# Li–Sn system

> Li–Sn system: 181 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 71, formation 36, phase equilibrium 28, crystal structure 23) and 3 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/LI-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/LI-SN.md

181 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 127, model 52, unspecified 2); 3 calculated phase diagram(s). 34 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/LI-SN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/LI-SN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#LI-SN) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#LI-SN/LiSn-05Yin-LB.json) · [phases (15)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/LI-SN.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/LI-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/LI-SN.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 127 |
| model | 52 |
| unspecified | 2 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 71 |
| phase transition | 21 |
| phase equilibrium | 28 |
| formation | 36 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 2 |
| crystal structure | 23 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | F. Yin, X. Su, Z. Li, J. Wang, J. Alloys Compd., 393, 105-8(2005). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047) | `71144325a80cb495e4e3e75a5eedfd7fd4823d951e6d38b3bd9b535494fa702c` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#LI-SN/LiSn-05Yin-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/LiSn-05Yin-LB.json) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002) | `917e7098d5e1cf012c2defc92d4b63722099b895c26f0761cf97193ccb589e0a` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#LI-SN/LiSn-06Du.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/LiSn-06Du.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/LiSn-06Du.json) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | D. Li, S. Fuertauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Calphad, 47, 181-95(2014). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002) | `d9e6b25b55ac0666fb5acedd69a46cb2e416b3cfa9e56f1058f1bb51f4edb389` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#LI-SN/LiSn-14Li.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/LiSn-14Li.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/LiSn-14Li.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 1034.97 | LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.1944) + LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22222) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 1034.96 | LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.19419) + LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22222) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 1034.96 | LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.19404) + LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22222) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 985.6 | LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22222) + LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.29818) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 985.6 | LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22222) + LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.29811) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 971.51 | LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.31889) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 971.51 | LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.31907) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 782.55 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.43456) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 782.55 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.43442) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 782.55 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.43464) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 746.67 | LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.45081) + LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 746.67 | LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.45058) + LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 746.67 | LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.45094) + LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 580.03 | LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) + LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.73873) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 580.03 | LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) + LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.7383) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 495.68 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96591) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 495.68 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96609) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 495.68 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96635) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb | 453.1 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 8.200e-4) + LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 1091.34 