Bi2Gd: enthalpy of formation

10 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (model 5, DFT 5); OQMD -55.782 kJ/mol-atom (oqmd-1800951).

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of Bi2Gd reported in the literature (10)
Value	Phase as printed	Class	Method	System	Source	Location
-67 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(GdSb2-2)	model	Miedema model	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 17 report
-67 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(EuSb2)	model	Miedema model	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 13 report
-67 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(EuBi2)	model	Miedema model	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 11 report
-67 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(YbSb2)	model	Miedema model	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 19 report
-67 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(GdSb2-1)	model	Miedema model	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 15 report
-56.8759 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(EuSb2)	DFT	first-principles	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 12 report
-56.8396 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(YbSb2)	DFT	first-principles	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 18 report
-54.0316 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(EuBi2)	DFT	first-principles	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 10 report
-53.812 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(GdSb2-2)	DFT	first-principles	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 16 report
-21.5319 kJ/mol-atom	GdBi2(GdSb2–1)	DFT	first-principles	Bi–Gd	[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 14 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Bi2Gd
Value	Unit	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-67	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-67	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-67	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-67	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-67	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-56.8759	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-6	8.395 (dft, calibrated)	8.395
-56.8396	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-6	8.395 (dft, calibrated)	8.395
-54.0316	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-6	8.395 (dft, calibrated)	8.395
-53.812	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-4	8.395 (dft, calibrated)	8.395
-21.5319	kJ/mol-atom	5.000e-6	8.395 (dft, calibrated)	8.395

DFT formation energies

Lowest-energy entries at this composition. Materials Project and OQMD use different energy references and are never averaged. 1 eV/atom = 96.485 kJ/mol-atom.

DFT formation energy of Bi2Gd
Source	Entry	kJ/mol-atom	eV/atom	Space group	E above hull (kJ/mol-atom)	E above hull (eV/atom)	Theoretical
OQMD	oqmd-1800951	-55.782	-0.578139	P21/m	3.32	0.0344	yes

DFT sources: A. Jain et al., Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002. doi:10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501-1509; S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010. doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 (CC BY 4.0);

Sources

Jinsan Wang, Changrong Li, Cuiping Guo, Zhenmin Du, Bo Wu, Thermodynamic assessment of the Gd–Bi and the Ho–Bi systems, Calphad 41, 1-5 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}