# S–Sn system > S–Sn system: 23 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 23) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/S-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/S-SN.md 23 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 16, model 7); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV. Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/S-SN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/S-SN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#S-SN) · [phases (13)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/S-SN.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/S-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/S-SN.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | experimental | 16 | | model | 7 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | invariant reaction | 23 | Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/S/S-SN.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/S/S-SN.json) ## Invariant reactions (literature) Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the S–Sn system (23) | T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1150 | congruent melting: Tm for beta-SnS | beta-SnS: S 0.5 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-23OOTUCZZN` | | | 1137 | L2 \<=> L1 + beta-SnS | L2: S 0.48; L1: S 0.075; beta-SnS: S 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. 22_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-6AB3GGVTAB` | | | 1137 | L2 \<=> L1 + beta-SnS | L2: S 0.48; beta-SnS: S 0.5, Sn 0.5 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. 12_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-SAT53LR6OO` | | | 1137 | L2 \<=> L1 + beta-SnS | L2: S 0.465; L1: S 0.071; beta-SnS: S 0.5 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-W7YPZ4VJ4N` | | | 1133 | L2 \<=> L1 + beta-SnS | beta-SnS: S 0.5 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Moh 1969_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-W2CKPG37R2` | | | 1132 | L2 \<=> SnS2 + L3 | L2: S 0.698; SnS2: S 0.6667; L3: S 0.982 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-4HWBHY23OX` | | | 1131 | L2 \<=> L1 + beta-SnS | beta-SnS: S 0.5 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Karakhanova 1966_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-7CGTKBCIZY` | | | 1128 | L2 \<=> L1 + beta-SnS | beta-SnS: S 0.5 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Ridge 1943_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-F4KRPFDQK5` | | | 1114 | L2 \<=> SnS2 + L3 | L2: S 0.7; SnS2: S 0.6667; L3: S 0.98 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Moh 1969_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-Y2KBLDTVBV` | | | 1033 | L2 + SnS2 \<=> Sn2S3 | SnS2: S 0.666667, Sn 0.333333; Sn2S3: S 0.6, Sn 0.4 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Christensen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-S3MVXBBT4M` | | | 1031 | L2 + SnS2 \<=> Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.591; SnS2: S 0.6667; Sn2S3: S 0.6 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-7C53TYL2GF` | | | 1031 | L2 + SnS2 \<=> Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.59; SnS2: S 0.6667; Sn2S3: S 0.6 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Karakhanova 1966_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 18; `ORC-NIURG6IO3P` | | | 1018 | L2 + SnS2 \<=> Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.565; SnS2: S 0.6667; Sn2S3: S 0.6 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Moh 1969_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-FVFY3UYIHY` | | | 1013 | L2 \<=> beta-SnS + Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.556; beta-SnS: S 0.5; Sn2S3: S 0.6 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Moh 1969_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-VRBYAWTS6Q` | | | 1011 | L2 \<=> beta-SnS + Sn2S3 | beta-SnS: S 0.5; Sn2S3: S 0.6, Sn 0.4 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Csillag 1979_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-NSDKMT3PFW` | | | 978 | L2 \<=> beta-SnS + Sn2S3 | beta-SnS: S 0.5; Sn2S3: S 0.6, Sn 0.4 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Christensen 1958_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-AWANO2U2VA` | | | 967 | L2 \<=> beta-SnS + Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.55; beta-SnS: S 0.5, Sn 0.5; Sn2S3: S 0.6 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Schol 1961_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-HFPXMGXBVB` | | | 967 | L2 \<=> beta-SnS + Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.557; beta-SnS: S 0.5; Sn2S3: S 0.6 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-MWZLMPW3PI` | | | 967 | L2 \<=> beta-SnS + Sn2S3 | L2: S 0.55; beta-SnS: S 0.5, Sn 0.5; Sn2S3: S 0.57 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Karakhanova 1966_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-VXHFQOHAVJ` | | | 505 | L1 \<=> betaSn + alpha-SnS | betaSn: S 0; alpha-SnS: S 0.5 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-WDZ2SXY2C2` | | | 504 | L1 \<=> betaSn + alpha-SnS | alpha-SnS: S 0.5 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Chang 1986_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-HYKGDV3SHD` | | | 388 | L3 \<=> SnS2 + betaS | L3: S 1; SnS2: S 0.6667; betaS: S 1; βS: S 1 | model | [1] Lindwall 2016 | Table 1, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-ZALGHP4GAD` | | | 385 | L3 \<=> SnS2 + betaS | SnS2: S 0.6667 | experimental | [1] Lindwall 2016; _cites ref. Moh 1969_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-IGH7CRRSSH` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016). [doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_hulls_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).