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.4496) + FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.45897) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.48028) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 1025.02 | LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.1794) + LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) + LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22251) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 1025.02 | LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.17937) + LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) + LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22251) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 989.19 | LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.24046) + LI8SN3 (x(Sn) 0.27273) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.30525) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 971.19 | LI8SN3 (x(Sn) 0.27273) + LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.32334) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 971.18 | LI8SN3 (x(Sn) 0.27273) + LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.32377) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 862 | LI8SN3 (x(Sn) 0.27273) + LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 782.28 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42662) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 782.28 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42655) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 782.28 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.4267) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 742.64 | LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.44274) + LISN (x(Sn) 0.48545) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 742.64 | LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.44243) + LISN (x(Sn) 0.48539) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 593.45 | LISN (x(Sn) 0.49999) + LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.80125) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 593.45 | LISN (x(Sn) 0.49999) + LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.80124) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 486.79 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96269) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 486.79 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96309) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 486.78 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96295) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 451.52 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.00612) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.00826) + LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) |
| LiSn-06Du.tdb | 451.52 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.00603) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.00814) + LI22SN5 (x(Sn) 0.18519) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 1022.51 | LI17SN4 (x(Sn) 0.19048) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.20397) + LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.22396) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 994.84 | LI7SN2 (x(Sn) 0.25242) + LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.28003) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 970.7 | LI13SN5 (x(Sn) 0.27778) + LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.30998) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 787.31 | LI5SN2 (x(Sn) 0.28571) + LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41415) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 745.79 | LI7SN3 (x(Sn) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.4397) + LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 593.01 | LISN (x(Sn) 0.5) + LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.83818) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 475.92 | LI2SN5 (x(Sn) 0.71429) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.94643) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| LiSn-14Li.tdb | 453.56 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 7.000e-5) + LI17SN4 (x(Sn) 0.19048) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/LI/LI-SN.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/LI/LI-SN.json) · [CALPHAD hull LiSn-05Yin-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/LI/LI-SN--LiSn-05Yin-LB.json) · [CALPHAD hull LiSn-06Du](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/LI/LI-SN--LiSn-06Du.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Li–Sn system (71)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1056.15 | congruent melting: L -> Li7Sn2 | L: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222; Li7Sn2: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-6X2VRVKHGX` |  |
| 1045.15 | congruent melting: L -> Li7Sn2 | L: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222; Li7Sn2: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-LRVB2MESBY` |  |
| 1035.35 | congruent melting: L -> Li22Sn5 | L: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-APF3BJENCJ` |  |
| 1035.15 | eutectic: L -> Li22Sn5 + Li7Sn2 | L: Sn 0.194; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185; Li7Sn2: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-E2TMW6ATOV` |  |
