# Pd–Ti system

> Pd–Ti system: 28 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 28) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PD-TI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PD-TI.md

28 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 13, model 15); 1 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/PD-TI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PD-TI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#PD-TI) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#PD-TI/PdTi-11Guo.json) · [phases (10)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/PD-TI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/PD-TI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PD-TI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 13 |
| model | 15 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 28 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | C. Guo, M. Li, C. Li, Z. Du, Calphad, 35, 512-17(2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.07.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2011.07.004) | `e8810155ee2f9664e23027a4b59b55a950342f417372a14d11269d9be34c6fd2` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#PD-TI/PdTi-11Guo.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdTi-11Guo.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/PdTi-11Guo.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1752.93 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20832) + FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.21354) + PD3TI_D024 (x(Ti) 0.25) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1752.93 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20795) + FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.21321) + PD3TI_D024 (x(Ti) 0.25) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1673.39 | PD3TI_D024 (x(Ti) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.32266) + PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.33839) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1673.39 | PD3TI_D024 (x(Ti) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.32253) + PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.33836) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1602.73 | PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.36571) + PD3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.40218) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1572.96 | PD3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.42772) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.44392) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1572.96 | PD3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.42772) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.44392) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 1154.99 | HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 1) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 1) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 963.06 | PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.66667) + PDTI3_A15 (x(Ti) 0.75) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.85453) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 963.06 | PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.66667) + PDTI3_A15 (x(Ti) 0.75) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.85452) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 963.06 | PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.66667) + PDTI3_A15 (x(Ti) 0.75) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.85452) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 868.41 | PDTI3_A15 (x(Ti) 0.75) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.91084) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.97157) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 868.41 | PDTI3_A15 (x(Ti) 0.75) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91091) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.97159) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 868.41 | PDTI3_A15 (x(Ti) 0.75) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.91091) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.97159) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 793.01 | PD3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.48313) + PDTI_B19 (x(Ti) 0.48749) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 793.01 | PD3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.48313) + PDTI_B19 (x(Ti) 0.48749) |
| PdTi-11Guo.tdb | 783 | PDTI_B19 (x(Ti) 0.51282) + B2_BCC (x(Ti) 0.51788) + PDTI_C11B (x(Ti) 0.66667) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/PD/PD-TI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/PD/PD-TI.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Pd–Ti system (28)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1803 | congruent melting: liq. -> Pd3Ti | L: Ti 0.25; Pd3Ti: Pd 0.75, Ti 0.25 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-NIVM5XIAYO` |  |
