Ni–Pb system

31 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (experimental 1, model 27, unspecified 3); 4 calculated phase diagram(s). 19 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (4) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	1
model	27
unspecified	3

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	31

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
NiPb-00Wan-LB.tdb	C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000). doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1	`8aeb2c456644892c48cc69c68f1359d8270568048818245ae2a29c74ac2565f9`	viewer · TDB · JSON
NiPb-10Kai.tdb	I. Kainulainen, P. Taskinen, J. Gisby, Calphad, 34, 441-45(2010). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.08.001	`72882d15b39ccedf48986f778a98cd81f9b8776c8475bc9c9dd24da0296daa89`	viewer · TDB · JSON
NiPb-13Vaa.tdb	I. Vaajamo, P. Taskinen, J. Gisby, Calphad, 42, 66-75(2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.06.004	`45da44d5203a07e7cea3560423f85704130ce165b0f3de99e74c7ee9b6beeec9`	viewer · TDB · JSON
NiPb-99Gho.tdb	G. Ghosh, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30A, 1481-94(1999).	`76b83859e1d1c4ef80573bcb295d5757f3bd377c1226ba2d80086088ad849659`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
NiPb-00Wan-LB.tdb	1613.31	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.01048) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.13639) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.60051)
NiPb-00Wan-LB.tdb	599.5	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.00548) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99741) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99918)
NiPb-10Kai.tdb	1626.4	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.00128) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.11909) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.59666)
NiPb-10Kai.tdb	598.32	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 2.100e-4) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99624) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99976)
NiPb-13Vaa.tdb	1618.88	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.00154) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.12856) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.5872)
NiPb-13Vaa.tdb	598.15	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.996) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.99977)
NiPb-13Vaa.tdb	598.15	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99597) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99976)
NiPb-99Gho.tdb	1614.07	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.00768) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.14124) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.53233)
NiPb-99Gho.tdb	599.51	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.005) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99712) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99885)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull NiPb-00Wan-LB · CALPHAD hull NiPb-10Kai · CALPHAD hull NiPb-99Gho

