# Sn–Ti system

> Sn–Ti system: 62 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 38, formation 14, phase transition 8, phase equilibrium 2) and 5 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SN-TI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SN-TI.md

62 accepted literature values from 4 paper(s) (experimental 35, model 17, unspecified 10); 5 calculated phase diagram(s). 9 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/SN-TI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SN-TI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#SN-TI) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#SN-TI/SnTi-05Liu.json) · [phases (13)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/SN-TI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/SN-TI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/SN-TI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 35 |
| model | 17 |
| unspecified | 10 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 38 |
| phase transition | 8 |
| phase equilibrium | 2 |
| formation | 14 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | C. Liu, U.E. Klotz, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Loeffler, Monatshefte Chem., 136, 1921-30(2005). [doi:10.1007/s00706-005-0392-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-005-0392-x) | `1a9211ad13916936858183cd805b3ef14de68d9f2d8c0252de9ad8175fc27e1d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#SN-TI/SnTi-05Liu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/SnTi-05Liu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/SnTi-05Liu.json) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | F. Yin, J.-C. Tedenac, F. Gascoin, Calphad, 31, 370-79(2007). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2007.01.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2007.01.003) | `b2dedaccad25576a364fbda42a94ddb27ff0d4bd0dfdd46a790222b3b2ea7a29` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#SN-TI/SnTi-07Yin.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/SnTi-07Yin.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/SnTi-07Yin.json) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | J. Wang, C. Liu, C. Leinenbach, U.E. Klotz, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Loeffler, Calphad, 35, 82-94(2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) | `f212f46d607d7fcfb04035600142e2901de00f9c9018cd5c1c21d3162de4a54a` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#SN-TI/SnTi-11Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/SnTi-11Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/SnTi-11Wan.json) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | J. Tan, G. Xu, X. Tao, F. Chen, Y. Cui, L. Zhou, Calphad, 67, 101686(2019). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101686](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101686) | `a09a2a0493b90176ca66f1e1e905d37264f33d794f4245fd1c96adf13a9baaa9` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#SN-TI/SnTi-19Tan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/SnTi-19Tan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/SnTi-19Tan.json) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | F.H. Hayes, COST 507, Final report round 2, 1998. | `1a838be0ab8391731edb2aac53a4e74e088119e446e12fcc90b0854e69bcb873` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#SN-TI/SnTi-98Hay-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/SnTi-98Hay-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1863.43 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.78452) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.83489) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.8567) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1816.87 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.65199) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.74608) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1778.47 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.60557) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1778.47 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.60572) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1762.55 | SN5TI6_BETA (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.58056) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1762.55 | SN5TI6_BETA (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.57982) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1762.54 | SN5TI6_BETA (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.58014) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1138.92 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.75082) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.9042) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91002) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 1028.43 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.0199) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6_BETA (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 952.02 | SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6_ALPHA (x(Ti) 0.54545) + SN5TI6_BETA (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 952.02 | SN5TI6_BETA (x(Ti) 0.54545) + SN5TI6_ALPHA (x(Ti) 0.54545) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-05Liu.tdb | 505.08 | BCT_A5 (x(Ti) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1847.14 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.76743) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.84062) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.86415) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1821.11 