| 1803 | congruent melting: liq. -> Pd3Ti | L: Ti 0.25; Pd3Ti: Pd 0.75, Ti 0.25 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-TO4AE3MPGD` |  |
| 1753 | liq. + Pd3Ti -> fcc | L: Ti 0.2; Pd3Ti: Pd 0.75, Ti 0.25; fcc: Ti 0.22 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-6I3HKKPBIB` |  |
| 1753 | liq. + Pd3Ti -> fcc | L: Ti 0.2079; Pd3Ti: Pd 0.75, Ti 0.25; fcc: Ti 0.2132 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-D66UVJSKMU` |  |
| 1685 | congruent melting: liq. -> Pd2Ti | L: Ti 0.3433; Pd2Ti: Ti 0.3433 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-CRM6JXAQH7` |  |
| 1673 | eutectic: liq. -> Pd3Ti + Pd2Ti | L: Ti 0.3227; Pd3Ti: Pd 0.75, Ti 0.25; Pd2Ti: Ti 0.3384 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-4CL5IV7HR4` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. -> fcc | L: Ti 0.15; fcc: Ti 0.15 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-CZ2AHL5GME` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. -> fcc | L: Ti 0.0953; fcc: Ti 0.0953 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-EMFOXBCY7Z` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. -> βPdTi | L: Ti 0.5008; βPdTi: Ti 0.5008 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-G4BHJMZJNU` |  |
| 1673 | eutectic: liq. -> Pd3Ti + Pd2Ti | L: Ti 0.35; Pd3Ti: Pd 0.75, Ti 0.25; Pd2Ti: Ti 0.333 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-V5WGWC7DU6` |  |
| 1673 | congruent melting: liq. -> βPdTi | L: Ti 0.5; βPdTi: Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-YNBOK5LT6M` |  |
| 1603 | liq. + Pd2Ti -> Pd3Ti2 | L: Ti 0.4022; Pd2Ti: Ti 0.3657; Pd3Ti2: Pd 0.6, Ti 0.4 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-6NZIQW5YNT` |  |
| 1603 | liq. + Pd2Ti -> Pd3Ti2 | L: Ti 0.41; Pd2Ti: Ti 0.35; Pd3Ti2: Pd 0.6, Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-RIEM7QSELG` |  |
| 1573 | eutectic: liq. -> Pd3Ti2 + βPdTi | L: Ti 0.4277; Pd3Ti2: Pd 0.6, Ti 0.4; βPdTi: Ti 0.4439 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-G6CXD2667H` |  |
| 1573 | eutectic: liq. -> Pd3Ti2 + βPdTi | L: Ti 0.42; Pd3Ti2: Pd 0.6, Ti 0.4; βPdTi: Ti 0.47 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-HKMNQMF66W` |  |
| 1393 | congruent melting: liq. -> bcc | L: Ti 0.6805; bcc: Ti 0.6805 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-TQBAZVBSPY` |  |
| 1393 | congruent melting: liq. -> bcc | L: Ti 0.68; bcc: Ti 0.68 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-VKX4IKEQWS` |  |
| 1233 | polymorphic: βPdTi -> PdTi2 | βPdTi: Ti 0.667; PdTi2: Pd 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-ACAMZCSYR4` |  |
| 1233 | polymorphic: βPdTi -> PdTi2 | βPdTi: Ti 0.6667; PdTi2: Pd 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-RONB2GHSRK` |  |
| 963 | bcc + PdTi2 -> PdTi3 | bcc: Ti 0.8545; PdTi2: Pd 0.333333, Ti 0.666667; PdTi3: Pd 0.25, Ti 0.75 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-DRAO6KSE4Q` |  |
| 963 | bcc + PdTi2 -> PdTi3 | bcc: Ti 0.88; PdTi2: Pd 0.333333, Ti 0.666667; PdTi3: Pd 0.25, Ti 0.75 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-RFGZ3XFQMB` |  |
| 868 | bcc -> PdTi3 + hcp | bcc: Ti 0.911; PdTi3: Pd 0.25, Ti 0.75; hcp: Ti 0.9716 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-EKYTETVCNK` |  |
| 868 | bcc -> PdTi3 + hcp | bcc: Ti 0.9; PdTi3: Pd 0.25, Ti 0.75; hcp: Ti 0.99 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Okamoto 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02652177) | Table 3, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-VB4M53OTUQ` |  |
| 813 | polymorphic: βPdTi -> αPdTi | βPdTi: Ti 0.4983; αPdTi: Ti 0.4983 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 24; `ORC-VAUHCV3KHI` |  |
| 793 | βPdTi -> Pd3Ti2 + αPdTi | βPdTi: Ti 0.4831; Pd3Ti2: Pd 0.6, Ti 0.4; αPdTi: Ti 0.4875 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 25; `ORC-5AKQJ2OKDP` |  |
| 793 | βPdTi -> Pd3Ti2 + αPdTi | βPdTi: Pd 0.5, Ti 0.5; Pd3Ti2: Pd 0.6, Ti 0.4; αPdTi: Pd 0.5, Ti 0.5 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Raub 1968_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 26; `ORC-H44JOWNFZK` |  |
| 783 | βPdTi -> αPdTi + PdTi2 | βPdTi: Pd 0.5, Ti 0.5; αPdTi: Pd 0.5, Ti 0.5; PdTi2: Pd 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Guo 2011; _cites Raub 1968_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 28; `ORC-OVMCG44KVM` |  |
| 783 | βPdTi -> αPdTi + PdTi2 | βPdTi: Ti 0.5179; αPdTi: Ti 0.5128; PdTi2: Pd 0.333333, Ti 0.666667 | model | [1] Guo 2011 | Table 3, p. 6, row 27; `ORC-QSXOBBWCCG` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Cuiping Guo, Mei Li, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, A thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Ti system, Calphad 35, 512-517 (2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.07.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2011.07.004)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).