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ni–Pb system (31)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1833.9	critical point: L -> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.317	model	[1] Wang 2000	Table 3, p. 17, row 3 report
1833.9	critical point: L -> L1 + L2	L: Pb 0.32	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Wang 2000 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 2 report
1833.9	critical point: LIQUID -> LIQUID#1+LIQUID#2	LIQUID: Pb 0.317	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Wang 2000 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 2 report
1828.2	critical point: L -> L1+L2		unspecified	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 91Nas	Table 3, p. 17, row 2 report
1828	critical point: L -> L1 + L2	L: Pb 0.29	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Nash 1987 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 1 report
1824	critical point: LIQUID -> LIQUID#1+LIQUID#2	LIQUID: Pb 0.294	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 1 report
1824	critical point: L -> L1 + L2	L: Pb 0.29	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 3 report
1823.2	critical point: L -> L1+L2		experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 60Mil	Table 3, p. 17, row 1 report
1804.8	critical point: LIQUID -> LIQUID#1+LIQUID#2	LIQUID: Pb 0.2723	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Kainulainen 2010 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 3 report
1804.76	critical point: L -> L1 + L2	L: Pb 0.2723	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010	Table 2, p. 4, row 4 report
1781.8	critical point: LIQUID -> LIQUID#1+LIQUID#2	LIQUID: Pb 0.2679	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013	Table 4, p. 6, row 4 report
1626.5	monotectic: LIQUID#1 -> LIQUID#2+FCC_A1#1	LIQUID#1: Pb 0.11911; LIQUID#2: Pb 0.5965; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0.00128	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Kainulainen 2010 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 7 report
1626.47	monotectic: L1 -> L2 + (Ni)	L1: Pb 0.1191; L2: Pb 0.5965; (Ni): Pb 0.0013	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010	Table 2, p. 4, row 8 report
1618.9	monotectic: LIQUID#1 -> LIQUID#2+FCC_A1#1	LIQUID#1: Pb 0.12857; LIQUID#2: Pb 0.58721; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0.00154	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013	Table 4, p. 6, row 8 report
1614	monotectic: L1 -> L2 + (Ni)	L1: Pb 0.14; L2: Pb 0.53; (Ni): Pb 0.01	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 7 report
1614	monotectic: LIQUID#1 -> LIQUID#2+FCC_A1#1	LIQUID#1: Pb 0.1412; LIQUID#2: Pb 0.5323; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0.0077	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 5 report
1613.3	monotectic: L1 -> L2 + (Ni)	L1: Pb 0.14; L2: Pb 0.6; (Ni): Pb 0.01	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Wang 2000 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 6 report
1613.3	monotectic: L1 -> L2+(Ni)	L1: Pb 0.136; L2: Pb 0.6; (Ni): Pb 0.0105	model	[1] Wang 2000	Table 3, p. 17, row 5 report
1613.3	monotectic: LIQUID#1 -> LIQUID#2+FCC_A1#1	LIQUID#1: Pb 0.136; LIQUID#2: Pb 0.6; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0.0105	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Wang 2000 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 6 report
1613.2	monotectic: L1 -> L2+(Ni)	L1: Pb 0.116; L2: Pb 0.57; (Ni): Pb 0.01	unspecified	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 91Nas	Table 3, p. 17, row 4 report
1613.15	monotectic: L1 -> L2 + (Ni)	L1: Pb 0.12; L2: Pb 0.57; (Ni): Pb 0.01	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Nash 1987 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 5 report
599.6	eutectic: L2 -> (Ni) + (Pb)	L2: Pb 1; (Ni): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 11 report
599.6	eutectic: LIQUID#2 -> FCC_A1#1+FCC_A1#2	LIQUID#2: Pb 0.9971; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0.0049; FCC_A1#2: Pb 0.9989	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 9 report
599.5	eutectic: L2 -> (Ni) + (Pb)	L2: Pb 1; (Ni): Pb 0.55; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Wang 2000 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 10 report
599.5	eutectic: LIQUID#2 -> FCC_A1#1+FCC_A1#2	LIQUID#2: Pb 0.9974; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0.0055; FCC_A1#2: Pb 0.9992	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Wang 2000 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 10 report
599.5	eutectic: L2 -> (Ni)+(Pb)	L2: Pb 0.9974; (Ni): Pb 0.0055; (Pb): Pb 0.9992	model	[1] Wang 2000	Table 3, p. 17, row 7 report
598.32	eutectic: L2 -> (Ni) + (Pb)	L2: Pb 1; (Ni): Pb 2.000e-4; (Pb): Pb 0.99976	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010	Table 2, p. 4, row 12 report
598.3	eutectic: LIQUID#2 -> FCC_A1#1+FCC_A1#2	LIQUID#2: Pb 0.99624; FCC_A1#1: Pb 2.100e-4; FCC_A1#2: Pb 0.99976	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013 cites Kainulainen 2010 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 11 report
598.2	eutectic: LIQUID#2 -> FCC_A1#1+FCC_A1#2	LIQUID#2: Pb 0.996; FCC_A1#1: Pb 0; FCC_A1#2: Pb 0.99977	model	[3] Vaajamo 2013	Table 4, p. 6, row 12 report
597.2	eutectic: L2 -> (Ni)+(Pb)	L2: Pb 0.995; (Ni): Pb 0.01; (Pb): Pb 0.998	unspecified	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 91Nas	Table 3, p. 17, row 6 report
597.15	eutectic: L2 -> (Ni) + (Pb)	L2: Pb 1; (Ni): Pb 0.01; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Kainulainen 2010 cites Nash 1987 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 9 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Cui Ping Wang, Xing Jun Liu, Ikuo Ohnuma, Ryosuke Kainuma, Kiyohito Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ni-Pb system, Calphad 24, 149-167 (2000). doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1
I. Kainulainen, P. Taskinen, J. Gisby, A thermodynamic assessment of the nickel–lead system, Calphad 34, 441-445 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.08.001
I. Vaajamo, P. Taskinen, J.A. Gisby, A solubility study and thermodynamic description of the system Fe–Ni–Pb, Calphad 42, 66-75 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.06.004

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}