V system

96 accepted literature values from 11 paper(s) (experimental 16, model 38, DFT 27, unspecified 15); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 1 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	16
model	38
DFT	27
unspecified	15

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
phase transition	1
formation	3
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy	54
activity / EMF / Gibbs energy	2
crystal structure	35
other property	1

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, V system (3)
Phase	Value	Class	Source	Location
V3V	5 kJ/mol-atom	model	[1] Broz 2013 cites Zhang 2008 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 7 report
V3V	5.3 kJ/mol-atom	unspecified	[1] Broz 2013	Table 2, p. 6, row 6 report
sigma	3.686 kJ/mol-atom	DFT	[2] Tonyali 2024	Table 4, p. 5, row 27 report

Other properties

Phase transition (1)

Phase transition, V system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	2223.15 K	2223.15	V	model	[3] Smith 1985	p. 1 report	In comparison, the Svechnikov d i a g r a m placed the monotectic reaction at - 1 9 0 0 ~ but had the melting point of V at the r a t h e r high value of 1950 ~

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (54)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, V system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	29.64 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Arblaster 2017 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 18 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	28.67 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Glushko 1982	Table 7, p. 7, row 14 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	29.708 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 0.08	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Desai 1986 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 17 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	30.89 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Dinsdale 1991 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 19 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	30.89 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 0.3	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Smith 1981	Table 7, p. 7, row 15 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	29.85 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 7, p. 7, row 20 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	28.936 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 0.42	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites and Desai [35] 1941	Table 7, p. 7, row 16 report
Entropy printed: S°(298.15 K)	28.911 J/mol (basis unstated)/K ± 0.4	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 7, p. 7, row 13 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.9 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Junod 1970	Table 6, p. 6, row 12 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.26 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Corak 2020	Table 6, p. 6, row 5 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	8.996 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Worley 1955 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 4 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.45 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Corsan 1970 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 13 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.6 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Pan 1977	Table 6, p. 6, row 19 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.8 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Chernoplekov 1973	Table 6, p. 6, row 15 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.67 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Arblaster 2017 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 26 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.47 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Ohlendorf 1979 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 20 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.26 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Kittel 1996	Table 6, p. 6, row 24 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	8.87 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Cheng 1962	Table 6, p. 6, row 6 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.75 mJ/(mol⋅K) ± 0.3		bcc	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Desai 1986 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 25 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	8.8 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Vergara 1984 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 21 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.669 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Li 2007 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 27 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.26 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Tomilo 1986 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 28 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.64 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Shen 1965	Table 6, p. 6, row 2 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	10.4 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Kumagai 1974 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 17 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	8.996 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Corak 1954 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 3 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.63 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Ishikawa 1971	Table 6, p. 6, row 14 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.67 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Leupold 1977 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 18 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.247 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites E 1964	Table 6, p. 6, row 9 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.92 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Keesom 1964 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 8 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	3.91 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 6, p. 6, row 32 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.9 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Heiniger 1966	Table 6, p. 6, row 11 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.82 mJ/(mol⋅K)		bcc	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Radebaugh 1966 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 10 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	2.36 mJ/(mol⋅K)		fcc	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 6, p. 6, row 38 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.711 mJ/(mol⋅K)		fcc	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Li 2007 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 36 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.889 mJ/(mol⋅K)		hcp	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Li 2007 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 33 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	2.89 mJ/(mol⋅K)		hcp	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 6, p. 6, row 35 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	3.75 mJ/(mol⋅K)		liquid-amorphous	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 6, p. 6, row 43 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	9.929 mJ/(mol⋅K)		liquid-amorphous	unspecified	[4] Hu 2020 cites Li 2007 doi	Table 6, p. 6, row 42 report
Heat capacity printed: γ	2.2 mJ/(mol⋅K)		ω	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 6, p. 6, row 40 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4678 unknown	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Arblaster 2017 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 18 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4580 unknown	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Glushko 1982	Table 7, p. 7, row 14 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4707 unknown ± 10	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Desai 1986 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 17 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4507 unknown	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Dinsdale 1991 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 19 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4707 unknown ± 50	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Smith 1981	Table 7, p. 7, row 15 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4706 unknown	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 7, p. 7, row 20 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4640 unknown	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites and Desai [35] 1941	Table 7, p. 7, row 16 report
Heat content printed: H°(298.15 K)–H°(0 K)	4640 unknown	298.15	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 7, p. 7, row 13 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	7.953 unknown ± 0.335	2175	V	experimental	[4] Hu 2020 cites Treverton 1971 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 1 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	9.8488 unknown	2183	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Dinsdale 1991 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 19 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	9.9 unknown ± 1	2183	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Smith 1981	Table 7, p. 7, row 15 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	10.432 unknown	2190	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites and Desai [35] 1941	Table 7, p. 7, row 16 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	10.4607 unknown	2201	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Arblaster 2017 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 18 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	9.537 unknown ± 1.2	2202	V	model	[4] Hu 2020 cites Desai 1986 doi	Table 7, p. 7, row 17 report
sm fusion printed: ΔfusS°	9.5474 unknown	2202	V	model	[4] Hu 2020	Table 7, p. 7, row 20 report

Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (2)

Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, V system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Gibbs energy printed: Gm(ω)-Gm(β)	12655 J/mol	0	UNKNOWN alloy: V 1	DFT	[5] Yan 2016	Table 4, p. 5, row 1 report
Gibbs energy printed: Gm(ω)-Gm(β)	8965 J/mol	0	UNKNOWN alloy: V 1	model	[5] Yan 2016	Table 4, p. 5, row 2 report

Crystal structure (35)