| 1031.15 | congruent melting: L -> Li22Sn5 | L: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-6U6VJO6DSU` |  |
| 1025.15 | eutectic: L -> Li22Sn5 + Li7Sn2 | L: Sn 0.205; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185; Li7Sn2: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-UDNL4RYLHT` |  |
| 1025 | eutectic: L -> Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2 | L: Sn 0.203; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.185; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 7; `ORC-2TJCGI5GR5` |  |
| 1025 | eutectic: L \<-> Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2 | Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-JEY7RJJ5AF` |  |
| 1025 | eutectic: L \<-> Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2 | Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-PANWBJ7SO3` |  |
| 1025 | eutectic: L -> Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2 | Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 8; `ORC-PF22557FYE` |  |
| 1022 | eutectic: L -> Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2 | L: Sn 0.204; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.19; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.224 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 9; `ORC-A5QE4N3KSX` |  |
| 997 | peritectic: L + Li7Sn2 \<-> Li13Sn5 | Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.277778 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-DNLKSIBSPU` |  |
| 997 | L + Li7Sn2 -> Li13Sn5 | Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.277778 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-L3MDQNQ5HX` |  |
| 995 | L + Li7Sn2 -> Li13Sn5 | L: Sn 0.28; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.252; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.278 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-3GOH4DEEOT` |  |
| 993.15 | L + Li13Sn5 -> Li5Sn2 | L: Sn 0.31; Li13Sn5: Li 0.722222, Sn 0.277778; Li5Sn2: Li 0.714286, Sn 0.285714 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-DA4HCUXSR6` |  |
| 989.15 | L + Li7Sn2 -> Li13Sn5 | L: Sn 0.3; Li7Sn2: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222; Li13Sn5: Li 0.722222, Sn 0.277778 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-5SUQ7R6W7T` |  |
| 989 | L + Li7Sn2 -> Li13Sn5 | L: Sn 0.2945; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.24; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.278 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-B5Q2537AIQ` |  |
| 989 | peritectic: L + Li7Sn2 \<-> Li13Sn5 | Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.277778 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-CNHN6AIRNS` |  |
| 985.75 | L + Li7Sn2 -> Li13Sn5 | L: Sn 0.298; Li7Sn2: Li 0.777778, Sn 0.222222; Li13Sn5: Li 0.722222, Sn 0.277778 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-VHVR6EWM2U` |  |
| 971.65 | L + Li13Sn5 -> Li5Sn2 | L: Sn 0.319; Li13Sn5: Li 0.722222, Sn 0.277778; Li5Sn2: Li 0.714286, Sn 0.285714 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-GPV6EEQJDQ` |  |
| 971.15 | L + Li13Sn5 -> Li5Sn2 | L: Sn 0.31; Li13Sn5: Li 0.722222, Sn 0.277778; Li5Sn2: Li 0.714286, Sn 0.285714 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Bailey 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2879%2990174-7) | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-7TYJ7EXRBF` |  |
| 971 | peritectic: L + Li13Sn5 \<-> Li5Sn2 | Li13Sn5: Sn 0.277778; Li5Sn2: Sn 0.285714 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-7FTRQDP5MZ` |  |
| 971 | L + Li13Sn5 -> Li5Sn2 | Li13Sn5: Sn 0.277778; Li5Sn2: Sn 0.285714 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 17; `ORC-ANFRSAVH77.420439` |  |
| 971 | L + Li13Sn5 -> Li5Sn2 | L: Sn 0.31; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.278; Li5Sn2: Sn 0.286 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 18; `ORC-ANFRSAVH77.630e41` |  |
| 971 | L + Li13Sn5 -> Li5Sn2 | L: Sn 0.311; Li13Sn5: Sn 0.278; Li5Sn2: Sn 0.286 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 16; `ORC-DSR7XMQNJN` |  |
| 971 | peritectic: L + Li13Sn5 \<-> Li5Sn2 | Li13Sn5: Sn 0.277778; Li5Sn2: Sn 0.285714 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-KEXZ7OU6EO` |  |
| 787 | L + Li5Sn2 -> Li7Sn3 | L: Sn 0.414; Li5Sn2: Sn 0.286; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 21; `ORC-I76COQFD3R` |  |
| 782.25 | L + Li5Sn2 -> Li7Sn3 | L: Sn 0.435; Li5Sn2: Li 0.714286, Sn 0.285714; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-HUPY2VNYXT` |  |
| 782 | peritectic: L + Li5Sn2 \<-> Li7Sn3 | Li5Sn2: Sn 0.285714; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-BJ4C37WQEY` |  |
| 782 | L + Li5Sn2 -> Li7Sn3 | Li5Sn2: Sn 0.285714; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 20; `ORC-XLMGHJNWKJ` |  |
| 775.15 | L + Li5Sn2 -> Li7Sn3 | L: Sn 0.4; Li5Sn2: Li 0.714286, Sn 0.285714; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-Z3K2J3KC2W` |  |
| 775 | peritectic: L + Li5Sn2 \<-> Li7Sn3 | Li5Sn2: Sn 0.285714; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-57YMPKBGEB` |  |
| 775 | L + Li5Sn2 -> Li7Sn3 | Li5Sn2: Sn 0.286; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 19; `ORC-BNMTV4KYZG` |  |
| 773.15 | L + Li5Sn2 -> Li7Sn3 | Li5Sn2: Li 0.714286, Sn 0.285714; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Bailey 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2879%2990174-7) | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-THDJIZ4VK7` |  |
