# V–Zn system > V–Zn system: 19 accepted literature values (crystal structure 9, invariant reaction 7, phase transition 2, formation 1) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/V-ZN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/V-ZN.md 19 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 12, model 4, unspecified 3); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 9 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV. Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/V-ZN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/V-ZN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#V-ZN) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#V-ZN/VZn-10Cha.json) · [phases (8)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/V-ZN.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/V-ZN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/V-ZN.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | experimental | 12 | | model | 4 | | unspecified | 3 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | invariant reaction | 7 | | phase transition | 2 | | formation | 1 | | crystal structure | 9 | ## Calculated phase diagrams Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model. Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram | TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links | |---|---|---|---| | VZn-10Cha.tdb | K. Chang, Y. Du, W. Sun, H. Xu, L.C. Zhou, Calphad, 34, 75-80(2010). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003) | `d4533862db93cd15d8b0278ac566b0641974dc5251df68dc48fbd8986e2b27b4` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#V-ZN/VZn-10Cha.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/VZn-10Cha.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/VZn-10Cha.json) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | C. Wu, X. Su, D. Liu, X. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Li, H. Peng, Calphad, 35, 403-10(2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.05.005](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2011.05.005) | `8818a90f31db30691288fcd0a84ae8fdf51c26dcb9fb302676c8ca8a18401f69` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#V-ZN/VZn-11Wu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/VZn-11Wu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/VZn-11Wu.json) | Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component) | TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant | |---|---:|---| | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 2183.33 | LIQUID (x(Zn) 4.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 2.200e-4) + GAS (x(Zn) 0.99998) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 1180.6 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.00635) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99089) + GAS (x(Zn) 1) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 1180.6 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.00635) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99089) + GAS (x(Zn) 1) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 943.15 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.00218) + V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99034) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 943.15 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.00217) + V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99034) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 896.13 | V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99149) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 896.13 | V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99148) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 896.13 | V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99149) | | VZn-10Cha.tdb | 691.85 | VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99823) + HCP_A3 (x(Zn) 0.99975) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 2183.06 | LIQUID (x(Zn) 5.000e-5) + BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 8.000e-5) + GAS (x(Zn) 0.99998) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 1180.58 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.02327) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99113) + GAS (x(Zn) 1) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 1180.58 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.02326) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99113) + GAS (x(Zn) 1) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 924.3 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.02892) + V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99131) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 924.3 | BCC_A2 (x(Zn) 0.02893) + V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99131) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 893.24 | V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99211) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 893.24 | V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99211) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 893.24 | V4ZN5 (x(Zn) 0.55556) + VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99211) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 700.54 | VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + VZN16 (x(Zn) 0.94118) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99834) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 700.54 | VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + VZN16 (x(Zn) 0.94118) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99834) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 700.54 | VZN3_L12 (x(Zn) 0.75) + VZN16 (x(Zn) 0.94118) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99833) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 692.01 | VZN16 (x(Zn) 0.94118) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99877) + HCP_A3 (x(Zn) 0.99999) | | VZn-11Wu.tdb | 692.01 | VZN16 (x(Zn) 0.94118) + LIQUID (x(Zn) 0.99877) + HCP_A3 (x(Zn) 0.99999) | Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/V/V-ZN.