# Mn–Sm system

> Mn–Sm system: 22 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 19, formation 3) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/MN-SM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/MN-SM.md

22 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (experimental 14, model 8); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 3 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/MN-SM.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/MN-SM.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#MN-SM) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#MN-SM/MnSm-09Wan.json) · [phases (9)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/MN-SM.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/MN-SM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/MN-SM.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 14 |
| model | 8 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 19 |
| formation | 3 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | C.P. Wang, H.L. Zhang, S.L. Wang, Z. Lin, X.J. Liu, A.T. Tang, F.S. Pan, J. Alloys Compd., 481, 291-95(2009). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.03.121](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.03.121) | `47864add5c99ef020901a6c284fb7083acb7bb772985a1669b9611328fb38296` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#MN-SM/MnSm-09Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnSm-09Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/MnSm-09Wan.json) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | H. Ye, J. Wang, Q. Chen, G. Rao, H. Zhou, Mater. Genome Eng. Adv., 2, 39(2024). [doi:10.1002/mgea.39](https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.39) | `8d057a826e346331d07207f68022a11d6ee72303a93510a67ed9e9fc02003031` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#MN-SM/MnSm-24Ye.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnSm-24Ye.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/MnSm-24Ye.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1410.93 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 6.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 7.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.21872) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1410.93 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 6.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 7.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.21866) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1410.93 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 6.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 7.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.2187) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1369.17 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 6.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 0.00135) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.30927) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1369.17 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 6.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 0.00135) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.30926) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1299.32 | CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 0.0012) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.39474) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1299.32 | CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 0.0012) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.39458) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1201.47 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.52663) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1201.47 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.52687) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1201.47 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.52633) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1195 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.82985) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99998) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99998) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1195 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.83004) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99998) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99998) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1082.03 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.67823) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99999) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1082.03 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.67831) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99999) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 1006.98 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 1) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 979.65 | CBCC_A12 (x(Sm) 2.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 1.200e-4) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 979.65 | CBCC_A12 (x(Sm) 2.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 1.200e-4) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) |
| MnSm-09Wan.tdb | 351.7 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.207) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1409.27 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 9.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 2.900e-4) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.14407) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1409.27 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 9.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 2.900e-4) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.14395) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1409.27 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 9.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 2.900e-4) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.14391) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1360.84 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 8.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 2.000e-4) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.26871) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1360.84 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 8.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 2.000e-4) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.26871) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1360.84 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 8.