Crystal structure, V system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	4.9322 Å	0	C14 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
Lattice a	6.8817 Å	0	C15 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 4 report
Lattice a	4.933 Å	0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
Lattice a	2.9783 Å	0	NM BCC V alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 1, p. 3, row 2 report
Lattice a	0.303 Å		V	unspecified	[7] Chang 2010	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice a	3 Å		bcc alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 5 report
Lattice a	2.993 Å		bcc alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 5 report
Lattice a	3.817 Å		fcc alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 8 report
Lattice a	3.819 Å		fcc alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 8 report
Lattice a	2.742 Å		hcp alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 7 report
Lattice a	4.256 Å		ω alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 6 report
Lattice a	3.024 Å	298.15	(V) alloy: V 1	model	[1] Broz 2013 cites Smith 1983 doi	Table 1, p. 3, row 2 report
Lattice a	3.0238 Å	298.15	(V) (V): V 1	unspecified	[3] Smith 1985 cites ref. 1	Table 1, p. 3, row 2 report
Lattice a	3.0309 Å	298.15	NM BCC V alloy: V 1	experimental	[6] Pavlů 2011 cites Villars 1991	Table 1, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice a	0.30271 Å	298.15	V	model	[7] Chang 2010 cites Villars 1991	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Lattice a	3.0238 Å	298.15	bcc (V) bcc (V): V 1	unspecified	[8] Smith 1988 cites ref. 1	Table I, p. 2, row 6 report
Lattice a	3.0278 Å	298.15	bcc-V	unspecified	[9] Zhao 2012 cites Finkel 1980	Table 1, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice a	3.025 Å	2182.95 (<)	(V) alloy: V 1	unspecified	[10] Cao 2013 cites http://crystdb	Table 1, p. 2, row 5 report
Lattice c	7.7199 Å	0	C14 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
Lattice c	15.4522 Å	0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
Lattice c	4.325 Å		hcp alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 7 report
Lattice c	2.631 Å		ω alloy: V 1	DFT	[4] Hu 2020	Table 9, p. 9, row 6 report
lattice c a	1 not_printed	0	NM BCC V alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 1, p. 3, row 2 report
lattice c a	1 not_printed	298.15	NM BCC V alloy: V 1	experimental	[6] Pavlů 2011 cites Villars 1991	Table 1, p. 3, row 1 report
lattice v atom	1.355 10^7 pm^3	0	C14 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
lattice v atom	1.358 10^7 pm^3	0	C15 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 4 report
lattice v atom	1.357 10^7 pm^3	0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
lattice v atom	1.321 10^7 pm^3	0	NM BCC V alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 1, p. 3, row 2 report
lattice v atom	1.392 10^7 pm^3	298.15	NM BCC V alloy: V 1	experimental	[6] Pavlů 2011 cites Villars 1991	Table 1, p. 3, row 1 report
site fractional coordinates		0	C14 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
site fractional coordinates		0	C14 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
site fractional coordinates		0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
site fractional coordinates		0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
site fractional coordinates		0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
site fractional coordinates		0	C36 alloy: V 1	DFT	[6] Pavlů 2011	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report

Other property (1)

Other property, V system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Transition enthalpy printed: ΔH°	20950 J (g at.)^-1	2175	UNKNOWN alloy: V 1	unspecified	[11] Spear 1981 cites ref. 16	Table 1, p. 4, row 18 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

P. Broz, A.U. Khan, H. Niu, X.-Q. Chen, D. Li, J. Vrestal et al., The system Ta–V–Si: Thermodynamic modeling, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 199, 171-180 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2012.12.003
Beril Tonyali, Hui Sun, Brandon Bocklund, John Paul Borgonia, Richard A. Otis, Shun-Li Shang et al., Additively manufactured Ni-20Cr to V functionally graded material: Computational predictions and experimental verification of phase formations, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 985, 174011 (2024). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174011
J. F. Smith, K. J. Lee, The In−V (Indium-Vanadium) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, 66-68 (1985). doi:10.1007/bf02871189
Biao Hu, Soumya Sridar, Liangyan Hao, Wei Xiong, A new thermodynamic modeling of the Ti–V system including the metastable ω phase, Intermetallics 122, 106791 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106791
Jia-Yi Yan, G.B. Olson, Computational thermodynamics and kinetics of displacive transformations in titanium-based alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 673, 441-454 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.251
J. Pavlů, J. Vřešt’ál, X.-Q. Chen, P. Rogl, Thermodynamic modeling of Laves phases in the Ta–V system: Reassessment using first-principles results, Calphad 35, 103-108 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.002
Keke Chang, Yong Du, Weihua Sun, Honghui Xu, LiangCai Zhou, Thermodynamic assessment of the V–Zn system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculations, Calphad 34, 75-80 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003
J. F. Smith, K. J. Lee, The Ca−V (Calcium-Vanadium), Sr−V (strontium-Vandadium), and Ba−V (Barium-Vanadium) systems, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 9, 466-469 (1988). doi:10.1007/bf02881868
Xu-Shan Zhao, Gai-Huan Yuan, Mei-Yi Yao, Qiang Yue, Jian-Yun Shen, First-principles calculations and thermodynamic modeling of the V–Zr system, Calphad 36, 163-168 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.07.003
Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang et al., Thermodynamic modeling of the Bi-M (M = Ti, Cr, V) systems, J min metall B Metall 49, 307-313 (2013). doi:10.2298/jmmb130127033c
K.E. Spear, J.H. Blanks, M.S. Wang, Thermodynamic modeling of the VB system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 82, 237-243 (1981). doi:10.1016/0022-5088(81)90224-1

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}