Th system

11 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (experimental 4, model 7); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	4
model	7

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	5
phase transition	2
formation	2
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy	2

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Th system (5)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
2028.15	congruent melting: L <-> βTh	L: Th 1	experimental	[1] Wang 2008 cites Palenzona 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 2 report
2028.15	congruent melting: L -> βTh	L: Th 1	experimental	[1] Wang 2008 cites Palenzona 1989 doi	Table 4, p. 5, row 23 report
2028.15	congruent melting: L <-> βTh	L: Th 1	experimental	[1] Wang 2008 cites Thomson 1966 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 1 report
2022.65	congruent melting: L <-> βTh	L: Th 1	model	[1] Wang 2008	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
2022.65	congruent melting: L -> βTh	L: Th 1	model	[1] Wang 2008	Table 4, p. 5, row 24 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Th system (2)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location	Quote
α-Th		0 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model			[2] Beneš 2014	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
β-Th		9.9655 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model			[2] Beneš 2014	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report

Other properties

Phase transition (2)

Phase transition, Th system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	1633.15 K	1633.15	polymorphic: βTh -> αTh βTh: Th 1	experimental	[3] Liu 2009 cites Okamoto 1991	Table 7, p. 6, row 10 report
Phase transition	1633.15 K	1633.15	polymorphic: βTh -> αTh βTh: Th 1	model	[3] Liu 2009	Table 7, p. 6, row 11 report

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (2)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Th system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Entropy printed: S0(298.15)	51.8 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	α-Th alloy: Th 1	model	[2] Beneš 2014	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Entropy printed: S0(298.15)	63.028 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	β-Th alloy: Th 1	model	[2] Beneš 2014	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

C.P. Wang, P. Yu, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Co–Th and Fe–Th systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 457, 150-156 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.003
O. Beneš, D. Manara, R.J.M. Konings, Thermodynamic assessment of the Th–U–Pu system, Journal of Nuclear Materials 449, 15-22 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.02.001
X.J. Liu, S.L. Wang, C.P. Wang, Thermodynamic assessments of the Sc–M (M: Ag, B and Th) systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 469, 186-192 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.02.018

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}