# Nb–Sn system

> Nb–Sn system: 116 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 59, formation 42, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 13, mixing / partial 2) and 3 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/NB-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/NB-SN.md

116 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 56, model 59, unspecified 1); 3 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/NB-SN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/NB-SN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#NB-SN) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#NB-SN/NbSn-02Tof.json) · [phases (9)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/NB-SN.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/NB-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/NB-SN.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 56 |
| model | 59 |
| unspecified | 1 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 59 |
| formation | 42 |
| mixing / partial | 2 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 13 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J.C. Gachon, B. Sundman, J. Phase Equilib., 23, 134-39(2002). [doi:10.1361/1054971023604071](https://doi.org/10.1361/1054971023604071) | `28d911b942daf4344c792e37b434cbcc8a7f9344e35efdfa3c5fd1394e84c9d3` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#NB-SN/NbSn-02Tof.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/NbSn-02Tof.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/NbSn-02Tof.json) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003) | `fe83573ddf9ba2bf926745a0cadfc8e88b72a5d34a5563367364fb3dc273340f` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#NB-SN/NbSn-17Laf.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/NbSn-17Laf.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/NbSn-17Laf.json) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, J. Phase Equilib., 19, 479-85(1998). [doi:10.1361/105497198770341978](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770341978) | `7c50a914635b9aafb7831a6dae73374552c7ac04f3f6dab1e4af748e9d95bb2f` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#NB-SN/NbSn-98Tof.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/NbSn-98Tof.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/NbSn-98Tof.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 2425.38 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.10891) + NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.19208) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.21995) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1184.18 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.27418) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99785) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1184.18 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.27418) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99785) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1141.38 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99844) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1141.38 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99844) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1141.38 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99844) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1011.82 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.26659) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1011.82 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.26658) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 1011.82 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.26658) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-02Tof.tdb | 505.08 | NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 1) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 2394.29 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.11474) + NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.15754) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.24532) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 1296.88 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.28474) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99201) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 1296.88 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.28474) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.992) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 1119.95 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99705) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 1119.95 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99706) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 1119.95 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99706) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 992.31 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.27158) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 992.31 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.27158) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 992.31 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.27158) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-17Laf.tdb | 505.08 | NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 1) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | 2405.15 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.08825) + NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.14315) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.23811) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | 1189.48 | NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.33288) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.44973) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.9967) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | 1103.43 | NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45124) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99825) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | 1068.1 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.02183) + NB3SN_A15 (x(Sn) 0.27686) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.44961) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | 1025.57 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.01751) + NB6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45012) + NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) |
| NbSn-98Tof.tdb | 505.08 | NBSN2_CB (x(Sn) 0.66667) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 1) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/NB/NB-SN.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/NB/NB-SN.json) · [CALPHAD hull NbSn-02Tof](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/NB/NB-SN--NbSn-02Tof.json) · [CALPHAD hull NbSn-98Tof](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/NB/NB-SN--NbSn-98Tof.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Nb–Sn system (59)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2425.15 | Nb3Sn \<-> Nb(bcc) +L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.1921; Nb(bcc): Sn 0.1089; L: Sn 0.2199 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 2, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-IOSG52Z6DD` |  |
| 2406.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 64Vie_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HU2ZZFW5LK` |  |
| 2406.15 | Nb3Sn \<-> Nb(bcc) +L | Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites ref. 1964Vie_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 36; `ORC-XSYALMW4JI` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn \<-> Nb(bcc) +L | Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-24FQAJYDC3` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 64Ell_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-4HBALEMLWN` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 70Cha_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-EFHR7QWHRK` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 5, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-GOR3NMOBIJ` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 82Sch_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-ILN4SDY637` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn \<-> Nb(bcc) +L | Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Schiffman 1982_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 34; `ORC-IZR7EOIP2M` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 73Mat_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-R2N4MJXRYZ` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn \<-> Nb(bcc) +L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.19; Nb(bcc): Sn 0.1; L: Sn 0.2 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Charlesworth 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00554367) | Table 2, p. 3, row 35; `ORC-URZAHKTKZZ` |  |