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/V/V-ZN.json) · [CALPHAD hull VZn-10Cha](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/V/V-ZN--VZn-10Cha.json) ## Invariant reactions (literature) Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the V–Zn system (7) | T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 943.15 | L + (V) -> V4Zn5 | L: Zn 0.9903; V4Zn5: V 0.444444, Zn 0.555556 | model | [1] Chang 2010 | Table 2, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-CQG262CS56` | | | 943.15 | L + (V) -> V4Zn5 | L: Zn 0.9904; V4Zn5: V 0.444444, Zn 0.555556 | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Chasanov 1963_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-WCMSVCRESD` | | | 896.15 | L + V4Zn5 -> VZn3 | L: Zn 0.9915; V4Zn5: V 0.444444, Zn 0.555556; VZn3: V 0.25, Zn 0.75 | model | [1] Chang 2010 | Table 2, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-FXNGNBRBBO` | | | 896.15 | L + V4Zn5 -> VZn3 | L: Zn 0.9915; V4Zn5: V 0.444444, Zn 0.555556; VZn3: V 0.25, Zn 0.75 | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Chasanov 1963_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-LZ5Q64QOLA` | | | 700.15 | peritectic: VZn3 + Liq. → VZn16 | | experimental | [2] Wu 2011 | p. 3; `ORC-VST2RJVSB4` | “Therefore, it was believed that the peritectic reaction temperature of VZn3 + Liq. → VZn16 was around 427 °C.” | | 691.85 | eutectic: L -> VZn3 + (Zn) | L: Zn 0.99823; VZn3: V 0.25, Zn 0.75 | model | [1] Chang 2010 | Table 2, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-GKSVD3IDTL` | | | 690.45 | eutectic: L -> VZn3 + (Zn) | L: Zn 0.99828; VZn3: V 0.25, Zn 0.75 | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Chasanov 1963_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-D5VNFQECJG` | | ## Formation enthalpies Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json). Table: Enthalpies of formation, V–Zn system (1) | Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---| | VZn16 | | -1.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model | | | [2] Wu 2011 | p. 7; `ORC-UVTOKO7X6K` | “The formation enthalpy of VZn16 was given a small value of -1100 J/mol at 298 K by considering the difficulty of its formation.” | ## Other properties ### Phase transition (2) Table: Phase transition, V–Zn system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Phase transition | 894.15 K | 894.15 | VZn3 | experimental | [2] Wu 2011 | p. 3; `ORC-V4PHTIWVRO` | “From the DTA test results of some V-Zn alloys with heating rate of 3 °C/min, it can be determined that the transformation temperature for VZn3 is 621 °C, which agrees well with Chasanov's results \[5\].” | | Phase transition | 924.15 K | 924.15 | V4Zn5 | experimental | [2] Wu 2011 | p. 3; `ORC-MP6FZVLTHQ` | “The transformation temperature for V4 Zn5 is 651 °C, which is 18 °C lower than Chasanov's results \[5\].” | ### Crystal structure (9) Table: Crystal structure, V–Zn system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Lattice a | 0.8872 Å | | V4Zn5; _alloy: Zn 0.555556_ | unspecified | [1] Chang 2010 | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-WUV5BQ352M.c6fb94` | | | Lattice a | 0.3823 Å | | VZn3; _alloy: Zn 0.75_ | unspecified | [1] Chang 2010 | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-ECVDXZETCS` | | | Lattice a | 0.891 Å | 298.15 | V4Zn5; _alloy: Zn 0.555556_ | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Piotrowski 1965_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-CNFCZI3WBB.b9bc0f` | | | Lattice a | 0.891 Å | 298.15 | V4Zn5; _alloy: Zn 0.555556_ | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Chasanov 1963_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-ZUUODL6OSZ.18c2b5` | | | Lattice a | 0.3848 Å | 298.15 | VZn3; _alloy: Zn 0.75_ | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Chasanov 1963_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-KPE2ZSVJ2B` | | | Lattice a | 0.3849 Å | 298.15 | VZn3; _alloy: Zn 0.75_ | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Wendorff 1964_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-VKSL4JMPLE` | | | Lattice c | 0.3196 Å | | V4Zn5; _alloy: Zn 0.555556_ | unspecified | [1] Chang 2010 | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-WUV5BQ352M.977790` | | | Lattice c | 0.322 Å | 298.15 | V4Zn5; _alloy: Zn 0.555556_ | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Piotrowski 1965_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-CNFCZI3WBB.923cbe` | | | Lattice c | 0.3227 Å | 298.15 | V4Zn5; _alloy: Zn 0.555556_ | experimental | [1] Chang 2010; _cites Chasanov 1963_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-ZUUODL6OSZ.cd9050` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. Keke Chang, Yong Du, Weihua Sun, Honghui Xu, LiangCai Zhou, Thermodynamic assessment of the V–Zn system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculations, Calphad 34, 75-80 (2010). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003) 2. Changjun Wu, Xuping Su, Daniel Liu, Xinming Wang, Jianhua Wang, Zhi Li et al., The V–Zn binary system: New experimental results and thermodynamic assessment, Calphad 35, 403-410 (2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.05.005](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2011.05.005) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859} } @misc{orchid_hulls_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).