# Pb–Pd system > Pb–Pd system: 74 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 42, formation 20, phase transition 12) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PB-PD.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PB-PD.md 74 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 34, model 35, unspecified 5); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 7 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV. Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/PB-PD.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PB-PD.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#PB-PD) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#PB-PD/PbPd-99Gho-LB.json) · [phases (11)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/PB-PD.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/PB-PD.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PB-PD.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | experimental | 34 | | model | 35 | | unspecified | 5 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | invariant reaction | 42 | | phase transition | 12 | | formation | 20 | ## Calculated phase diagrams Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model. Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram | TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links | |---|---|---|---| | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | G. Ghosh, J. Phase Equilib., 20, 309-15(1999). [doi:10.1361/105497199770335820](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497199770335820) | `a6b12a66bf798e9fbbc9f8bc89fc96d764ac410419df12a0ecf3cebe978940d7` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#PB-PD/PbPd-99Gho-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/PbPd-99Gho-LB.json) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | G. Ghosh, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30A, 5-18(1999). | `117b1cc58e11a36ad0f7d5e82c10e331b172da62a7bf82d0251912aa6e17737f` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#PB-PD/PbPd-99Gho-alt.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/PbPd-99Gho-alt.json) | Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component) | TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant | |---|---:|---| | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 1472.48 | PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.7718) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.79673) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.83311) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 1107.57 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.59857) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.63997) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75001) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 884.04 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.52149) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.62371) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 793.78 | PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.65915) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65958) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 792.9 | PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.6562) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65707) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 775.81 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.44448) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 775.8 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.44418) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 726.54 | PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.39058) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 726.54 | PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.39075) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 726.54 | PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.39042) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 704.34 | PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_ALPHA (x(Pd) 0.625) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65948) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 689.62 | PB3PD5_ALPHA (x(Pd) 0.625) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.66001) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 533.54 | FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.0016) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.08706) + PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) | | PbPd-99Gho-LB.tdb | 533.54 | FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.00159) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.08677) + PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 1464.11 | PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.77988) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.81049) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.84895) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 1107.84 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.59993) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.63637) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75001) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 1107.84 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.59993) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.63637) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75001) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 883.93 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.5253) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.61994) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 883.93 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.52529) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.61994) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 796.72 | PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.6563) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65649) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 796.51 | PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_B82 (x(Pd) 0.65378) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65431) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 774.87 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.45117) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 774.87 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.45144) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 774.87 | LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.45106) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) + PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 725.09 | PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.39917) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 725.09 | PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.39951) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 725.09 | PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.39903) + PBPD (x(Pd) 0.5) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 703.84 | PB9PD13 (x(Pd) 0.59) + PB3PD5_ALPHA (x(Pd) 0.625) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65763) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 693.04 | PB3PD5_ALPHA (x(Pd) 0.625) + PB3PD5_B81 (x(Pd) 0.65808) + PBPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 527.23 | FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.00174) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.08548) + PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) | | PbPd-99Gho-alt.tdb | 527.23 | FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.00174) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.08543) + PB2PD_C16 (x(Pd) 0.333) | Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/PB/PB-PD.