# Sc system

> Sc system: 42 accepted literature values (crystal structure 23, invariant reaction 10, phase transition 9) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SC.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SC.md

42 accepted literature values from 10 paper(s) (experimental 12, model 19, DFT 2, unspecified 9); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/SC.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SC.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#SC) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/SC.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SC.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 12 |
| model | 19 |
| DFT | 2 |
| unspecified | 9 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 10 |
| phase transition | 9 |
| crystal structure | 23 |

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Sc system (10)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1814.15 | congruent melting: L -> βSc | L: Sc 1; βSc: Sc 1 | model | [1] Liu 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-2CLQSKJW2B` |  |
| 1814.15 | congruent melting: L -> βSc | L: Sc 1; βSc: Sc 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2008; _cites Okamoto 2000_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-YBDKGEEV4B` |  |
| 1703.15 | (βSc) -> (αSc) | (βSc): ; (αSc):  | experimental | [2] Qin 2015; _cites Eremenko 1988_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00794560) | Table 4, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-Q5RX4QFNY4` |  |
| 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc | αSc: Sc 1 | model | [3] Murray 1998 | Table 1, p. 1, row 11; `ORC-2XA6ZNJMDD` |  |
| 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc | αSc:  | model | [4] Spear 1990 | Table I, p. 1, row 2; `ORC-6KTTZVNEW6` |  |
| 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc ↔ αSc | αSc: Sc 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2008; _cites Okamoto 2000_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-JD3IMYKRV5` |  |
| 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc | βSc: Sc 1; αSc: Sc 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2008; _cites Okamoto 2000_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-P6XKZTV5BU` |  |
| 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc ↔ αSc | αSc: Sc 1 | model | [1] Liu 2008 | Table 2, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-XTNSW4JFDQ` |  |
| 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc | βSc: Sc 1; αSc: Sc 1 | model | [1] Liu 2008 | Table 4, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-Z57JVTBY7G` |  |
| 1608.15 | (βSc) -> (αSc) | (βSc): ; (αSc):  | model | [2] Qin 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-INTU5PAE5S` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (9)

Table: Phase transition, Sc system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1607.15 K | 1607.15 | polymorphic: βSc \<-> αSc; _βSc: _ | experimental | [5] Wang 2009; _cites Beaudry 1963_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-ESJP64UT7L` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc; _βSc: _ | experimental | [6] Liu 2009; _cites Okamoto 1991_ | Table 7, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-3AXUISMXCS` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc; _αSc: Sc 1_ | model | [6] Liu 2009 | Table 3, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-B2YBMHBZS3` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc; _βSc: _ | model | [6] Liu 2009 | Table 7, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-I44TJEZN5W` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc; _αSc: _ | model | [6] Liu 2009 | Table 5, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-LTAJWZBQB3` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc; _αSc: _ | experimental | [6] Liu 2009; _cites Spear 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02843307) | Table 5, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-MHY6R47UMR` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc -> αSc; _αSc: Sc 1_ | experimental | [6] Liu 2009; _cites Gschneidner 1983_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02868084) | Table 3, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-XRW3EGFDAO` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc \<-> αSc; _βSc: _ | unspecified | [5] Wang 2009; _cites Beaudry 1978_ | Table 5, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-IXE33L3DXJ` |  |
| Phase transition | 1610.15 K | 1610.15 | polymorphic: βSc \<-> αSc; _βSc: _ | model | [5] Wang 2009 | Table 5, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-YLGMTE36LM` |  |

