# Ru–Sm system

> Ru–Sm system: 86 accepted literature values (formation 80, crystal structure 6) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU-SM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU-SM.md

86 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (model 66, DFT 10, unspecified 10); 1 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/RU-SM.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU-SM.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#RU-SM) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#RU-SM/RuSm-23Kar.json) · [phases (9)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/RU-SM.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/RU-SM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU-SM.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| model | 66 |
| DFT | 10 |
| unspecified | 10 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| formation | 80 |
| crystal structure | 6 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V.P. Vassiliev, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 44, 300-23(2023). [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) | `a4c9d51d324b0c371c9957f7a23a704798167ea31d715adddf2e19896ba1a2ab` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#RU-SM/RuSm-23Kar.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/RuSm-23Kar.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 2001.11 | HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.00164) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.20333) + RU2SM_C15 (x(Sm) 0.33333) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 2001.11 | HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.00164) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.20326) + RU2SM_C15 (x(Sm) 0.33333) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1344.99 | RU2SM_C15 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 1) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 1) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1210.37 | RU2SM_C15 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + RU25SM44 (x(Sm) 0.63768) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.65642) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1210.37 | RU2SM_C15 (x(Sm) 0.33333) + RU25SM44 (x(Sm) 0.63768) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.65624) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1205.2 | RU25SM44 (x(Sm) 0.63768) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.66688) + RU2SM5 (x(Sm) 0.71429) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1205.2 | RU25SM44 (x(Sm) 0.63768) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.667) + RU2SM5 (x(Sm) 0.71429) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1205.2 | RU25SM44 (x(Sm) 0.63768) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.6666) + RU2SM5 (x(Sm) 0.71429) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1195.12 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.93253) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99996) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99999) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1195.12 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.93256) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99996) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99999) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1194.35 | RU2SM5 (x(Sm) 0.71429) + RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.77297) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1194.34 | RU2SM5 (x(Sm) 0.71429) + RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.77318) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1048.98 | RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.87525) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99994) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1048.98 | RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.87534) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99994) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1002.51 | RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99996) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1002.51 | RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99996) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) |
| RuSm-23Kar.tdb | 1002.51 | RUSM3_D011 (x(Sm) 0.75) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99996) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/RU/RU-SM.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/RU/RU-SM.json)

