# Ti–W system

> Ti–W system: 9 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 9) and 4 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/TI-W.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/TI-W.md

9 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 4, model 5); 4 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/TI-W.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/TI-W.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#TI-W) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#TI-W/TiW-93Jin.json) · [phases (4)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/TI-W.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/TI-W.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/TI-W.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 4 |
| model | 5 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 9 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| TiW-93Jin.tdb | Z. Jin, C. Qiu, Mater. Sci. Technol., 9, 378-83(1993). [doi:10.1179/mst.1993.9.5.378](https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1993.9.5.378) | `95099e4555c37256bf55761f3b77cd43b393e1389a58ca6eb28f7050c98fd7b8` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#TI-W/TiW-93Jin.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/TiW-93Jin.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/TiW-93Jin.json) |
| TiW-93Jon.tdb | S. Jonsson, TRITA-MAC 518, KTH Stockholm, 1993. | `b6e1ce9b615db11c30a6827bfbf89b5bd84ec05270b73d668b7f55c02e9dba06` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#TI-W/TiW-93Jon.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/TiW-93Jon.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/TiW-93Jon.json) |
| TiW-96Jon-LB.tdb | S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 784-87(1996). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-871008](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-871008) | `be3e187f7db1011473e5e102681c012bbe29ed45c61bc1bec681032cbdd7b838` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#TI-W/TiW-96Jon-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/TiW-96Jon-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/TiW-96Jon-LB.json) |
| TiW-98Sau.tdb | N. Saunders, COST 507, Final report round 2, 1998. | `36471f2901b23e3cefb92e30cefeb1f4fcae95bae44b56af32f3f3508c8a988b` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#TI-W/TiW-98Sau.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/TiW-98Sau.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/TiW-98Sau.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| TiW-93Jin.tdb | 1012.92 | HCP_A3 (x(W) 0.00201) + BCC_A2#2 (x(W) 0.08754) + BCC_A2 (x(W) 0.64029) |
| TiW-93Jon.tdb | 993.77 | HCP_A3 (x(W) 0.0023) + BCC_A2#2 (x(W) 0.10077) + BCC_A2 (x(W) 0.57042) |
| TiW-96Jon-LB.tdb | 1017.76 | HCP_A3 (x(W) 0.00208) + BCC_A2#2 (x(W) 0.09656) + BCC_A2 (x(W) 0.64757) |
| TiW-98Sau.tdb | 1019.53 | HCP_A3 (x(W) 0.00189) + BCC_A2#2 (x(W) 0.09449) + BCC_A2 (x(W) 0.64547) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/TI/TI-W.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/TI/TI-W.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiW-93Jin](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/TI/TI-W--TiW-93Jin.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiW-93Jon](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/TI/TI-W--TiW-93Jon.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiW-96Jon-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/TI/TI-W--TiW-96Jon-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ti–W system (9)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1033.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc |  | experimental | [1] Jin 1993; _cites s 1971_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-QCJEHEDFOY` |  |
| 1030.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.76; hcp: W 0.009 | model | [1] Jin 1993; _cites KAUFMAN 1975_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-UXEVRWV4UJ` |  |
| 1019.5 | monotectoid: hcp-A3 bcc-A2' -> bcc-A2" | hcp-A3: W 0.002; bcc-A2': W 0.645; bcc-A2": W 0.095 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 318, row 1; `ORC-2CY42K3NB2` |  |
| 1013.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.6403; hcp: W 0.002 | model | [1] Jin 1993 | Table 2, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-5QLMT6VBVK` |  |
| 1010.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.72; hcp: W 0.002 | model | [1] Jin 1993; _cites MURRAY 1981_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-R7MYIVY3GT` |  |
| 1008.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.723; hcp: W 7.000e-4 | model | [1] Jin 1993; _cites s 1985_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-4YSCVWSAN5` |  |
| 1008.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.087 | experimental | [1] Jin 1993; _cites IMGRAM 1961_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-QKRU2NOKAL` |  |
| 998.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.09 | experimental | [1] Jin 1993; _cites Yu 1958_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-SB4TUUZDUF` |  |
| 988.15 | monotectoid: bcc -> hcp -> bcc | bcc: W 0.09; hcp: W 0.002 | experimental | [1] Jin 1993; _cites MAYKUTH 1953_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-SDL5RH6VFA` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Zhan-peng Jin, Caian Qiu, Thermodynamic evaluation of Ti–W system, Materials Science and Technology 9, 378-383 (1993). [doi:10.1179/mst.1993.9.5.378](https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1993.9.5.378)
2. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).