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.65046) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.67263) + SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.75071) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1787.75 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.59898) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.64488) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1760.06 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56269) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1760.06 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56283) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1157.37 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.76292) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.88438) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.89171) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1024.82 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.13228) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 1024.82 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.13245) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 506.79 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 6.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.15272) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 505.06 | BCT_A5 (x(Ti) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 6.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.152) |
| SnTi-07Yin.tdb | 504.51 | BCT_A5 (x(Ti) 0) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.15223) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1849 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.76652) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.8393) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.86499) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1828.43 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.65197) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.67158) + SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.74904) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1780.01 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.59138) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.65372) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1746.49 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.55447) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1746.48 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.554) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1161.85 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.76475) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.88729) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.89614) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1024.74 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.17808) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 1024.74 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.17819) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-11Wan.tdb | 505.01 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 6.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 2.800e-4) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1849.02 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.76649) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.83932) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.865) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1823.79 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64892) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.6679) + SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.74713) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1785.3 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.60095) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.6247) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.6665) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1758.93 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.5646) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.62458) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1161.85 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.76475) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.88729) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.89614) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1006.95 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.16642) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 1006.95 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.16649) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 504.99 | BCT_A5 (x(Ti) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 2.800e-4) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| SnTi-19Tan.tdb | 504.99 | BCT_A5 (x(Ti) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 2.800e-4) + SN3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1879.81 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.77724) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.82819) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84628) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1835.88 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.65877) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.75031) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1774.74 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.58953) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1774.73 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.58914) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1774.73 | LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.58907) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1746.91 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56134) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1746.9 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56104) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1746.9 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56086) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 1163.27 | SNTI3_D019 (x(Ti) 0.75004) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91258) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.91421) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 504.81 | BCT_A5 (x(Ti) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 9.100e-4) + SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) |
