# W system > W system: 20 accepted literature values (crystal structure 17, other property 3) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/W.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/W.md 20 accepted literature values from 5 paper(s) (experimental 6, model 7, DFT 1, unspecified 6); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/W.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/W.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#W) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/W.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/W.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | experimental | 6 | | model | 7 | | DFT | 1 | | unspecified | 6 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | crystal structure | 17 | | other property | 3 | ## Other properties ### Crystal structure (17) Table: Crystal structure, W system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Lattice a | 3.174 Å | | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [1] Huang 2020 | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-KM4FRPAUSO.d79383` | | | Lattice a | 3.185 Å | | W; _alloy: W 1_ | DFT | [2] Lieser 2012 | Table 1, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-XRMPKI3TX5` | | | Lattice a | 3.19 Å | | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [2] Lieser 2012; _cites Wang 2004_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2004.05.002) | Table 1, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-ZBECHBJEE2` | | | Lattice a | 3.165 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | experimental | [1] Huang 2020; _cites Goetz 1964_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-B66DI5M4UI.b3b34c` | | | Lattice a | 3.166 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | experimental | [2] Lieser 2012; _cites Braun 1960_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-C6BKW7AWWK` | | | Lattice a | 3.3 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [3] Li 2013; _cites Daams 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-EAWGV6LDWN` | | | Lattice a | 3.1665 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | unspecified | [4] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 65Rud_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-LNWZAJFRBB.b5536d` | | | Lattice a | 3.1652 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [4] Duschanek 1995; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TFQYNHO73Y.a48b5e` | | | Lattice b | 3.174 Å | | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [1] Huang 2020 | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-KM4FRPAUSO.9e5a4e` | | | Lattice b | 3.165 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | experimental | [1] Huang 2020; _cites Goetz 1964_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-B66DI5M4UI.fb4f5a` | | | Lattice c | 3.174 Å | | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [1] Huang 2020 | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-KM4FRPAUSO.bddc75` | | | Lattice c | 3.165 Å | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | experimental | [1] Huang 2020; _cites Goetz 1964_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-B66DI5M4UI.dd8c93` | | | lattice unspecified axis; _printed: Lattice constant_ | 3.1802 Å | | Pure W; _alloy: W 1_ | unspecified | [5] Turchi 2005 | Table I, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-BULSJRXPCM` | | | lattice unspecified axis; _printed: Lattice constant_ | 3.1652 Å | | Pure W; _alloy: W 1_ | experimental | [5] Turchi 2005 | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-QYUCBN7GNF` | | | lattice unspecified axis; _printed: Lattice constant_ | 3.1934 Å | | Pure W; _alloy: W 1_ | unspecified | [5] Turchi 2005 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-VNF7LK2LC4` | | | lattice v | 31.75 nm3 × 10^3 | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | unspecified | [4] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 65Rud_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-LNWZAJFRBB.2702fd` | | | lattice v | 31.71 nm3 × 10^3 | 298.15 | W; _alloy: W 1_ | model | [4] Duschanek 1995; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TFQYNHO73Y.5abdc1` | | ### Other property (3) Table: Other property, W system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | bulk modulus; _printed: Bulk modulus_ | 337.3 GPa | | Pure W; _alloy: W 1_ | unspecified | [5] Turchi 2005 | Table I, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-7UABXGZIWU` | | | bulk modulus; _printed: Bulk modulus_ | 310.4 GPa | | Pure W; _alloy: W 1_ | experimental | [5] Turchi 2005 | Table I, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-SKGRAITNQZ` | | | bulk modulus; _printed: Bulk modulus_ | 314 GPa | | Pure W; _alloy: W 1_ | unspecified | [5] Turchi 2005 | Table I, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-UGWLKQXAOB` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. Y.-Y. Huang, B. Wu, F. Li, L.-L. Chen, Z.-X. Deng, K. Chang, First-principles and CALPHAD-type study of the Ir-Mo and Ir-W systems, J min metall B Metall 56, 109-118 (2020). [doi:10.2298/jmmb190211001h](https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb190211001h) 2. Alyson C. Lieser, Chelsey L. Zacherl, Arkapol Saengdeejing, Zi-Kui Liu, Laszlo J. Kecskes, First-principles calculations and thermodynamic re-modeling of the Hf–W system, Calphad 38, 92-99 (2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.04.005](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.04.005) 3. Yan Li, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Cuiping Guo, Thermodynamic optimization of the Nb–Si–W ternary system, Calphad 43, 112-123 (2013). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.04.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.04.004) 4. H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, Critical assessment and thermodynamic calculation of the binary system boron-tungsten (B-W), JPE 16, 150-161 (1995). [doi:10.1007/bf02664852](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02664852) 5. P. E. A. Turchi, V. Drchal, J. Kudrnovský, C. Colinet, Larry Kaufman, Zi-Kui Liu, Application of\ab initio\and CALPHAD thermodynamics to Mo-Ta-W alloys, Phys. Rev. B 71 (2005). [doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.094206](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.094206) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).