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ru–Sm system (44)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ln3Ru |  | -37.5761 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-UPUHZZ36MP.5b3c03` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -26.5979 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 16; `ORC-MEIGABTSTE.20633e` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -23.2407 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 17; `ORC-YFETJQWIR6.63dcd2` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -23.031 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 18; `ORC-CWDYDSSFDH.4bb3c0` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -22.261 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table 3, p. 9, row 19; `ORC-CQCXNYUPBR.2bb118` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -21.4787 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-4JYCG4XICG.13ae81` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -21.3059 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-QYU25EOBQY.e14bdc` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -66.9039 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 69; `ORC-JZHFYEPKKT.aa26f6` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -45.7907 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 72; `ORC-YYPZWNUC37.5c17b7` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -36.702 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 70; `ORC-U4I4EPZUEI.1881a9` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -36.0316 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 73; `ORC-OG4UT3FR7S.b1d70d` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -34.0161 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 71; `ORC-WJBP7QFENY.500e63` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -21.297 kJ/mol-atom |  | unspecified |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 75; `ORC-ZIDHNMU7A5.1fec1d` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -20.044 kJ/mol-atom |  | unspecified |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 77; `ORC-NIM7LK5QVA.5960ce` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -19.177 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 74; `ORC-RL3E2DA6EM.fec170` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -17.828 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Oses 2018_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00393) | Table 3, p. 9, row 76; `ORC-K2WL6PVHVP.7dcdfb` |  |
| Sm3Ru | [RuSm3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuSm3.html) | -37.5761 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -23.003 (mp-aaacpppd) | -22.27 (oqmd-1437305) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-UPUHZZ36MP.76068c` |  |
| Sm3Ru | [RuSm3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuSm3.html) | -26.5979 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -23.003 (mp-aaacpppd) | -22.27 (oqmd-1437305) | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 16; `ORC-MEIGABTSTE.10be8e` |  |
| Sm3Ru | [RuSm3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuSm3.html) | -23.2407 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -23.003 (mp-aaacpppd) | -22.27 (oqmd-1437305) | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 17; `ORC-YFETJQWIR6.7601fc` |  |
| Sm3Ru |  | -23.031 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 18; `ORC-CWDYDSSFDH.5b16c6` |  |
| Sm3Ru |  | -22.261 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table 3, p. 9, row 19; `ORC-CQCXNYUPBR.65e81a` |  |
| Sm3Ru | [RuSm3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuSm3.html) | -21.4787 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -23.003 (mp-aaacpppd) | -22.27 (oqmd-1437305) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-4JYCG4XICG.50a365` |  |
| Sm3Ru | [RuSm3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuSm3.html) | -21.3059 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -23.003 (mp-aaacpppd) | -22.27 (oqmd-1437305) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-QYU25EOBQY.fed0df` |  |
| Sm44Ru25 |  | -45.3075 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 85; `ORC-6PLARWNRET.34499b` |  |
| Sm44Ru25 |  | -38.4054 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 88; `ORC-APPFXI4VPH.802580` |  |
| Sm44Ru25 |  | -30.9578 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 89; `ORC-6SWIJKOHCH.487823` |  |
| Sm44Ru25 |  | -26.291 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 86; `ORC-PGJN7MUDVG.4128e1` |  |
| Sm44Ru25 |  | -25.8035 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 87; `ORC-735MTIGYC2.19131f` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 | [Ru2Sm5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm5.html) | -39.9781 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -25.912 (mp-aaackvjr) | -25.094 (oqmd-1484187) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 78; `ORC-74JU6DILO3.9d337a` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 | [Ru2Sm5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm5.html) | -30.4526 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -25.912 (mp-aaackvjr) | -25.094 (oqmd-1484187) | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 81; `ORC-QOHYAYU3GR.0d6c3c` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 | [Ru2Sm5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm5.html) | -25.9792 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -25.912 (mp-aaackvjr) | -25.094 (oqmd-1484187) | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 82; `ORC-CVP5R76BSQ.9a9f98` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 |  | -25.922 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 83; `ORC-XNXRGZDCD2.7e7a73` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 |  | -25.055 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table 3, p. 9, row 84; `ORC-DMLJAIZQH7.323d48` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 | [Ru2Sm5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm5.html) | -23.4727 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -25.912 (mp-aaackvjr) | -25.094 (oqmd-1484187) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 79; `ORC-TTLWOXA2W7.1d2c8c` |  |
| Sm5Ru2 | [Ru2Sm5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm5.html) | -23.457 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -25.912 (mp-aaackvjr) | -25.094 (oqmd-1484187) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 80; `ORC-VJOZLSO733.b7fc7e` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -66.9039 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 69; `ORC-JZHFYEPKKT.34bbe9` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -45.7907 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 72; `ORC-YYPZWNUC37.e633db` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -36.702 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 70; `ORC-U4I4EPZUEI.6d1d6d` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -36.0316 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 73; `ORC-OG4UT3FR7S.c24fb5` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -34.0161 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 71; `ORC-WJBP7QFENY.16bd42` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -21.297 kJ/mol-atom |  | unspecified | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 75; `ORC-ZIDHNMU7A5.d60d5c` |  |
| SmRu2 | [Ru2Sm](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ru2Sm.html) | -20.044 kJ/mol-atom |  | unspecified | -21.247 (mp-aaacksvm) | -20.066 (oqmd-1375455) | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 77; `ORC-NIM7LK5QVA.05e69b` |  |
| SmRu2 |  | -19.177 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 74; `ORC-RL3E2DA6EM.d63973` |  |
| SmRu2 |  | -17.828 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Oses 2018_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00393) | Table 3, p. 9, row 76; `ORC-K2WL6PVHVP.89ed97` |  |