### Crystal structure (23)

Table: Crystal structure, Sc system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 3.3082 Å | 0 | (αSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | DFT | [7] Cheng 2012 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-4ESARGW2LB.1f234a` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.296 Å | 298.15 | (αSc); _(αSc): Sc 1; (ɑSc): Sc 1_ | experimental | [8] Cao 2014; _cites Semenova 1997_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2897%2900467-2) | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-A7FZYFGWQH.17db59` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.308 Å ± 0.008 | 298.15 | (αSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [8] Cao 2014; _cites Saw 1983_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.27.7013) | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-AJVJFCI5MR.74ac64` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.3088 Å | 298.15 (\<) | (αSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [9] Chen 2012; _cites King 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02868307) | Table 2, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-MKQZJVWIY6.0c8560` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.73 Å | 298.15 | (βSc); _(βSc): Sc 1_ | experimental | [8] Cao 2014; _cites Semenova 1997_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2897%2900467-2) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-JVY4ZTCL6Q.c3e7c4` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.3088 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _αSc: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [3] Murray 1998 | Table 3, p. 1, row 7; `ORC-AFECC2C7GF.3319fb` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.3088 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [10] Hu 2018; _cites Villars 1997_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-KLRC7XULPB.2c3963` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.3088 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _αSc: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [4] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-ZTKH7BQ7SG.54b515` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.541 Å | 298.15 | βSc; _βSc: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [4] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-2TOZNLV3RG` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.73 Å | 298.15 | βSc; _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [10] Hu 2018; _cites Villars 1997_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-2W5NYV34OY.db84e0` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.541 Å | 298.15 | βSc; _βSc: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [3] Murray 1998 | Table 3, p. 1, row 6; `ORC-ESZOIW7HJY` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.73 Å | 1814 (\<) | (βSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [9] Chen 2012; _cites Massalski 1986_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-NHU2CO6M23` |  |
| Lattice b | 3.3088 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [10] Hu 2018; _cites Villars 1997_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-KLRC7XULPB.0f1297` |  |
| Lattice b | 3.73 Å | 298.15 | βSc; _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [10] Hu 2018; _cites Villars 1997_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-2W5NYV34OY.e2b117` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.1769 Å | 0 | (αSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | DFT | [7] Cheng 2012 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-4ESARGW2LB.f67e44` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.235 Å | 298.15 | (αSc); _(αSc): Sc 1; (ɑSc): Sc 1_ | experimental | [8] Cao 2014; _cites Semenova 1997_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2897%2900467-2) | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-A7FZYFGWQH.3172d3` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.268 Å | 298.15 | (αSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [8] Cao 2014; _cites Saw 1983_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.27.7013) | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-AJVJFCI5MR.6c410c` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.268 Å | 298.15 (\<) | (αSc); _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [9] Chen 2012; _cites King 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02868307) | Table 2, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-MKQZJVWIY6.5081e1` |  |
| Lattice c | 3.18 Å | 298.15 | (βSc); _(βSc): Sc 1_ | experimental | [8] Cao 2014; _cites Semenova 1997_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2897%2900467-2) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-JVY4ZTCL6Q.ad0567` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.268 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _αSc: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [3] Murray 1998 | Table 3, p. 1, row 7; `ORC-AFECC2C7GF.0134e3` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.268 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [10] Hu 2018; _cites Villars 1997_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-KLRC7XULPB.8c3aab` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.268 Å | 298.15 | αSc; _αSc: Sc 1_ | unspecified | [4] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-ZTKH7BQ7SG.894d9d` |  |
| Lattice c | 3.73 Å | 298.15 | βSc; _alloy: Sc 1_ | model | [10] Hu 2018; _cites Villars 1997_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-2W5NYV34OY.fa6ac6` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. X.J. Liu, P. Yu, C.P. Wang, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic evaluation of the Co–Sc and Fe–Sc systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 466, 169-175 (2008). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.11.069](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.11.069)
2. Aning Qin, Dandan Liu, Chong Chen, Shuhong Liu, Yong Du, Man Wang et al., Heat contents of Sc5Si3 and ScSi intermetallics and thermodynamic modeling of the Sc–Si system, J Therm Anal Calorim 119, 1315-1321 (2015). [doi:10.1007/s10973-014-4216-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4216-2)
3. J. L. Murray, The Al-Sc (aluminum-scandium) system, JPE 19, 380-384 (1998). [doi:10.1361/105497198770342120](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342120)
4. K. E. Spear, P. K. Liao, The B-Sc (Boron-Scandium) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 11, 321-324 (1990). [doi:10.1007/bf02843307](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02843307)
5. S.L. Wang, C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic assessments of the Ag–Y and Sc–Y systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 476, 187-192 (2009). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.09.053](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.09.053)
6. X.J. Liu, S.L. Wang, C.P. Wang, Thermodynamic assessments of the Sc–M (M: Ag, B and Th) systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 469, 186-192 (2009). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.02.018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.02.018)
7. Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010)
8. Zhaoping Cao, Shuhong Liu, Xu Fang, Kaiming Cheng, Qiannan Gao, Yong Du et al., Experimental investigation and thermodynamic analysis of the Sc–Ni system supplemented with first-principles calculations, Thermochimica Acta 586, 30-39 (2014). [doi:10.1016/j.tca.2014.04.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.04.006)
9. Chong Chen, Man Wang, Yong Du, Qiannan Gao, Biao Hu, Shuhong Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Sr–X (X=H, Li, Na, Sc) systems, Calphad 38, 17-22 (2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.001)
10. J.L. Hu, H. Bo, L.B. Liu, Z.P. Jin, Thermodynamic study of the Al-Sc-Y system, Thermochimica Acta 661, 147-159 (2018). [doi:10.1016/j.tca.2018.01.018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2018.01.018)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).