| 761.65 | congruent melting: L -> LiSn | L: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-6EJXEHK6WQ` |  |
| 761.15 | congruent melting: L -> LiSn | L: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Sommer 1982_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-DWWCTLGZ2C` |  |
| 759.15 | congruent melting: L -> LiSn | L: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Bailey 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2879%2990174-7) | Table 2, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-JGF7O2LQ5U` |  |
| 758.15 | congruent melting: L -> LiSn | L: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-7WYZSQWC3C` |  |
| 746.85 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.451; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-3WQWKE5YFE` |  |
| 746 | eutectic: L \<-> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3; LiSn: Sn 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-UGWOTXUIBG` |  |
| 746 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.44; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.7; LiSn: Sn 0.5 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 24; `ORC-UOD5B25VHE.b5aa20` |  |
| 746 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3; LiSn: Sn 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 23; `ORC-UOD5B25VHE.d37a1b` |  |
| 743.15 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.3; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Sommer 1982_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-2IC5DXQ6P3` |  |
| 743.15 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.43; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-XZTE7AY2D6` |  |
| 743 | eutectic: L \<-> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3; LiSn: Sn 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-BFA5KYBD5U` |  |
| 743 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.43; Li7Sn3: Sn 0.3; LiSn: Sn 0.5 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 22; `ORC-Z2B45MMAGQ` |  |
| 742.15 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.43; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Bailey 1979_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2879%2990174-7) | Table 2, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-RBAGVFXWWO` |  |
| 731.15 | eutectic: L -> Li7Sn3 + LiSn | L: Sn 0.37; Li7Sn3: Li 0.7, Sn 0.3; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Masing 1910_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19100670114) | Table 2, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-CKVN62PKOL` |  |
| 600 | peritectic: L + LiSn \<-> Li2Sn5 | LiSn: Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-5BVRTHJ7RI` |  |
| 600 | L + LiSn -> Li2Sn5 | LiSn: Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 29; `ORC-W5OP32PL6L` |  |
| 599.15 | L + LiSn -> Li2Sn5 | L: Sn 0.78; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Li 0.285714, Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-WNEZMI22TB` |  |
| 593 | L + LiSn -> Li2Sn5 | L: Sn 0.838; LiSn: Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 30; `ORC-KPOSZBDMTY` |  |
| 593 | peritectic: L + LiSn \<-> Li2Sn5 | LiSn: Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-LXGIRMUBUE` |  |
| 593 | L + LiSn -> Li2Sn5 | LiSn: Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 28; `ORC-UCTZBPNXGG` |  |
| 592.15 | L + LiSn -> Li2Sn5 | L: Sn 0.765; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Li 0.285714, Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Masing 1910_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19100670114) | Table 2, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-E75GWDOWAW` |  |
| 580.15 | L + LiSn -> Li2Sn5 | L: Sn 0.738; LiSn: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5; Li2Sn5: Li 0.285714, Sn 0.714286 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-Y4DFNUKGYJ` |  |
| 495.65 | eutectic: L -> Li2Sn5 + (βSn) | L: Sn 0.966; Li2Sn5: Li 0.285714, Sn 0.714286 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-QKJBELNURB` |  |
| 495.15 | eutectic: L -> Li2Sn5 + (βSn) | L: Sn 0.95; Li2Sn5: Li 0.285714, Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 33; `ORC-723MYDSUWD` |  |
| 487.15 | eutectic: L -> Li2Sn5 + (βSn) | L: Sn 0.95; Li2Sn5: Li 0.285714, Sn 0.714286 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Masing 1910_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19100670114) | Table 2, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-UMXDBI6S2J` |  |
| 487 | eutectic: L \<-> Li2Sn5 + (βSn) | Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714286; (βSn): Sn 1 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-D2YDYOJL4C` |  |
| 487 | eutectic: L -> Li2Sn5 + (βSn) | L: Sn 0.95; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714; (βSn): Sn 1 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 31; `ORC-OPVXPVM6A7` |  |
| 476 | eutectic: L -> Li2Sn5 + (βSn) | L: Sn 0.946; Li2Sn5: Sn 0.714; (βSn): Sn 1 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 32; `ORC-DN33WRER5J` |  |
| 456.45 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li22Sn5 | L: Sn 4.000e-5; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Sommer 1982_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-TMCFFFFYJN` |  |
