Bi–Gd system

48 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 13, model 14, DFT 15, unspecified 6); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 6 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (9) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	13
model	14
DFT	15
unspecified	6

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	17
phase transition	1
formation	19
crystal structure	11

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	J. Wang, C. Li, C. Guo, Z. Du, B. Wu, Calphad, 41, 1-5(2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003	`deb2422aa42efa6ff0f9e1b807d14a4a0584f57aa3b54519f61624b34bd5b23a`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1852.34	BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) + BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62687)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1852.34	BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) + BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62692)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1852.34	BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) + BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62677)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1751.06	BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.68233)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1751.06	BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.68238)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1751.06	BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.6823)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1508.15	LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.9325) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1508.15	LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.93234) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1347.42	BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85529) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1347.42	BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85531) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1347.42	BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85525) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1179.06	LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.1812) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) + BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	1179.06	LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.1813) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) + BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	540.71	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.01177) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	540.71	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.0117) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333)
BiGd-13Wan.tdb	540.71	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.01168) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Gd system (17)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location	Quote
2043	congruent melting: L -> GdBi	L: Bi 0.5; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5	unspecified	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
2042	congruent melting: L -> GdBi	L: Bi 0.5; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5	model	[1] Wang 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
1853	peritectic: L + GdBi -> Gd4Bi3	L: Bi 0.37; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429	model	[1] Wang 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 6 report
1853	peritectic: L + GdBi -> Gd4Bi3		experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	p. 1 report	The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.
1853	peritectic: L + GdBi -> Gd4Bi3	L: Bi 0.36; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429	unspecified	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	Table 1, p. 2, row 5 report
1753	peritectic: L + Gd4Bi3 -> Gd5Bi3	L: Bi 0.32; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625	model	[1] Wang 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 4 report
1753	peritectic: L + Gd4Bi3 -> Gd5Bi3	L: Bi 0.325; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625	unspecified	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
1753	peritectic: L + Gd4Bi3 -> Gd5Bi3		experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	p. 1 report	The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.
1353	eutectic: L -> Hcp_A3 (Gd) + Gd5Bi3		experimental	[1] Wang 2013	p. 1 report	There were two eutectic reactions, L2Hcp_A3 (Gd)þGd5Bi3 at 1353 K and L2Rhomb (Bi)þGdBi2 at 542 K.
1353	eutectic: L -> Gd5Bi3 + Hcp_A3 (Gd)	L: Bi 0.149; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625	unspecified	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
1353	eutectic: L -> Gd5Bi3 + Hcp_A3 (Gd)	L: Bi 0.146; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625	model	[1] Wang 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
1183	peritectic: L + GdBi -> GdBi2	L: Bi 0.82; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333	model	[1] Wang 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 10 report
1183	peritectic: L + GdBi -> GdBi2	L: Bi 0.83; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
1183	peritectic: L + GdBi -> GdBi2		experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	p. 1 report	The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.
542	eutectic: L -> Rhomb (Bi) + GdBi2		experimental	[1] Wang 2013	p. 1 report	There were two eutectic reactions, L2Hcp_A3 (Gd)þGd5Bi3 at 1353 K and L2Rhomb (Bi)þGdBi2 at 542 K.
542	eutectic: L -> GdBi2 + Rhomb_A7 (Bi)	L: Bi 0.985; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	Table 1, p. 2, row 11 report
541	eutectic: L -> GdBi2 + Rhomb_A7 (Bi)	L: Bi 0.989; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333	model	[1] Wang 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 12 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Bi–Gd system (19)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location
Gd4Bi3	Bi3Gd4	-92 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	experimental		-76.181 (oqmd-28723)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Borzone 1980 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 4 report
Gd4Bi3	Bi3Gd4	-81 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-76.181 (oqmd-28723)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 6 report
Gd4Bi3		-78.2101 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 5 report
Gd5Bi3	Bi3Gd5	-87.4 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	experimental		-72.034 (oqmd-10931)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Borzone 1980 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 1 report
Gd5Bi3	Bi3Gd5	-76 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-72.034 (oqmd-10931)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 3 report
Gd5Bi3		-74.2502 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 2 report
GdBi	BiGd	-96.7 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	experimental	-87.324 (mp-aaabiyzx)	-88.653 (oqmd-1926131)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Borzone 1980 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 7 report
GdBi		-90.4625 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 8 report
GdBi	BiGd	-83 kJ/mol-atom	0	model	-87.324 (mp-aaabiyzx)	-88.653 (oqmd-1926131)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 9 report
GdBi2(EuBi2)	Bi2Gd	-67 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-55.782 (oqmd-1800951)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 11 report
GdBi2(EuBi2)		-54.0316 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 10 report
GdBi2(EuSb2)	Bi2Gd	-67 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-55.782 (oqmd-1800951)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 13 report
GdBi2(EuSb2)		-56.8759 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 12 report
GdBi2(GdSb2-1)	Bi2Gd	-67 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-55.782 (oqmd-1800951)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 15 report
GdBi2(GdSb2-2)	Bi2Gd	-67 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-55.782 (oqmd-1800951)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 17 report
GdBi2(GdSb2-2)		-53.812 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 16 report
GdBi2(GdSb2–1)		-21.5319 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 14 report
GdBi2(YbSb2)	Bi2Gd	-67 kJ/mol-atom	0	model		-55.782 (oqmd-1800951)	[1] Wang 2013 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 5, p. 3, row 19 report
GdBi2(YbSb2)		-56.8396 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Wang 2013	Table 5, p. 3, row 18 report

Other properties

Phase transition (1)

Phase transition, Bi–Gd system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	2043 K	2043	congruent melting	experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Abulkhaev 1993	p. 1 report	The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.

Crystal structure (11)

Crystal structure, Bi–Gd system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	9.4418 Å	0	Gd4Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.571429	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 3, p. 3, row 3 report
Lattice a	9.252 Å	0	Gd5Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.625	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice a	6.3562 Å	0	GdBi alloy: Gd 0.5	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 3, p. 3, row 5 report
Lattice a	9.3853 Å	298.15	Gd4Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.571429	experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 4 report
Lattice a	9.182 Å	298.15	Gd5Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.625	experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Hohnke 1969 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 2 report
Lattice a	6.3108 Å	298.15	GdBi alloy: Gd 0.5	experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 6 report
Lattice c	6.412 Å	0	Gd5Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.625	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice c	6.426 Å	298.15	Gd5Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.625	experimental	[1] Wang 2013 cites Hohnke 1969 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 2 report
Molar volume printed: V0	420.857 Å3	0	Gd4Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.571429	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 4, p. 3, row 2 report
Molar volume printed: V0	475.316 Å3	0	Gd5Bi3 alloy: Gd 0.625	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 4, p. 3, row 1 report
Molar volume printed: V0	64.199 Å3	0	GdBi alloy: Gd 0.5	DFT	[1] Wang 2013	Table 4, p. 3, row 3 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Jinsan Wang, Changrong Li, Cuiping Guo, Zhenmin Du, Bo Wu, Thermodynamic assessment of the Gd–Bi and the Ho–Bi systems, Calphad 41, 1-5 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}