| 2403.15 | Nb3Sn \<-> Nb(bcc) +L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.18; Nb(bcc): Sn 0.12; L: Sn 0.21 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Massalski 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 33; `ORC-X334AE2IMI` |  |
| 2253.15 | Nb3Sn -> Nbbcc_A2 + L | Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 65Vuc_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-KFJVQOIA2X` |  |
| 1203.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites J 1965_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-5OGS6KZL7Q` |  |
| 1203.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.4545; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.26; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Charlesworth 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00554367) | Table 2, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-ICOEUTHGXZ` |  |
| 1198.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites ref. 1964Ens_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-JHCQPJ4NRW` |  |
| 1193.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.26; L: Sn 0.99 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Massalski 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-AZ4DUV22LJ` |  |
| 1193.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.3; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Cvietchnikov 1967_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-EFL6MB55I2` |  |
| 1193.15 | Nb6Sn5 -> Nb3Sn + L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 86Mas_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-IYNYASTFXH` |  |
| 1189.15 | Nb6Sn5 -> Nb3Sn + L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 5, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-R65KELPG6P` |  |
| 1189.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-SNC7AHM7KH` |  |
| 1188.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Ellis 1964_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2864%2990018-9) | Table 2, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-NUGSZXSMAK` |  |
| 1188.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Nb 0.75, Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Schadler 1964_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-Z3EYYWIXHW` |  |
| 1184.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.4545; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.2742; L: Sn 0.9978 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 2, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-HMWN6I4NXM` |  |
| 1178.15 | Nb6Sn5 \<-> Nb3Sn +L | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Matstakova 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-J7V374ZRB4` |  |
| 1141.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.4545; L: Sn 0.9984 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-KILJ32XLCD` |  |
| 1133.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 73Mat_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-GHBR4SW3EE` |  |
| 1133.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Matstakova 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-QMGRBWNTDY` |  |
| 1133.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Cvietchnikov 1967_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-Z3GTPHD63I` |  |
| 1123.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 64Ens_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-IFXLKHL4QI` |  |
| 1118.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Charlesworth 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00554367) | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-2ITBK2K3I2` |  |
| 1118.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 70Cha_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-GOUTXXTTQD` |  |
| 1113.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; L: Sn 0.99 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites J 1965_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-JTPISBHSFZ` |  |
| 1113.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 65Vuc_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-KJRRO5LZIF` |  |
| 1113.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Nb 0.333333, Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Schadler 1964_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-VEQB6BRREH` |  |
| 1108.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45; L: Sn 0.99 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Massalski 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-4KRVM25AFF` |  |
| 1108.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 86Mas_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-GMRUMEWXJH` |  |
| 1103.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 5, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-4NAQOXC2FN` |  |
| 1103.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Nb 0.333333, Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-KHJFCRSND3` |  |
| 1093.15 | NbSn2 \<-> Nb6Sn5 +L | NbSn2: Nb 0.333333, Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Nb 0.545455, Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Ellis 1964_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2864%2990018-9) | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-23VUXQYL2G` |  |
| 1093.15 | NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 + L | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 64Ell_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-3QE72RQ23E` |  |
| 1088.15 | NbSn2 +Nb3Sn \<-> Nb6Sn5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.3; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Cvietchnikov 1967_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-XFOZR5YSFB` |  |
| 1069.15 | Nbbcc_A2 + Nb6Sn5 -> Nb3Sn | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 5, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-TWH2YDAGXV` |  |
| 1048.15 | Nbbcc_A2 + Nb6Sn5 -> Nb3Sn | Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 86Mas_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-4RSXLIAPOJ` |  |
| 1026.15 | Nbbcc_A2 + NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 5, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-ATD4HM23HJ` |  |
| 1023.15 | NbSn2 +Nb3Sn \<-> Nb6Sn5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.26; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.45 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites ref. 1976Mas_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-K5RU3VPUHS` |  |
| 1023.15 | Nbbcc_A2 + NbSn2 -> Nb6Sn5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.454545 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 86Mas_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-S2GHLNC6MD` |  |
| 1012.15 | NbSn2 +Nb3Sn \<-> Nb6Sn5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; Nb3Sn: Sn 0.2666; Nb6Sn5: Sn 0.4545 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-74MYSAD7IY` |  |
| 505.25 | NbSn2 + L -> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 5, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-6Z7XY2UD2M` |  |
| 505.25 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; L: Sn 1; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FNZHFY73HT` |  |
| 505.15 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Nb 0.333333, Sn 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Kogan 1965_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-5EWNWSUBOG` |  |
| 505.15 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; L: Sn 1; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-7S5AR6ECLQ` |  |
| 505.15 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; L: Sn 1; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Cvietchnikov 1967_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-QIBM6CMJ7M` |  |
| 505.15 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; L: Sn 1; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Matstakova 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-URSO6PUINI` |  |
| 505.05 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; L: Sn 1; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Charlesworth 1970_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00554367) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-AT7PMDLMMQ` |  |
| 505.05 | NbSn2 + L -> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | unspecified | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 64Ell_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-BV7HVOE5LT` |  |