| 455 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li17Sn4 | Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-NESUOHX7T6` |  |
| 454 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li17Sn4 | L: Sn 0; (βLi): Sn 0; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.185 | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-DEDX2TGUYK` |  |
| 454 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li17Sn4 | L: Sn 0; (βLi): Sn 0; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.19 | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-WMGXPO3X33` |  |
| 453.8 | other: L \<-> (βLi) + Li17Sn4 | Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-FSYSDK5WY6` |  |
| 453.6 | other: L \<-> (βLi) + Li17Sn4 | Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476 | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-6NF5NFIVD5` |  |
| 453.15 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li22Sn5 | L: Sn 8.000e-4; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185 | model | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-QSULM54HOR` |  |
| 452.15 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li22Sn5 | L: Sn 0; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-QPXOUTW2VZ` |  |
| 448.15 | eutectic: L -> (βLi) + Li22Sn5 | L: Sn 0; Li22Sn5: Li 0.814815, Sn 0.185185 | experimental | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Masing 1910_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19100670114) | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DZ5XCWG5JW` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Li–Sn system (36)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Li13Sn5 |  | -45.8 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-CMKJ4QPGP2` |  |
| Li13Sn5 |  | -44 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-CB362C45TO` |  |
| Li13Sn5 |  | -39.9 unknown | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-K57I5ETFM4` |  |
| Li13Sn5 |  | -38.1 unknown | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Kubaschewski 1938_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-YRP6AKCMWM` |  |
| Li13Sn5 |  | -35.1 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-DUCJDQ4NR3` |  |
| Li13Sn5 |  | -35.1 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-QOPNZB6ZUQ` |  |
| Li22Sn5 |  | -47.1 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-PMIAXIHL5M` |  |
| Li22Sn5 |  | -43.3 unknown | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-3OX2TNSINV` |  |
| Li22Sn5 |  | -40.7 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DHTZQRLRDT` |  |
| Li22Sn5 |  | -39.3 unknown | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Kubaschewski 1938_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-3IT2X5DLN3` |  |
| Li22Sn5 |  | -33 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-DLLK2Y6GYP` |  |
| Li22Sn5 |  | -31.1 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-Y2BW3T3ISI` |  |
| Li2Sn5 |  | -21.8 unknown | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 35; `ORC-2MV5DYLEMR` |  |
| Li2Sn5 |  | -20.1 unknown | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Kubaschewski 1938_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 36; `ORC-TP3OGWQY5C` |  |
| Li5Sn2 |  | -45.4 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-QC36ZUXWCU` |  |
| Li5Sn2 |  | -43.8 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-H73YPCU7XO` |  |
| Li5Sn2 |  | -39.7 unknown | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-RCJZI5CDBZ` |  |
| Li5Sn2 |  | -38.9 unknown | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Kubaschewski 1938_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-WJ7GKTEJAC` |  |
| Li5Sn2 |  | -35.7 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-E4VD5SJJDR` |  |
| Li5Sn2 |  | -35.2 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-URV5LTOPWR` |  |
| Li7Sn2 |  | -45.6 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-UXV77PGAD6` |  |
| Li7Sn2 |  | -43.8 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-YRO2OCOPOL` |  |
| Li7Sn2 |  | -41.7 unknown | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-HX5YQYO5N3` |  |
| Li7Sn2 |  | -40.2 unknown | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Kubaschewski 1938_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-QCPUHQRIMU` |  |
| Li7Sn2 |  | -34.4 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-C3QMK6MG3W` |  |
| Li7Sn2 |  | -34.1 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-ZKXWUJPL72` |  |
| Li7Sn3 |  | -45.3 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-SO64DODPB2` |  |
| Li7Sn3 |  | -43.6 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-FEPBTEJCPN` |  |
| Li7Sn3 |  | -35.5 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-4OZWT4PCLG` |  |
| Li7Sn3 |  | -35 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-2BPST4I7MU` |  |
| LiSn |  | -40.9 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-AOSZM4XKFO` |  |
| LiSn |  | -35.8 unknown | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 33; `ORC-FCEMBQHYWL` |  |
| LiSn |  | -35.2 unknown | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Kubaschewski 1938_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 34; `ORC-4Z5FTDXLPX` |  |