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 2.000e-4) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.26869) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1298.85 | CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 1.700e-4) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.36343) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1298.85 | CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 1.700e-4) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.36341) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1298.85 | CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 1.700e-4) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.36354) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1202.15 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.52879) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1202.15 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.52895) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1202.15 | MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) + MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.52863) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1194.84 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.88911) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99993) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99997) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1194.84 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.88926) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99993) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99997) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1069.57 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.7255) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99997) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1069.57 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.7259) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99997) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1069.57 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.72591) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99997) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 1006.27 | MN2SM_C14 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99999) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 0.99999) |
| MnSm-24Ye.tdb | 980 | CBCC_A12 (x(Sm) 1.000e-5) + CUB_A13 (x(Sm) 1.000e-5) + MN23SM6_D8A (x(Sm) 0.2069) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/MN/MN-SM.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/MN/MN-SM.json) · [CALPHAD hull MnSm-09Wan](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/MN/MN-SM--MnSm-09Wan.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Mn–Sm system (19)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1411.15 | peritectic: L + δMn ↔ γMn | L: Sm 0.2187; δMn: Sm 0; γMn: Sm 0 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-6IRTZ3UB3L` |  |
| 1411.15 | peritectic: L + δMn ↔ γMn | δMn: Sm 0; γMn: Sm 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-CHMBYKZLOE` |  |
| 1406.15 | peritectic: L + δMn ↔ γMn | δMn: Sm 0; γMn: Sm 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Kirchmayr 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1970-610106) | Table 3, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-4JCKWHTSOJ` |  |
| 1373.15 | peritectic: L + γMn ↔ βMn | γMn: Sm 0; βMn: Sm 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-GZ7VJOEUGJ` |  |
| 1373.15 | peritectic: L + γMn ↔ βMn | L: Sm 0.3003; γMn: Sm 0; βMn: Sm 0 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-U652VFRRMR` |  |
| 1368.15 | peritectic: L + γMn ↔ βMn | γMn: Sm 0; βMn: Sm 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Kirchmayr 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1970-610106) | Table 3, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-NAG2BBZGOJ` |  |
| 1298.15 | peritectic: L + βMn ↔ Mn23Sm6 | L: Sm 0.3956; βMn: Sm 0; Mn23Sm6: Sm 0.2069 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-AHZQR6RO3I` |  |
| 1298.15 | peritectic: L + βMn ↔ Mn23Sm6 | βMn: Sm 0; Mn23Sm6: Sm 0.2069 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-GSIG6XLJDX` |  |
| 1203.15 | peritectic: L + Mn23Sm6 ↔ Mn2Sm | Mn23Sm6: Sm 0.2069; Mn2Sm: Sm 0.3333 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-PC4H33GTDW` |  |
| 1202.15 | peritectic: L + Mn23Sm6 ↔ Mn2Sm | L: Sm 0.5259; Mn23Sm6: Sm 0.2069; Mn2Sm: Sm 0.3333 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-XOZSOFWCNK` |  |
| 1195.15 | peritectic: L + γSm ↔ βSm | L: Sm 0.836; γSm: Sm 1; βSm: Sm 1 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-I62WTCPICZ` |  |
| 1195.15 | peritectic: L + γSm ↔ βSm | γSm: Sm 1; βSm: Sm 1 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-TT75UJEC7X` |  |
| 1190.15 | peritectic: L + γSm ↔ βSm | γSm: Sm 1; βSm: Sm 1 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Kirchmayr 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1970-610106) | Table 3, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-RJS4ZRJ3QN` |  |
| 1068.15 | eutectic: L ↔ Mn2Sm + βSm | L: Sm 0.6948; Mn2Sm: Sm 0.3333; βSm: Sm 1 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-LQV44FWYKS` |  |
| 1068.15 | eutectic: L ↔ Mn2Sm + βSm | Mn2Sm: Sm 0.3333; βSm: Sm 1 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-ZD6HGAAXYZ` |  |
| 1007.15 | eutectoid: βSm ↔ Mn2Sm + αSm | βSm: Sm 0.9999; Mn2Sm: Sm 0.3333; αSm: Sm 1 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-6XKHCHMRQG` |  |
| 1007.15 | eutectoid: βSm ↔ Mn2Sm + αSm | Mn2Sm: Sm 0.3333; αSm: Sm 1 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-XRGTJSPHUZ` |  |
| 1000.15 | peritectoid: βMn + Mn23Sm6 ↔ αMn | βMn: Sm 0; Mn23Sm6: Sm 0.2069; αMn: Sm 0 | experimental | [1] Wang 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-AO7C5QFU2R` |  |
| 979.15 | peritectoid: βMn + Mn23Sm6 ↔ αMn | βMn: Sm 0; Mn23Sm6: Sm 0.2069; αMn: Sm 0 | model | [1] Wang 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-3AKRTS34KR` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Mn–Sm system (3)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Mn23RE6 |  | -3.17 kJ/mol-atom | 1320 | experimental |  |  | [2] Gröbner 2001; _cites Shilov 1983_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-PNIDQR52CL.2d37c6` |  |
| Mn23Sm6 |  | -92 unspecified ± 5 | 1320 | experimental |  |  | [3] Ye 2024; _cites Shilov 1983_ | p. 5; `ORC-IFDVP2YZP4` | “Using high-temperature isoperibolic calorimetry, Shilov et al.\[62\] determined the enthalpy of formation of Mn23Sm6 at 1320 K to be -92 � 5 kJ/mol.” |
| Mn23Sm6 | [Mn23Sm6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Mn23Sm6.html) | -3.17 kJ/mol-atom | 1320 | experimental | 10.805 (mp-aaacpxjn) | 18.915 (oqmd-656273) | [2] Gröbner 2001; _cites Shilov 1983_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-PNIDQR52CL.cf24ce` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. C.P. Wang, H.L. Zhang, S.L. Wang, Z. Lin, X.J. Liu, A.T. Tang et al., Thermodynamic assessments of the Mn–Sm and Mn–Ho systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 481, 291-295 (2009). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.03.121](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.03.121)
2. J. Gröbner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, Thermodynamic optimization of the systems Mn–Gd and Mn–Y using new experimental results, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 317-318, 433-437 (2001). [doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(00)01364-5](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901364-5)
3. Hongjian Ye, Jiang Wang, Qing Chen, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Development of thermodynamic database of the Mn‐RE (RE = rare earth metals) binary systems, Materials Genome Engineering Advances 2 (2024). [doi:10.1002/mgea.39](https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.39)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).