# Ru system > Ru system: 6 accepted literature values (crystal structure 6) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU.md 6 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (unspecified 6); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/RU.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#RU) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/RU.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | unspecified | 6 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | crystal structure | 6 | ## Other properties ### Crystal structure (6) Table: Crystal structure, Ru system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Lattice a | 2.7053 Å | 298.15 | (Ru); _(Ru): Ru 1_ | unspecified | [1] Okamoto 1984 | Table 2, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-GR7LERHM6E.e03b13` | | | Lattice a | 2.7053 Å | 298.15 | Ru(s); _Ru(s): Ru 1_ | unspecified | [2] Karakaya 1986 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-SUD5XHDDEV.8edb7a` | | | Lattice a | 2.7058 Å | 2334 (\<) | (Ru); _(Ru): Ru 1_ | unspecified | [3] Kardellass 2023 | Table 1, p. 6, row 30; `ORC-LP2SR4JGX7.d9ab25` | | | Lattice c | 4.2814 Å | 298.15 | (Ru); _(Ru): Ru 1_ | unspecified | [1] Okamoto 1984 | Table 2, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-GR7LERHM6E.b1138a` | | | Lattice c | 4.2814 Å | 298.15 | Ru(s); _Ru(s): Ru 1_ | unspecified | [2] Karakaya 1986 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-SUD5XHDDEV.1d54c4` | | | Lattice c | 4.2816 Å | 2334 (\<) | (Ru); _(Ru): Ru 1_ | unspecified | [3] Kardellass 2023 | Table 1, p. 6, row 30; `ORC-LP2SR4JGX7.b76298` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. H. Okamoto, T. B. Massalski, The Au-Ru (Gold-Ruthenium) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 5, 388-390 (1984). [doi:10.1007/bf02872961](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02872961) 2. I. Karakaya, W. T. Thompson, The Ag−Ru (Silver-Ruthenium) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 7, 365-368 (1986). [doi:10.1007/bf02873024](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02873024) 3. S. Kardellass, V. P. Vassiliev, K. Mahdouk, N. Laaroussi, N. Selhaoui, Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions in Ln-Ru (Ln = Nd, Gd, Dy) Binary Systems Based on Quadratic, Exponential and Combined Models Supported by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 43-75 (2023). [doi:10.1007/s11669-022-01023-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-022-01023-x) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).