| 505.05 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Nb 0.333333, Sn 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Ellis 1964_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2864%2990018-9) | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-ZPRMQ5QOYW` |  |
| 503.15 | NbSn2 +L \<-> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.6667; L: Sn 1; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites J 1965_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-2RQHSHCLNG` |  |
| 503.15 | NbSn2 + L -> Snbct_A5 | NbSn2: Sn 0.666667; Snbct_A5: Sn 1 | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 65Vuc_ | Table 5, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-SBSRGXS4RI` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Nb–Sn system (37)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Nb0.545Sn0.455 |  | -22 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites ref. 1988Deb_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-ZBPRW2LILC` |  |
| Nb0.545Sn0.455 |  | -17.983 kJ/mol-atom | 1173 | model |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 3, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-ON3EU26GF3.fa5399` |  |
| Nb0.545Sn0.455 |  | -14.814 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-LBXJWFE6SQ.a741d2` |  |
| Nb0.545Sn0.455 |  | -2.653 kJ/mol-atom | 1173 | model |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-NLBIWIH7VB` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -32.06 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.97 | 860 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Malets 1975_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 1; `ORC-5QCTPOCOCP.a1c10f` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -32.06 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.97 | 860 | experimental |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 75Mal_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 1; `ORC-GLCDPPMOV5.a95655` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -32.06 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.97 | 860 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Malets 1975_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 2; `ORC-YEQL2PUFBH.182f11` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -18.307 kJ/mol-atom | 860 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 11; `ORC-5US3YVSIRP.4842b5` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -18.241 kJ/mol-atom | 1273 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 12; `ORC-HQWMWGGOBN.df46b8` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -17.876 kJ/mol-atom | 1473 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 13; `ORC-5JSPVXJKBJ.af04fb` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -17.095 kJ/mol-atom | 1623 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 14; `ORC-G3BCWQLK6C.e78230` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.7 unspecified ± 1.8 | 1623.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002 | p. 3; `ORC-2WEXP52PIK` | “Five experiments were carried out, and the average value of the enthalpy of formation of Nb3Sn at 1350 °C was equal to -16.7 ± 1.8 kJ/mol.” |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.8 | 1623 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 6; `ORC-FNSYEOROXF.216909` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.57 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Schiffman 1982_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 3; `ORC-H4FJ2SDGP5.eabae5` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.57 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 82Sch_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 2; `ORC-VYIPCDOX6C.1af756` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -16.564 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 10; `ORC-EDL5P4M62M.88cc55` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -16.4 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Miedema 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363%2880%2990054-6) | Table 1, p. 1, row 7; `ORC-QKXR3ZIA3I.2cec65` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 80Mie_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 4; `ORC-YJQQAJBBCD.5de0f9` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.19 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Schiffman 1982_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 4; `ORC-ANKJ3TH3SA.54239c` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16.19 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 82Sch_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 3; `ORC-JTKMIJ6JZR.193aee` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -16 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 88Deb_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 5; `ORC-AOMOMU3L3S.272c7c` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | -16 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites ref. 1988Deb_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 8; `ORC-BFZNHST4QG.9b58ec` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | -15.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 2.3 | 1473 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Meschel 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031%2897%2900467-x) | Table 1, p. 1, row 5; `ORC-E676TM5HWO.a9c986` |  |
| Nb3Sn |  | 2.768 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1273 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 1, p. 1, row 6; `ORC-E2QFDOSI4G.973975` |  |
| Nb3Sn | [Nb3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Nb3Sn.html) | 2.768 kJ/mol-atom | 1273 | model | -15.81 (mp-aaaaabza) | -18.84 (oqmd-17754) | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 9; `ORC-JEEDJI65BL.f80737` |  |
| Nb6Sn5 |  | -22 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 88Deb_ | Table 2, p. 1, row 1; `ORC-MV6E7ZP3AN` |  |
| Nb6Sn5 |  | -2.653 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1173 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 2, p. 1, row 2; `ORC-5E65PJKKHL` |  |
| NbSn2 | [NbSn2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/NbSn2.html) | -20.143 kJ/mol-atom | 860 | model | -13.422 (mp-aaaaabog) | -19.065 (oqmd-17753) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 4, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-DA4UJZRUD6.2a2bf8` |  |
| NbSn2 |  | -18.21 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.81 | 860 | experimental |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 75Mal_ | Table 3, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-335XCHRYQ6.9eb0d3` |  |
| NbSn2 |  | -18.21 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.81 | 860 | experimental |  |  | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Malets 1975_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-G3OKTMFFXI.f4b893` |  |
| NbSn2 |  | -17.585 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 3, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-BUDOYS2MUA.2ba084` |  |
| NbSn2 | [NbSn2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/NbSn2.html) | -17.585 kJ/mol-atom | 860 | model | -13.422 (mp-aaaaabog) | -19.065 (oqmd-17753) | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-IC3QIP7RFN.18bd22` |  |
| NbSn2 |  | -17.585 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 860 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 3, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-MQRQD3JY45.50a9e3` |  |
| NbSn2 | [NbSn2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/NbSn2.html) | -17.585 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -13.422 (mp-aaaaabog) | -19.065 (oqmd-17753) | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-QKHPA7LXXH.5c7ba3` |  |
| NbSn2 | [NbSn2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/NbSn2.html) | -16 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -13.422 (mp-aaaaabog) | -19.065 (oqmd-17753) | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites ref. 1988Deb_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-5FUVGBB4MQ` |  |
| NbSn2 |  | -16 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 88Deb_ | Table 3, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-DZ3ZTVIBAB.87bc18` |  |
| NbSn2 | [NbSn2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/NbSn2.html) | -15.495 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -13.422 (mp-aaaaabog) | -19.065 (oqmd-17753) | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 4, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-AH2TKUTPIK.31a70e` |  |