| LiSn |  | -35 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-3OPPV43PMV` |  |
| LiSn |  | -31.7 unknown | 688 | model |  |  | [1] Yin 2005 | Table 3, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-E3RDAQSU3C` |  |
| LiSn |  | -26.1 unknown | 688 | experimental |  |  | [1] Yin 2005; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | Table 3, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-TZIS6HOV4B` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (21)

Table: Phase transition, Li–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 453.6 K | 453.6 | congruent melting: L \<-> (βLi) | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-RRSHXNMQXD` |  |
| Phase transition | 453.8 K | 453.8 | congruent melting: L \<-> (βLi) | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-IGUYSRC3X3` |  |
| Phase transition | 505.05 K | 505.05 | congruent melting: L \<-> (βSn); _(βSn): Sn 1_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 24; `ORC-HZS6GTRT3W` |  |
| Phase transition | 759 K | 759 | L -> LiSn; _L: Sn 0.5; LiSn: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 26; `ORC-33HWD7L4Q2` |  |
| Phase transition | 759 K | 759 | congruent melting: L \<-> LiSn; _L: Sn 0.5; LiSn: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-O2PSZ2O6HV` |  |
| Phase transition | 759 K | 759 | congruent transformation | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | p. 6; `ORC-QGZ6FUOXTX` | “The sample Li50 Sn50 shows a melting peak at 759 K, which corresponds to the congruent melting of LiSn.” |
| Phase transition | 760 K | 760 | L -> LiSn; _L: Sn 0.5; LiSn: Sn 0.5_ | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 27; `ORC-4NQAWW3KT6` |  |
| Phase transition | 760 K | 760 | L -> LiSn; _L: Sn 0.5; LiSn: Sn 0.5_ | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 25; `ORC-J6IJ2LIVPF` |  |
| Phase transition | 760 K | 760 | congruent melting: L \<-> LiSn; _L: Sn 0.5; LiSn: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-IWEEAJ7LIR` |  |
| Phase transition | 1031 K | 1031 | L -> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.185; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.185_ | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-LMLR7WYLZA` |  |
| Phase transition | 1031 K | 1031 | L -> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.19; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.19_ | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 6; `ORC-VZZJZ5RKOT.610206` |  |
| Phase transition | 1031 K | 1031 | L -> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.190476; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-VZZJZ5RKOT.9965fc` |  |
| Phase transition | 1031 K | 1031 | congruent melting: L \<-> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.190476; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-H4NCT222IV` |  |
| Phase transition | 1031 K | 1031 | congruent melting: L \<-> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.190476; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-OYE5P7O5VG` |  |
| Phase transition | 1031 K | 1031 | congruent transformation | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | p. 6; `ORC-65TVXQSNZR.b7e7f4` | “The congruent melting of Li17Sn4, which was reported to be at 1031 K \[15\], was found at 1031.4 K.” |
| Phase transition | 1031.4 K | 1031.4 | congruent transformation | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | p. 6; `ORC-65TVXQSNZR.5b58d7` | “The congruent melting of Li17Sn4, which was reported to be at 1031 K \[15\], was found at 1031.4 K.” |
| Phase transition | 1052 K | 1052 | L -> Li7Sn2; _L: Sn 0.222222; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222222_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 11; `ORC-MQ6BOSUJBN` |  |
| Phase transition | 1056 K | 1056 | L -> Li7Sn2; _L: Sn 0.234; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.234_ | model | [2] Li 2014 | Table 10, p. 9, row 12; `ORC-UC36TVBFKK` |  |
| Phase transition | 1056 K | 1056 | L -> Li7Sn2; _L: Sn 0.222; Li7Sn2: Sn 0.222_ | model | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ | Table 10, p. 9, row 10; `ORC-ZNMSZ7INHQ` |  |
| Phase transition | 1056 K | 1056 | congruent melting: L \<-> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.190476; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Sangster 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6) | Table 8, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-I24MBRL6DQ` |  |
| Phase transition | 1056 K | 1056 | congruent melting: L \<-> Li17Sn4; _L: Sn 0.190476; Li17Sn4: Sn 0.190476_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 8, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-TYPR4KDD2M` |  |