| SnTi-98Hay-LB.tdb | 496.53 | SN5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + SN3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + SNTI2_B82 (x(Ti) 0.66667) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/SN/SN-TI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/SN/SN-TI.json) · [CALPHAD hull SnTi-05Liu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/SN/SN-TI--SnTi-05Liu.json) · [CALPHAD hull SnTi-07Yin](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/SN/SN-TI--SnTi-07Yin.json) · [CALPHAD hull SnTi-11Wan](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/SN/SN-TI--SnTi-11Wan.json) · [CALPHAD hull SnTi-98Hay-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/SN/SN-TI--SnTi-98Hay-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Sn–Ti system (38)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1943.15 | congruent melting: L \<-> Ti3Sn | Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-RRVC3QH654` |  |
| 1936.15 | congruent melting: L \<-> Ti3Sn | Ti3Sn: Sn 0.0205 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-IDZ6WIRDFL` |  |
| 1880.15 | eutectic: L \<-> (βTi) + Ti3Sn | L: Sn 0.18; (βTi): Sn 0.16; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-RX2YVTCNVV` |  |
| 1879.8 | eutectic: Liquid -> SnTi3 + bcc-A2 | L: Ti 0.828; SnTi3: Ti 0.777; bcc-A2: Ti 0.846 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 2; `ORC-ZNW6Y4SMMZ` |  |
| 1863.15 | eutectic: L \<-> (βTi) + Ti3Sn | L: Sn 0.16; (βTi): Sn 0.13; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.224 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites McQuillan 1957_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-XWUGP32RNG` |  |
| 1848.15 | eutectic: L \<-> (βTi) + Ti3Sn | Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25, Ti 0.75 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Bondar 2005_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.010) | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-AAEJIGG7UU` |  |
| 1848.15 | eutectic: L ↔ (βTi) + Ti3 Sn |  | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Bondar 2005_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.010) | p. 2; `ORC-UNFFB3XS7X` | “More recently, Bondar et al. \[24\] investigated the phase transformation of Ti81.5 Sn18.5 alloy by DTA and found the temperature of eutectic reaction of L ↔ (βTi) + Ti3 Sn is 1575 ◦ C, which is much lower than that of Pietrokowsky and Frink \[17\].” |
| 1847.15 | eutectic: L \<-> (βTi) + Ti3Sn | L: Sn 0.159; (βTi): Sn 0.136; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.228 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-W5CUII5CJE` |  |
| 1835.9 | peritectic: Liquid + SnTi3 -> SnTi2 | L: Ti 0.659; SnTi3: Ti 0.75; SnTi2: Ti 0.667 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 4; `ORC-B3TEP6NGFN` |  |
| 1825.15 | peritectic: L + Ti3Sn \<-> Ti2Sn | L: Sn 0.355; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25; Ti2Sn: Sn 0.327 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-NKYRNHHZSS` |  |
| 1821.15 | peritectic: L + Ti3Sn \<-> Ti2Sn | L: Sn 0.35; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.232; Ti2Sn: Sn 0.327 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-CSJ6WKIDQP` |  |
| 1784.15 | peritectic: L + Ti2Sn \<-> Ti5Sn3 | L: Sn 0.401; Ti2Sn: Sn 0.355; Ti5Sn3: Sn 0.375 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-77J6ZDUXAS` |  |
| 1783.15 | peritectic: L + Ti2Sn \<-> Ti5Sn3 | L: Sn 0.38; Ti2Sn: Sn 0.359; Ti5Sn3: Sn 0.375 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HRH5QWBCAM` |  |
| 1774.7 | peritectic: Liquid + SnTi2 -> + Sn3Ti5 | L: Ti 0.589; SnTi2: Ti 0.667; Sn3Ti5: Ti 0.625 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 5; `ORC-GKQH4ZSNJI` |  |
| 1767.15 | congruent melting: L \<-> Ti6Sn5 | Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.455 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-U2HASA23HU` |  |
| 1763.15 | congruent melting: L \<-> Ti6Sn5 | Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.455 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-TT5H457OFU` |  |
| 1760.15 | eutectic: L \<-> Ti5Sn3 + Ti6Sn5 | L: Sn 0.437; Ti5Sn3: Sn 0.375; Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.455 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-V6RTIC7RCG` |  |
| 1748.15 | eutectic: L \<-> Ti5Sn3 + Ti6Sn5 | L: Sn 0.39; Ti5Sn3: Sn 0.375; Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.455 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-MX6JK4FGIM` |  |
| 1746.9 | eutectic: Liquid -> Sn5Ti6 + Sn3Ti5 | L: Ti 0.561; Sn5Ti6: Ti 0.545; Sn3Ti5: Ti 0.625 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 6; `ORC-QLGUFYAQRL` |  |
| 1213.15 | (βTi) + Ti3Sn \<-> (αTi) | (βTi): Sn 0.083; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.23; (αTi): Sn 0.087 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Finlay 1954_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-36E6UKVRCZ` |  |