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/PB/PB-PD.json) · [CALPHAD hull PbPd-99Gho-alt](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/PB/PB-PD--PbPd-99Gho-alt.json) ## Invariant reactions (literature) Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Pb–Pd system (42) | T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1473 | eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Pb | L: Pd 0.7967; (Pd): Pd 0.8331; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.7719 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-OS2WQSME4R` | | | 1470 | eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Pb | L: Pd 0.79; (Pd): Pd 0.86; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.78 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-56SRL3QR63` | | | 1470 | eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Pb | L: Pd 0.79; (Pd): Pd 0.86; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.78 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table I, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-5RYDOPE4B2` | | | 1465 | eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Pb | L: Pd 0.8107; (Pd): Pd 0.8491; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.7799 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-LU3X756622` | | | 1108 | L + Pd3Pb -> γPd5Pb3 | L: Pd 0.6; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75; γPd5Pb3: Pd 0.635 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table 1, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-33N3QM3K5J` | | | 1108 | L + Pd3Pb -> γ-Pd5Pb3 | L: Pd 0.5998; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75; γ-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.6363 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-6TE6HBIP6Y` | | | 1108 | L + Pd3Pb -> γ-Pd5Pb3 | L: Pd 0.6; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75; γ-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.635 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table I, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-JPY6Q4FCPC` | | | 1108 | peritectic | | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ | p. 2; `ORC-KDHRYKIVXH.5de1f6` | “The g-Pd5Pb3 phase forms by a peritectic reaction at 1108 K.\[11,13,14\]” | | 1108 | L + Pd3Pb -> γPd5Pb3 | L: Pd 0.5985; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75; γPd5Pb3: Pd 0.6399 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-TEXPGFMCQL` | | | 1103 | peritectic | | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | p. 1; `ORC-ASHGXNQTBO.175297` | “Both the Pd3Pb and PdPb2 phases melt congruently\[5\] at 1493 and 727 K, respectively, and the Pd2Pb, Pd6Pb5, and PdPb phases form by peritectic reactions at 1103, 868, and 768 K,\[5\] respectively.” | | 1103 | L + Pd3Pb -> γPd5Pb3 | L: Pd 0.59; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75; γPd5Pb3: Pd 0.6 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table 1, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-EOQJPHCYUN` | | | 1103 | L + Pd3Pb -> γ-Pd5Pb3 | L: Pd 0.59; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75; γ-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.6 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table I, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-YXD7YGUPJL` | | | 884 | L + γPd5Pb3 -> Pd13Pb9 | L: Pd 0.5213; γPd5Pb3: Pd 0.6231; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-IGKWE6FRMF` | | | 884 | L + γPd5Pb3 -> Pd13Pb9 | L: Pd 0.505; γPd5Pb3: Pd 0.61; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.587 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table 1, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-JYC6E3LNYO` | | | 884 | L + γ-Pd5Pb3 -> Pd13Pb9 | L: Pd 0.5252; γ-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.6199; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-K3I5DQMXQV` | | | 884 | L + γ-Pd5Pb3 -> Pd13Pb9 | L: Pd 0.505; γ-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.61; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.587 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table I, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-ZJIZ5D77FU` | | | 868 | peritectic | | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | p. 1; `ORC-ASHGXNQTBO.a42a46` | “Both the Pd3Pb and PdPb2 phases melt congruently\[5\] at 1493 and 727 K, respectively, and the Pd2Pb, Pd6Pb5, and PdPb phases form by peritectic reactions at 1103, 868, and 768 K,\[5\] respectively.” | | 776 | L + Pd13Pb9 -> PdPb | L: Pd 0.4442; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59; PdPb: Pd 0.5 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-7DHEBDOVIF` | | | 775 | L + Pd13Pb9 -> PdPb | L: Pd 0.4512; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59; PdPb: Pd 0.5 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-TQPYBMNOOG` | | | 774 | L + Pd13Pb9 -> PdPb | Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.587; PdPb: Pd 0.5 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table 1, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-GVX643QT45` | | | 774 | L + Pd13Pb9 -> PdPb | Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.587; PdPb: Pd 0.5 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table I, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-OZF4CD2U4K` | | | 768 | L + Pd13Pb9 -> PdPb | L: Pd 0.425; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59; PdPb: Pd 0.5 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table 1, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-5HK622MENN` | | | 768 | peritectic | | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | p. 1; `ORC-ASHGXNQTBO.1f6126` | “Both the Pd3Pb and PdPb2 phases melt congruently\[5\] at 1493 and 727 K, respectively, and the Pd2Pb, Pd6Pb5, and PdPb phases form by peritectic reactions at 1103, 868, and 768 K,\[5\] respectively.” | | 768 | L + Pd13Pb9 -> PdPb | L: Pd 0.425; Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59; PdPb: Pd 0.5 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table I, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-K5CFISVBSZ` | | | 