## Other properties

### Formation (36)

Table: Formation, Ru–Sm system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.03663 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-4JYCG4XICG.d11786` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.06146 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-QYU25EOBQY.95c4f5` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -1.9487 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-UPUHZZ36MP.6db954` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -1.6456 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 69; `ORC-JZHFYEPKKT.68dd59` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.5529 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 70; `ORC-U4I4EPZUEI.93dc50` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.7669 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 71; `ORC-WJBP7QFENY.447f86` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.03663 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-4JYCG4XICG.7fca21` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.06146 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-QYU25EOBQY.73baed` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -1.9487 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-UPUHZZ36MP.2b5940` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.41058 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm44Ru25; _alloy: Ru 0.362319, Sm 0.637681_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 85; `ORC-6PLARWNRET.56630a` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.16443 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm44Ru25; _alloy: Ru 0.362319, Sm 0.637681_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 87; `ORC-735MTIGYC2.375cf1` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.11085 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm44Ru25; _alloy: Ru 0.362319, Sm 0.637681_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 86; `ORC-PGJN7MUDVG.2ca064` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.6238 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm5Ru2; _alloy: Ru 0.285714, Sm 0.714286_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 78; `ORC-74JU6DILO3.628824` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.01077 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm5Ru2; _alloy: Ru 0.285714, Sm 0.714286_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 79; `ORC-TTLWOXA2W7.412c31` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -6.900e-4 J/mol-atom/K |  | Sm5Ru2; _alloy: Ru 0.285714, Sm 0.714286_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 80; `ORC-VJOZLSO733.c4b149` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -1.6456 J/mol-atom/K |  | SmRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 69; `ORC-JZHFYEPKKT.7d4cc4` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.5529 J/mol-atom/K |  | SmRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 70; `ORC-U4I4EPZUEI.fb9e80` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.7669 J/mol-atom/K |  | SmRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 71; `ORC-WJBP7QFENY.479326` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -21.4421 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-4JYCG4XICG.c855f9` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -21.2445 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-QYU25EOBQY.95f88d` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -35.6274 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-UPUHZZ36MP.bf31fe` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -65.2583 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 69; `ORC-JZHFYEPKKT.2c2761` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -36.1491 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 70; `ORC-U4I4EPZUEI.3aeb56` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -33.2492 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 71; `ORC-WJBP7QFENY.285ccf` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -25.6391 kJ/mol-atom |  | Sm44Ru25; _alloy: Ru 0.362319, Sm 0.637681_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 87; `ORC-735MTIGYC2.331f1d` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -39.3543 kJ/mol-atom |  | Sm5Ru2; _alloy: Ru 0.285714, Sm 0.714286_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 78; `ORC-74JU6DILO3.5e0f06` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -23.4619 kJ/mol-atom |  | Sm5Ru2; _alloy: Ru 0.285714, Sm 0.714286_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 79; `ORC-TTLWOXA2W7.0448bf` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -23.4563 kJ/mol-atom |  | Sm5Ru2; _alloy: Ru 0.285714, Sm 0.714286_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 80; `ORC-VJOZLSO733.ac7acd` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -21.4421 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-4JYCG4XICG.a9e23b` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -21.2445 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-QYU25EOBQY.f4faef` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -35.6274 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-UPUHZZ36MP.769e3d` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -44.8969 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | Sm44Ru25; _alloy: Ru 0.362319, Sm 0.637681_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 85; `ORC-6PLARWNRET.00fe47` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -26.1801 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | Sm44Ru25; _alloy: Ru 0.362319, Sm 0.637681_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 86; `ORC-PGJN7MUDVG.dc30e2` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -65.2583 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | SmRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 69; `ORC-JZHFYEPKKT.464755` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -36.1491 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | SmRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 70; `ORC-U4I4EPZUEI.33f33d` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf at 1000 K_ | -33.2492 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | SmRu2; _alloy: Ru 0.666667, Sm 0.333333_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 71; `ORC-WJBP7QFENY.b93ef7` |  |

### Crystal structure (6)

Table: Crystal structure, Ru–Sm system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 7.33 Å | 298.15 | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-5AK6DFQQ74.751dc5` |  |
| Lattice a | 7.33 Å | 925 (\<) | Sm3Ru; _Sm3Ru: Ru 0.25_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-R3HDQBX6AT.20959f` |  |
| Lattice b | 9.508 Å | 298.15 | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-5AK6DFQQ74.33bbbc` |  |
| Lattice b | 9.461 Å | 925 (\<) | Sm3Ru; _Sm3Ru: Ru 0.25_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-R3HDQBX6AT.d106ea` |  |
| Lattice c | 6.361 Å | 298.15 | Sm3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0.25, Sm 0.75_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-5AK6DFQQ74.8f06b7` |  |
| Lattice c | 6.334 Å | 925 (\<) | Sm3Ru; _Sm3Ru: Ru 0.25_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-R3HDQBX6AT.9e560e` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).