### Phase equilibrium (28)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Li–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase assemblage |  | 473 | Li17Sn4 + Li; _alloy: Li 0.9, Sn 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-EVUO5XEB5Q` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 573 | Li2Sn5 + LiSn + Sn; _alloy: Li 0.4, Sn 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-VZNOSHFGXM` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 573 | LiSn + Li2Sn5 + Sn; _alloy: Li 0.5, Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-GXJ4H2N6SD` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 573 | LiSn + Li7Sn3 + Sn; _alloy: Li 0.6, Sn 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-WZ7FUA3ISG` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 673 | Li13Sn5 + Sn; _alloy: Li 0.722, Sn 0.278_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-ML4ARGN5DV` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 673 | Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2; _alloy: Li 0.79, Sn 0.21_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-2YPEH5V3SR` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 673 | Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2; _alloy: Li 0.81, Sn 0.19_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-OMJNISWJMV` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 673 | Li17Sn4 + Li7Sn2 + Sn; _alloy: Li 0.8, Sn 0.2_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-K6MDLT4VNS` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 673 | Li17Sn4 + Sn; _alloy: Li 0.815, Sn 0.185_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-7JTI5UVY6Y` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 673 | Li7Sn2 + Li13Sn5; _alloy: Li 0.74, Sn 0.26_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-ZOOOGLJKB5` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 723 | Li7Sn2 + Li13Sn5; _alloy: Li 0.76, Sn 0.24_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-ATWQBVRIOS` |  |
| Phase assemblage |  | 723 | Li7Sn3 + Li5Sn2 + Sn + LiSn; _alloy: Li 0.71, Sn 0.29_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 4, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-URZO6NYSGI` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 454 | other: Li; _liquid: Sn 0_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-TWBWJZSXU2` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 722.7 | other: Li40Sn60; _liquid: Sn 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-IZUW2XUHIR` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 759.2 | other: Li50Sn50; _liquid: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-RDWRM4IIOO` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 823.8 | other: Li96Sn04; _liquid: Sn 0.04_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-LEVJCJX5K7` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 823.8 | other: Li₉₆Sn₀₄; _liquid: Li 0.96, Sn 0.04_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-JOJU5VIVFN` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 837.6 | other: Li60Sn40; _liquid: Sn 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-OPD4R2MPXF` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 885.9 | other: Li92Sn08; _liquid: Sn 0.08_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-IF7B4FZA7E` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 885.9 | other: Li₉₂Sn₀₈; _liquid: Li 0.92, Sn 0.08_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-VCKIFZPUZR` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 946.5 | other: Li88Sn12; _liquid: Sn 0.12_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-JQEVRDTZ3D` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1006.2 | other: Li72.2Sn27.8; _liquid: Sn 0.278_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-WBZKS5L2EO` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1007.2 | other: Li84Sn16; _liquid: Sn 0.16_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-N4G34I5D35` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1008 | other: Li71Sn29; _liquid: Sn 0.29_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-5532QTJPJ5` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1031.6 | other: Li74Sn26; _liquid: Sn 0.26_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-JGEF4F6PJV` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1031.6 | other: Li81.5Sn18.5; _liquid: Sn 0.185_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-Z3I227U66K` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1037 | other: Li80Sn20; _liquid: Sn 0.2_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-ZQCRAYKHXW` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1042.2 | other: Li79Sn21; _liquid: Sn 0.21_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014 | Table 7, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-Z2QJ5MDQX3` |  |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (2)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Li–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMF | 0.46 V | 688 | LiSn + Li7Sn3 | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | p. 1; `ORC-OBZXZ6N52R.5c861d` | “(0.57 and 0.46 V for Li-Sn alloys in the liquid þ LiSn and LiSn þ Li7 Sn3 two-phase fields, respectively, vs. pure Li at 688 K \[5\]) they can be combined with cathode materials to produce batteries with high energy density.” |
| EMF | 0.57 V | 688 | liquid + LiSn | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Wen 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127590) | p. 1; `ORC-OBZXZ6N52R.bd175b` | “(0.57 and 0.46 V for Li-Sn alloys in the liquid þ LiSn and LiSn þ Li7 Sn3 two-phase fields, respectively, vs. pure Li at 688 K \[5\]) they can be combined with cathode materials to produce batteries with high energy density.” |