| 1213.15 | (βTi) + Ti3Sn \<-> (αTi) | (βTi): Sn 0.09; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.23; (αTi): Sn 0.125 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites McQuillan 1955_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-R3IOQBOZIY` |  |
| 1163.3 | peritectic: bcc-A2 + SnTi3 -> hcp-A3 | bcc-A2: Ti 0.913; SnTi3: Ti 0.75; hcp-A3: Ti 0.912 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 1; `ORC-SAUBTGHNUZ` |  |
| 1158.15 | (βTi) + Ti3Sn \<-> (αTi) | Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25, Ti 0.75 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Bondar 2005_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.010) | Table 1, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-5EUNU2OA2W` |  |
| 1154.15 | (βTi) + Ti3Sn \<-> (αTi) | (βTi): Sn 0.108; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.239; (αTi): Sn 0.114 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-TUOXYPXZRI` |  |
| 1153.15 | (βTi) + Ti3Sn \<-> (αTi) | (βTi): Sn 0.105; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Worner 1953_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-V3D5U7ZLSX` |  |
| 1137.15 | (βTi) + Ti3Sn \<-> (αTi) | (βTi): Sn 0.095; Ti3Sn: Sn 0.25; (αTi): Sn 0.085 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Pietrokowsky 1958_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-Y6A6LUKAKE` |  |
| 1118.15 | polymorphic: (βTi) \<-> (αTi) | (αTi): Sn 0.065 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites McQuillan 1957_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-B5S2JX7RL2` |  |
| 1118.15 | polymorphic: (βTi) \<-> (αTi) | (αTi): Sn 0.05 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Worner 1953_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-STD4B4GG2I` |  |
| 1115.15 | polymorphic: (βTi) \<-> (αTi) | (αTi): Sn 0.067 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Glazova 1960_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-7QIPFBDUUX` |  |
| 1114.15 | polymorphic: (βTi) \<-> (αTi) | (αTi): Sn 0.058 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-3Z66JNWLOK` |  |
| 1063.15 | peritectic: L + Ti6Sn5 \<-> Ti2Sn3 | L: Sn 0.8; Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.454545, Ti 0.545455; Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.6, Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Eremenko 1962_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-V3WJDLPMHK` |  |
| 1024.15 | peritectic: L + Ti6Sn5 \<-> Ti2Sn3 | L: Sn 0.867; Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.455; Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.6 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-JVLKJJOOEE` |  |
| 1023.15 | peritectic: L + Ti6Sn5 \<-> Ti2Sn3 | L: Sn 0.86; Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.454545, Ti 0.545455; Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.6, Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-EYJMPTBCZP` |  |
| 1023.15 | peritectic: L + Ti6Sn5 \<-> Ti2Sn3 | L: Sn 0.8; Ti6Sn5: Sn 0.454545, Ti 0.545455; Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.6 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Ch 1998_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-OY3IXFBDHG` |  |
| 505.95 | eutectic: L \<-> Ti2Sn3 + (Sn) | Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.6, Ti 0.4 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-CORCRSANQC` |  |
| 505.05 | eutectic: L \<-> Ti2Sn3 + (Sn) | L: Sn 0.9999; Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.455; (Sn): Sn 1 | unspecified | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-YAGWQKFR7E` |  |
| 504.8 | other: Liquid -> bct-A5 + Sn5Ti6 | L: Ti 0.001; bct-A5: Ti 0; Sn5Ti6: Ti 0.545 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 8; `ORC-P5J5TWMJBC` |  |
| 504.15 | eutectic: L \<-> Ti2Sn3 + (Sn) | L: Sn 0.995; Ti2Sn3: Sn 0.455; (Sn): Sn 0.9998 | experimental | [1] Yin 2007; _cites Eremenko 1962_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-PSKKXIEFTM` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Sn–Ti system (14)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Sn3Ti2 | [Sn3Ti2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn3Ti2.html) | -36.8 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -29.714 (mp-aaabkgrv) | -37.635 (oqmd-25350) | [3] Liu 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-EVTSE7FFLQ.ace036` |  |
| Sn3Ti5 | [Sn3Ti5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn3Ti5.html) | -94 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -33.586 (mp-aaaabevv) | -40.265 (oqmd-19117) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites Savin 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-YTPULMUAG2.3a933d` |  |
| Sn3Ti5 | [Sn3Ti5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn3Ti5.html) | -50 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -33.586 (mp-aaaabevv) | -40.265 (oqmd-19117) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites de Boer FR 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-F25HTURVSH.7b3f9c` |  |
| Sn3Ti5 | [Sn3Ti5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn3Ti5.html) | -37.8 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -33.586 (mp-aaaabevv) | -40.265 (oqmd-19117) | [3] Liu 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-EVTSE7FFLQ.74c6a6` |  |
| Sn5Ti6-L | [Sn5Ti6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn5Ti6.html) | -115 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -35.933 (mp-aaaabedy) | -43.231 (oqmd-18129) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites Savin 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-YTPULMUAG2.147391` |  |
