5Y_HT) was determined at 1703 K for Ge1.5Y in \[1\].” |
| Phase transition | 1710 K | 1710 | polymorphic | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | p. 4; `ORC-HAIIVAVCC7` | “It is necessary to use all the digits of the optimized parameters listed in Table 3 for the calculation of the polymorphic transition temperature between the polytypes at T = 1710 K.” |
| Phase transition | 2157 K | 2157 | Ge10Y11 , Liq ? Ge4Y5 | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | p. 4; `ORC-WNPOC655LB.a0adbb` | “The temperature of invariant reactions fits well the experiments \[1\] except both the temperature of the invariant reaction: (Ge) ? Ge7Y2 , Liq (calculated 1113 K, measured 1093 K) and Ge10Y11 , Liq ? Ge4Y5 (calculated 2157 K, measured 2173 K).” |
| Phase transition | 2173 K | 2173 | Ge10Y11 , Liq ? Ge4Y5 | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | p. 4; `ORC-WNPOC655LB.4c3a69` | “The temperature of invariant reactions fits well the experiments \[1\] except both the temperature of the invariant reaction: (Ge) ? Ge7Y2 , Liq (calculated 1113 K, measured 1093 K) and Ge10Y11 , Liq ? Ge4Y5 (calculated 2157 K, measured 2173 K).” |
| Phase transition | 2238 K | 2238 | Ge3Y5 -> Liq; _Ge3Y5: Y 0.625; L: Y 0.625_ | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013; _cites Schmidt 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2872%2990008-2) | Table 3, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-MQ5F46FIIT` |  |
| Phase transition | 2238 K | 2238 | congruent melting | experimental | [1] Idbenali 2013 | p. 1; `ORC-EPGGORAZO3` | “For the Ge3Y5 compound, a congruent melting was determined at 2238 K; for the Ge4Y5, Ge10Y11, GeY, Ge1.5Y-LT, Ge1.5Y-HT, Ge5Y3, Ge2Y and Ge7Y2 compounds, a peritectic formation was reported, respectively, at 2218, 2173, 2003, 1733, 1183, 1153, and 1133 K see Fig. 1.” |
| Phase transition | 2241 K | 2241 | Ge3Y5 -> Liq; _Ge3Y5: Y 0.625; L: Y 0.625_ | model | [1] Idbenali 2013 | Table 3, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-ILFIJBPG6Q` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013). [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).