727 | eutectic: L -> PdPb + PdPb2 | L: Pd 0.393; PdPb: Pd 0.5; PdPb2: Pd 0.333 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table I, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-3MZINB2PUL` | | | 727 | eutectic: L -> PdPB + PdPb2 | L: Pd 0.393; PdPB: Pd 0.5; PdPb2: Pd 0.333 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-G4DJIQ7WAF` | | | 727 | eutectic: L -> PdPB + PdPb2 | L: Pd 0.3909; PdPB: Pd 0.5; PdPb2: Pd 0.333 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-RKOGHXKDPN` | | | 725 | eutectic: L -> PdPb + PdPb2 | L: Pd 0.3992; PdPb: Pd 0.5; PdPb2: Pd 0.333 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-UKY63MIAFV` | | | 704 | Pd13Pb9 + βPd5Pb3 -> αPd5Pb3 | Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59; βPd5Pb3: Pd 0.6576; αPd5Pb3: Pd 0.625 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-4Y4OVO3JCE` | | | 704 | Pd13Pb9 + β-Pd5Pb3 -> α-Pd5Pb3 | Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.59; β-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.6576; α-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.625 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-N3ODZPKG6M` | | | 703 | Pd13Pb9 + βPd5Pb3 -> αPd5Pb3 | Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.587; βPd5Pb3: Pd 0.63; αPd5Pb3: Pd 0.625 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table 1, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-BFTOUS2ZAZ` | | | 703 | Pd13Pb9 + β-Pd5Pb3 -> α-Pd5Pb3 | Pd13Pb9: Pd 0.587; β-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.63; α-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.625 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table I, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-O5ISXO4Y4S` | | | 696 | β-Pd5Pb3 -> α-Pd5Pb3 + Pd3Pb | β-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.63; α-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.625; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table I, p. 4, row 18; `ORC-LTESBVMHTR` | | | 696 | βPd5Pb3 -> αPd5Pb3 + Pd3Pb | βPd5Pb3: Pd 0.63; αPd5Pb3: Pd 0.625; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1973-640807) | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-OFG5LRCAR3` | | | 693 | β-Pd5Pb3 -> α-Pd5Pb3 + Pd3Pb | β-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.6581; α-Pd5Pb3: Pd 0.625; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-3G67XBH4WY` | | | 690 | βPd5Pb3 -> αPd5Pb3 + Pd3Pb | βPd5Pb3: Pd 0.6581; αPd5Pb3: Pd 0.625; Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-WCAWWAZ7WJ` | | | 538 | eutectic: L -> PdPb2 + (Pb) | L: Pd 0.093; PdPb2: Pd 0.333; (Pb): Pd 0 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table 1, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-7MBL3X64BP` | | | 538 | eutectic: L -> PdPb2 + (Pb) | L: Pd 0.093; PdPb2: Pd 0.333; (Pb): Pd 0 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table I, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-A4LUWPNKUM` | | | 534 | eutectic: L -> PdPb2 + (Pb) | L: Pd 0.0913; PdPb2: Pd 0.333; (Pb): Pd 0.0016 | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-IYC56QQGO3` | | | 533 | eutectic: L -> PdPb2 + (Pb) | L: Pd 0.0929; PdPb2: Pd 0.333; (Pb): Pd 0 | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Mayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990218-0) | Table 1, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-HCHXDPPJ3H` | | | 533 | eutectic: L -> PdPb2 + (Pb) | L: Pd 0.0929; PdPb2: Pd 0.333; (Pb): Pd 0 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Mayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990218-0) | Table I, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-L4Q33ZPU2B` | | | 527 | eutectic: L -> PdPb2 + (Pb) | L: Pd 0.0854; PdPb2: Pd 0.333; (Pb): Pd 0.0017 | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-TGEKEK33RG` | | ## Formation enthalpies Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json). Table: Enthalpies of formation, Pb–Pd system (20) | Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---| | Pd13Pb9 | [Pb9Pd13](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb9Pd13.html) | -47 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -24.677 (mp-aaaabtpq) | -24.524 (oqmd-2053086) | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1999_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-3GITI2IEWM` | | | Pd13Pb9 | [Pb9Pd13](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb9Pd13.html) | -47 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -24.677 (mp-aaaabtpq) | -24.524 (oqmd-2053086) | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table II, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-MDL3QICOVT.777f4d` | | | Pd13Pb9 | [Pb9Pd13](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb9Pd13.html) | -40.957 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | unspecified | -24.677 (mp-aaaabtpq) | -24.524 (oqmd-2053086) | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table II, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-2LPATHXS4L.aea3b7` | | | Pd13Pb9 | [Pb9Pd13](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb9Pd13.html) | -40.057 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -24.677 (mp-aaaabtpq) | -24.524 (oqmd-2053086) | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 2, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-QRVQSFJ5WZ` | | | Pd3Pb | [PbPd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd3.html) | -36.414 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | unspecified | -28.939 (mp-aaaabevx) | -28.912 (oqmd-7834) | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table II, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-MH3KM2VYEF.263a2d` | | | Pd3Pb | [PbPd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd3.html) | -36 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -28.939 (mp-aaaabevx) | -28.912 (oqmd-7834) | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1999_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-A4UB2KK423` | | | Pd3Pb | [PbPd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd3.html) | -36 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -28.939 (mp-aaaabevx) | -28.912 (oqmd-7834) | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table II, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-KKWFHSKEUQ.61c1c1` | | | Pd3Pb | [PbPd3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd3.html) | -35.804 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -28.939 (mp-aaaabevx) | -28.912 (oqmd-7834) | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 2, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-WOIMBPREZU` | | | PdPb | [PbPd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd.html) | -46 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -25.205 (mp-aaacqwgt) | -24.877 (oqmd-1371741) | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table II, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-LFBA3NCDUR` | | | PdPb | [PbPd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd.html) | -46 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -25.205 (mp-aaacqwgt) | -24.877 (oqmd-1371741) | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1999_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-UO46G4XCPC` | | | PdPb | [PbPd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd.html) | -36.342 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | unspecified | -25.205 (mp-aaacqwgt) | -24.877 (oqmd-1371741) | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table II, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-FC66LVEZHD` | | | PdPb | [PbPd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/PbPd.html) | -35.326 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -25.205 (mp-aaacqwgt) | -24.877 (oqmd-1371741) | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 2, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-BCQHSOKFZZ` | | | PdPb2 | [Pb2Pd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb2Pd.html) | -34 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -19.777 (mp-aaaabemh) | -19.994 (oqmd-17910) | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1999_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-DRDRUEPRBG` | | | PdPb2 | [Pb2Pd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb2Pd.html) | -24.836 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -19.777 (mp-aaaabemh) | -19.994 (oqmd-17910) | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 2, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-MJBLVPOMLU` | | | PdPb₂ | [Pb2Pd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb2Pd.html) | -34 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -19.777 (mp-aaaabemh) | -19.994 (oqmd-17910) | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table II, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-7376HAODJ2.0c38fc` | | | PdPb₂ | [Pb2Pd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb2Pd.html) | -27.606 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | unspecified | -19.777 (mp-aaaabemh) | -19.994 (oqmd-17910) | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table II, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-OCXJTXZ3YG.482900` | | | α-Pd5Pb3 | [Pb3Pd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb3Pd5.html) | -40.273 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | unspecified | -25.801 (mp-aaacpqjv) | -25.789 (oqmd-2028305) | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table II, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-7YVBHD6XTS.0ee9df` | | | α-Pd₅Pb₃ | [Pb3Pd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb3Pd5.html) | -46 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -25.801 (mp-aaacpqjv) | -25.789 (oqmd-2028305) | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1988_ | Table II, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-FV3MKQISJ3.3c28f2` | | | αPd5Pb3 | [Pb3Pd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb3Pd5.html) | -46 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -25.801 (mp-aaacpqjv) | -25.789 (oqmd-2028305) | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites F 1999_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-WYIDRCK3O6` | | | αPd5Pb3 | [Pb3Pd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Pb3Pd5.html) | -39.445 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -25.801 (mp-aaacpqjv) | -25.789 (oqmd-2028305) | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 2, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-DVZD6JTFN2` | | ## Other properties ### Phase transition (12) Table: Phase transition, Pb–Pd system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Phase transition | 727 K | 727 | congruent melting | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | p. 1; `ORC-ASHGXNQTBO.cdb61c` | “Both the Pd3Pb and PdPb2 phases melt congruently\[5\] at 1493 and 727 K, respectively, and the Pd2Pb, Pd6Pb5, and PdPb phases form by peritectic reactions at 1103, 868, and 768 K,\[5\] respectively.” | | Phase transition | 745 K | 745 | L -> PdPb2; _L: Pd 0.667_ | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-HJ23RKU5UQ` | | | Phase transition | 747 K | 747 | L -> PdPb2; _PdPb2: Pd 0.667_ | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Mayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990218-0) | Table I, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-SVDK6WTQLS` | | | Phase transition | 747 K | 747 | L -> PdPb2; _L: Pd 0.667_ | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Mayer 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990218-0) | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-WFSRCCTAXG` | | | Phase transition | 748 K | 748 | L -> PdPb2; _PdPb2: Pd 0.667_ | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-V3HQ26YJYN` | | | Phase transition | 791 K | 791 | g-Pd5Pb3 -> b-Pd5Pb3 | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999 | p. 3; `ORC-IUR7T2DSIL` | “The g-Pd5Pb3 phase is isotypic with NiAs and undergoes an ordering transition to b-Pd5Pb3 around 791 K.” | | Phase transition | 791 K | 791 | other | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ellner 1973_ | p. 2; `ORC-KDHRYKIVXH.33faa1` | “It is isotypic with NiAs and undergoes an ordering transition to b-Pd5Pb3 around 791 K.” | | Phase transition | 1493 K | 1493 | L -> Pd3Pb; _Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75_ | experimental | [1] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-IICOG6WSPV` | | | Phase transition | 1493 K | 1493 | L -> Pd3Pb; _Pd3Pb: Pd 0.75_ | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | Table I, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-XVAD4FM3YP` | | | Phase transition | 1493 K | 1493 | congruent melting | experimental | [2] Ghosh 1999; _cites Ruer 1907_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19070520131) | p. 1; `ORC-ASHGXNQTBO.2e9bea` | “Both the Pd3Pb and PdPb2 phases melt congruently\[5\] at 1493 and 727 K, respectively, and the Pd2Pb, Pd6Pb5, and PdPb phases form by peritectic reactions at 1103, 868, and 768 K,\[5\] respectively.” | | Phase transition | 1494 K | 1494 | L -> Pd3Pb; _Pd3Pb: Pd 0.7547_ | model | [1] Ghosh 1999 | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-GUOE6EF45Q` | | | Phase transition | 1506 K | 1506 | L -> Pd3Pb; _Pd3Pb: Pd 0.7547_ | model | [2] Ghosh 1999 | Table I, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-BW3B645IEZ` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead system, JPE 20, 309-315 (1999). [doi:10.1361/105497199770335820](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497199770335820) 2. G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999). [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859} } @misc{orchid_hulls_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).