| Sn5Ti6-L | [Sn5Ti6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn5Ti6.html) | -52 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -35.933 (mp-aaaabedy) | -43.231 (oqmd-18129) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites de Boer FR 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-F25HTURVSH.4ddf2e` |  |
| Sn5Ti6-L | [Sn5Ti6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn5Ti6.html) | -43.4 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.4 | 298.15 | experimental | -35.933 (mp-aaaabedy) | -43.231 (oqmd-18129) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites Meschel 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031%2897%2900467-x) | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-C3QDI5675C` |  |
| Sn5Ti6-L | [Sn5Ti6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Sn5Ti6.html) | -40.3 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -35.933 (mp-aaaabedy) | -43.231 (oqmd-18129) | [3] Liu 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-EVTSE7FFLQ.982031` |  |
| SnTi2 | [SnTi2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/SnTi2.html) | -92 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -32.143 (mp-aaaabtrn) | -40.203 (oqmd-2170245) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites Savin 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-YTPULMUAG2.38164d` |  |
| SnTi2 | [SnTi2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/SnTi2.html) | -47 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -32.143 (mp-aaaabtrn) | -40.203 (oqmd-2170245) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites de Boer FR 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-F25HTURVSH.2c8f71` |  |
| SnTi2 | [SnTi2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/SnTi2.html) | -36.9 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -32.143 (mp-aaaabtrn) | -40.203 (oqmd-2170245) | [3] Liu 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-EVTSE7FFLQ.8fc344` |  |
| SnTi3 | [SnTi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/SnTi3.html) | -50 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -28.912 (mp-aaacjkvs) | -35.677 (oqmd-19372) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites Savin 1973_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-YTPULMUAG2.da0b8e` |  |
| SnTi3 | [SnTi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/SnTi3.html) | -38 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -28.912 (mp-aaacjkvs) | -35.677 (oqmd-19372) | [3] Liu 2005; _cites de Boer FR 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-F25HTURVSH.b5c2f7` |  |
| SnTi3 | [SnTi3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/SnTi3.html) | -35.2 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -28.912 (mp-aaacjkvs) | -35.677 (oqmd-19372) | [3] Liu 2005 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-EVTSE7FFLQ.f52c78` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (8)

Table: Phase transition, Sn–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 504.15 K | 504.15 | eutectic: L ↔ Ti2Sn3 + (Sn); _alloy: Sn 0.8, Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-47SKSJNYHP` |  |
| Phase transition | 504.65 K | 504.65 | eutectic: L ↔ Ti2Sn3 + (Sn); _alloy: Sn 0.85, Ti 0.15_ | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-MOTMVSM7HE` |  |
| Phase transition | 1022.65 K | 1022.65 | peritectic: L + Ti6Sn5 ↔ Ti2Sn3; _alloy: Sn 0.8, Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-EB4KNT2K2F` |  |
| Phase transition | 1023.75 K | 1023.75 | peritectic: L + Ti6Sn5 ↔ Ti2Sn3; _alloy: Sn 0.85, Ti 0.15_ | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-6MYN2QBDMM` |  |
| Phase transition | 1137.15 K | 1137.15 | other: (βTi) ↔ (αTi) + Ti3 Sn | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | p. 2; `ORC-OYBETOKB4H` | “They reported a eutectoid reaction, (βTi) ↔ (αTi) + Ti3 Sn, occurring at 864 ◦ C.” |
| Phase transition | 1750 K | 1750 | congruent melting: Sn5Ti6 -> Liquid; _Sn5Ti6: Ti 0.545; L: Ti 0.545_ | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 7; `ORC-CCUU3KWUSJ` |  |
| Phase transition | 1848.15 K | 1848.15 | L ↔ bcc(Ti)+ SnTi3 | experimental | [4] Wang 2011; _cites Bondar 2005_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.010) | p. 5; `ORC-GOCUM3PEZI` | “Recently, Bondar et al. \[70\] determined the invariant reaction, L ↔ bcc(Ti)+ SnTi3 at 1575 °C through the Sn-81.5 at.% Ti alloy with the DTA method.” |
| Phase transition | 1947 K | 1947 | congruent melting: SnTi3 -> Liquid; _SnTi3: Ti 0.75; L: Ti 0.75_ | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 302, row 3; `ORC-7VHYJIEIY3` |  |

### Phase equilibrium (2)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Sn–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase composition |  | 1043.15 | other: Ti15Sn85; _liquid: Sn 0.85, Ti 0.15_ | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-FH4GZQM7DG` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1173.15 | other: Ti20Sn80; _liquid: Sn 0.8, Ti 0.2_ | experimental | [1] Yin 2007 | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-ZORHPLAQS6` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Fucheng Yin, Jean-Claude Tedenac, Franck Gascoin, Thermodynamic modelling of the Ti–Sn system and calculation of the Co–Ti–Sn system, Calphad 31, 370-379 (2007). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2007.01.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2007.01.003)
2. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.
3. Chunlei Liu, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Sn–Ti System, Monatsh. Chem. 136, 1921-1930 (2005). [doi:10.1007/s00706-005-0392-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-005-0392-x)
4. Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).