# Zn system > Zn system: 34 accepted literature values (crystal structure 19, invariant reaction 9, other property 3, phase transition 3) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/ZN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/ZN.md 34 accepted literature values from 11 paper(s) (experimental 14, model 6, DFT 8, unspecified 6); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/ZN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/ZN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#ZN) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/ZN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/ZN.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | experimental | 14 | | model | 6 | | DFT | 8 | | unspecified | 6 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | invariant reaction | 9 | | phase transition | 3 | | crystal structure | 19 | | other property | 3 | ## Invariant reactions (literature) Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Zn system (9) | T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 693.15 | congruent melting: L -> hcp - Zn | L: Zn 1 | model | [1] Liu 2008 | Table 3, p. 5, row 44; `ORC-ANTZ7U3TFC` | | | 693.15 | congruent melting: L -> hcp - Zn | L: Zn 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2008; _cites Mason 1976_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02644469) | Table 3, p. 5, row 46; `ORC-SGSVALC3TA` | | | 692.73 | congruent melting: Zn(s) ↔ Zn(L) | | model | [2] Vassilev 2004 | Table 4, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-IRO3P6TFBX` | | | 692.73 | congruent melting: Zn(s) ↔ Zn(L) | | experimental | [2] Vassilev 2004 | Table 4, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-N3HPIPFGPB` | | | 692.73 | congruent melting: Zn(s) \<-> Zn(L) | Zn: Zn 1 | unspecified | [2] Vassilev 2004; _cites Dinsdale 1991_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-UIWCTIA6N5` | | | 692.73 | congruent melting: L -> hcp - Zn | L: Zn 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2008; _cites Okamoto 2000_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 47; `ORC-W4ZOHSNJR6` | | | 692.65 | congruent melting: Zn(s) \<-> Zn(L) | Zn: Zn 1 | unspecified | [2] Vassilev 2004; _cites ref. 1993Bar_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-VAQMMPYXBK` | | | 692.15 | congruent melting: L -> hcp - Zn | L: Zn 1 | experimental | [1] Liu 2008; _cites Chiotti 1963_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 45; `ORC-KP2GNLYSVG` | | | 691 | L2 -> (Zn) + L1 | L2: Zn 0.997 | experimental | [3] Srivastava 1993; _cites ref. 3_ | Table 3, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-TTWDHPJZS3` | | ## Other properties ### Phase transition (3) Table: Phase transition, Zn system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Phase transition | 692 K | 692 | congruent melting: L -> Zn; _L: Zn 1; Zn: Zn 1_ | experimental | [4] Li 2007; _cites Izard 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-5916%2802%2900008-1) | Table 2, p. 3, row 48; `ORC-K44E3IP52V` | | | Phase transition | 692.58 K | 692.58 | congruent melting: L \<-> (Zn); _L: Zn 1; (Zn): Zn 1_ | experimental | [5] Liu 2009; _cites Adjadj 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.04.051) | Table 6, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-ENW7KJARKK` | | | Phase transition | 703.15 K | 703.15 | Solubility in the liquid phase; _L: Zn 0.995_ | experimental | [6] Reumont 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-QPX3DY2O2E` | | ### Crystal structure (19) Table: Crystal structure, Zn system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | Lattice a | 0.2668 Å | | (Zn); _alloy: Zn 1_ | unspecified | [7] Chang 2010 | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-BCFEKKOL63.8fcb4e` | | | Lattice a | 2.665 Å | | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | experimental | [8] Tang 2012; _cites Brown 1965_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-UQXCLTNGJR.78ab28` | | | Lattice a | 2.634 Å | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [8] Tang 2012 | Table 1, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UXEEEAGE56.2b6292` | | | Lattice a | 2.6594 Å | | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | experimental | [9] Gong 2022; _cites ref. 51_ | Table 3, p. 29, row 4; `ORC-XC5YN2ONJ3.06c4cb` | | | Lattice a | 2.6426 Å | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [9] Gong 2022 | Table 3, p. 29, row 3; `ORC-ZGCPMHB342.3a1892` | | | Lattice a | 2.6535 Å | 291.15 | Zn; _Zn: Zn 1_ | unspecified | [10] Dutkiewicz 1990; _cites ref. 65Dav_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-W6WIBAJMEI.9f142c` | | | Lattice a | 0.26646 Å | 298.15 | (Zn); _alloy: Zn 1_ | model | [7] Chang 2010; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-4ZBVWU5F4I.f65da1` | | | Lattice c | 0.50158 Å | | (Zn); _alloy: Zn 1_ | unspecified | [7] Chang 2010 | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-BCFEKKOL63.9a8308` | | | Lattice c | 4.945 Å | | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | experimental | [8] Tang 2012; _cites Brown 1965_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-UQXCLTNGJR.f14334` | | | Lattice c | 5.142 Å | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [8] Tang 2012 | Table 1, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-UXEEEAGE56.d416ac` | | | Lattice c | 4.9328 Å | | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | experimental | [9] Gong 2022; _cites ref. 51_ | Table 3, p. 29, row 4; `ORC-XC5YN2ONJ3.434d93` | | | Lattice c | 5.0268 Å | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [9] Gong 2022 | Table 3, p. 29, row 3; `ORC-ZGCPMHB342.60aa4c` | | | Lattice c | 4.9251 Å | 291.15 | Zn; _Zn: Zn 1_ | unspecified | [10] Dutkiewicz 1990; _cites ref. 65Dav_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-W6WIBAJMEI.9fcee4` | | | Lattice c | 0.49641 Å | 298.15 | (Zn); _alloy: Zn 1_ | model | [7] Chang 2010; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-4ZBVWU5F4I.cf080e` | | | Molar volume; _printed: Vm,X_ | 9.94 10^-6 m^3/mol | 693 | UNKNOWN; _alloy: Zn 1_ | model | [11] Doi 2006; _cites Tanaka 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.199400921) | Table 7, p. 10, row 3; `ORC-BBSZGAHZ7B.fee6c0` | | | Molar volume; _printed: VX at 723 K_ | 9.98 10^-6 m^3/mol | 723 | UNKNOWN; _alloy: Zn 1_ | model | [11] Doi 2006; _cites Tanaka 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.199400921) | Table 7, p. 10, row 3; `ORC-BBSZGAHZ7B.8ea17d` | | | volume; _printed: V0_ | 15.185 Å3/atom | | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | experimental | [9] Gong 2022; _cites ref. 43_ | Table 4, p. 30, row 6; `ORC-4G7IEAWFVU.54c06b` | | | volume; _printed: V0_ | 15.491 Å3/atom | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [9] Gong 2022; _cites ref. 43_ | Table 4, p. 30, row 5; `ORC-4RPAEUYDDW.cb0992` | | | volume; _printed: V0_ | 15.336 Å3/atom | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [9] Gong 2022 | Table 4, p. 30, row 4; `ORC-KXOQKMERLJ.996397` | | ### Other property (3) Table: Other property, Zn system | Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---| | bulk modulus; _printed: B_ | 73.2 GPa | | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | experimental | [9] Gong 2022; _cites ref. 43_ | Table 4, p. 30, row 6; `ORC-4G7IEAWFVU.b7bb63` | | | bulk modulus; _printed: B_ | 58.6 GPa | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [9] Gong 2022; _cites ref. 43_ | Table 4, p. 30, row 5; `ORC-4RPAEUYDDW.c68682` | | | bulk modulus; _printed: B_ | 57.5 GPa | 0 | Zn; _alloy: Zn 1_ | DFT | [9] Gong 2022 | Table 4, p. 30, row 4; `ORC-KXOQKMERLJ.91ef7f` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. X.J. Liu, M.Z. Wen, C.P. Wang, F.S. Pan, Thermodynamic assessment of the Zn–Y and Al–Zn–Y systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 452, 283-290 (2008). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.11.029](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.11.029) 2. George Penev Vassilev, Min Jiang, Thermodynamic Optimization of the Co-Zn System, Journal of Phase Equilibria & Diffusion 25, 259-268 (2004). [doi:10.1361/15477030419522](https://doi.org/10.1361/15477030419522) 3. M. Srivastava, R. C. Sharma, Thermodynamic analysis and phase equilibria calculations of pb-zn, sn-zn, and pb-sn-zn systems, JPE 14, 700-709 (1993). [doi:10.1007/bf02667882](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667882) 4. Jing-Bo Li, Marie-Christine Record, Jean-Claude Tedenac, A thermodynamic assessment of the Sb–Zn system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 438, 171-177 (2007). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.035](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.035) 5. Ya Liu, Jean-Claude Tedenac, Thermodynamic modeling of the Cd–Sb–Zn ternary system, Calphad 33, 684-694 (2009). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2009.08.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2009.08.006) 6. Guy Reumont, Pierre Perrot, Thermodynamic assessment of the Zinc-Rich part of the Cr-Zn system, JPE 24, 50-54 (2003). [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0006-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0006-4) 7. Keke Chang, Yong Du, Weihua Sun, Honghui Xu, LiangCai Zhou, Thermodynamic assessment of the V–Zn system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculations, Calphad 34, 75-80 (2010). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2009.12.003) 8. C. Tang, P. Zhou, D.D. Zhao, X.M. Yuan, Y. Tang, P.S. Wang et al., Thermodynamic modeling of the Sc-Zn system coupled with first-principles calculation, J min metall B Metall 48, 123-130 (2012). [doi:10.2298/jmmb110909017t](https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb110909017t) 9. Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491) 10. J. Dutkiewicz, Z. Moser, L. Zabdyr, D. D. Gohil, T. G. Chart, I. Ansara et al., The Ga-Zn (Gallium-Zinc) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 11, 77-82 (1990). [doi:10.1007/bf02841587](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841587) 11. K. Doi, S. Ono, H. Ohtani, M. Hasebe, Thermodynamic study of the phase equilibria in the Sn−Ti−Zn ternary system, JPED 27, 63-74 (2006). [doi:10.1361/105497106x92826](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497106x92826) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).