## Other properties

### Formation (5)

Table: Formation, Nb–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -10.23 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 3, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-BUDOYS2MUA.ee202c` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -13.58 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 2.45 | 860 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 75Mal_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 1; `ORC-GLCDPPMOV5.582003` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -6.87 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 0.93 | 860 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | experimental | [2] Toffolon 1998; _cites ref. 75Mal_ | Table 3, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-335XCHRYQ6.4f1ce6` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -10.23 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 860 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 3, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-MQRQD3JY45.ffab5a` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | 5.18 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 1273 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [2] Toffolon 1998 | Table 1, p. 1, row 6; `ORC-E2QFDOSI4G.d47193` |  |

### Mixing / partial (2)

Table: Mixing / partial, Nb–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of mixing; _printed: ΔS experimental_ | -13.58 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 2.45 | 860 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Malets 1975_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 1; `ORC-5QCTPOCOCP.b6d758` |  |
| Entropy of mixing; _printed: ΔS experimental_ | -6.87 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 0.93 | 860 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Malets 1975_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-G3OKTMFFXI.bc605d` |  |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (13)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Nb–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: ΔSoptimization_ | -1.84 J/mol/at | 298.15 | Nb0.545Sn0.455; _alloy: Sn 0.455_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-LBXJWFE6SQ.4b3496` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -2.49 J/mol/at | 298.15 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 10; `ORC-EDL5P4M62M.e3fc73` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -3.76 unknown | 298.15 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 4, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-AH2TKUTPIK.0b6acd` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -10.23 unknown | 298.15 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-QKHPA7LXXH.013177` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -5.95 J/mol/at | 860 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 11; `ORC-5US3YVSIRP.3081ca` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS_experimental_ | -13.58 unknown ± 2.45 | 860 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | experimental | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Malets 1975_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 2; `ORC-YEQL2PUFBH.00ecc6` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -13 unknown | 860 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 4, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-DA4UJZRUD6.9583ef` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -10.23 unknown | 860 | NbSn2; _alloy: Sn 0.666667_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 4, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-IC3QIP7RFN.0212ec` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔSoptimization_ | -8.12 J/mol/at | 1173 | Nb0.545Sn0.455; _alloy: Sn 0.455_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 3, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-ON3EU26GF3.59d7b7` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -5.89 J/mol/at | 1273 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 12; `ORC-HQWMWGGOBN.4d02be` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | 5.18 J/mol/at | 1273 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002; _cites Toffolon 2002_ | Table 1, p. 1, row 9; `ORC-JEEDJI65BL.ea4aa0` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -5.63 J/mol/at | 1473 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 13; `ORC-5JSPVXJKBJ.bfcc3f` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: ΔS optimization_ | -5.13 J/mol/at | 1623 | Nb3Sn; _alloy: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Toffolon 2002 | Table 1, p. 1, row 14; `ORC-G3BCWQLK6C.3b348e` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002). [doi:10.1361/1054971023604071](https://doi.org/10.1361/1054971023604071)
2. C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998). [doi:10.1361/105497198770341978](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770341978)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).