### Crystal structure (23)

Table: Crystal structure, Li–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 4.7 Å | 298.15 | Li13Sn5; _alloy: Sn 0.277778_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-3J7DZEZOVO.9f340d` |  |
| Lattice a | 19.6907 Å | 298.15 | Li17Sn4; _alloy: Sn 0.190476_ | unspecified | [2] Li 2014; _cites Lupu 2003_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ic026235o) | Table 5, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-FKJYIOIFSC.4ff295` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.274 Å | 298.15 | Li2Sn5; _alloy: Sn 0.714286_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Hansen 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567740869005760) | Table 5, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-IYJKMAV5B6.665f92` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.74 Å | 298.15 | Li5Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.285714_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-6432L6A6EN.121af1` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.8 Å | 298.15 | Li7Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.222222_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-YBP66FTL2P.3cd105` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.56 Å | 298.15 | Li7Sn3; _alloy: Sn 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Muller 1974_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1974-5-602) | Table 5, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-LHS6TVGIX3.b16679` |  |
| Lattice a | 5.17 Å | 298.15 | LiSn; _alloy: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Mueller 1973_ | Table 5, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-6C7GSQ5NEJ.e9f6fe` |  |
| Lattice b | 13.8 Å | 298.15 | Li7Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.222222_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-YBP66FTL2P.a41094` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.72 Å | 298.15 | Li7Sn3; _alloy: Sn 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Muller 1974_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1974-5-602) | Table 5, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-LHS6TVGIX3.7ca3cc` |  |
| Lattice b | 3.18 Å | 298.15 | LiSn; _alloy: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Mueller 1973_ | Table 5, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-6C7GSQ5NEJ.d0b6a6` |  |
| Lattice c | 17.12 Å | 298.15 | Li13Sn5; _alloy: Sn 0.277778_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-3J7DZEZOVO.4b57e7` |  |
| Lattice c | 3.125 Å | 298.15 | Li2Sn5; _alloy: Sn 0.714286_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Hansen 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567740869005760) | Table 5, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-IYJKMAV5B6.e1c9dd` |  |
| Lattice c | 19.83 Å | 298.15 | Li5Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.285714_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-6432L6A6EN.98e863` |  |
| Lattice c | 4.75 Å | 298.15 | Li7Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.222222_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-YBP66FTL2P.2633ff` |  |
| Lattice c | 9.45 Å | 298.15 | Li7Sn3; _alloy: Sn 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Muller 1974_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1974-5-602) | Table 5, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-LHS6TVGIX3.33485a` |  |
| Lattice c | 7.74 Å | 298.15 | LiSn; _alloy: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Mueller 1973_ | Table 5, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-6C7GSQ5NEJ.3311f3` |  |
| lattice beta | 90 ° | 298.15 | Li13Sn5; _alloy: Sn 0.277778_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-3J7DZEZOVO.14ea8e` |  |
| lattice beta | 90 ° | 298.15 | Li17Sn4; _alloy: Sn 0.190476_ | unspecified | [2] Li 2014; _cites Lupu 2003_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ic026235o) | Table 5, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-FKJYIOIFSC.26b75c` |  |
| lattice beta | 90 ° | 298.15 | Li2Sn5; _alloy: Sn 0.714286_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Hansen 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567740869005760) | Table 5, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-IYJKMAV5B6.5d6d95` |  |
| lattice beta | 90 ° | 298.15 | Li5Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.285714_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-6432L6A6EN.7af762` |  |
| lattice beta | 90 ° | 298.15 | Li7Sn2; _alloy: Sn 0.222222_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Frank 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1975-1-203) | Table 5, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-YBP66FTL2P.dcb27f` |  |
| lattice beta | 105.95 ° | 298.15 | Li7Sn3; _alloy: Sn 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Muller 1974_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1974-5-602) | Table 5, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-LHS6TVGIX3.4ce862` |  |
| lattice beta | 104.5 ° | 298.15 | LiSn; _alloy: Sn 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Li 2014; _cites Mueller 1973_ | Table 5, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-6C7GSQ5NEJ.17b83f` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047)
2. D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).