Ga2Se3: enthalpy of formation

9 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 6, model 3); experimental median -81.379 kJ/mol-atom (n = 6); Materials Project -83.763 kJ/mol-atom (mp-aaaaabzo); OQMD -57.081 kJ/mol-atom (oqmd-2169176).

Systems: Ga–Se

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of Ga2Se3 reported in the literature (9)
Value	Phase as printed	T (K)	Class	Method	System	Source	Location
-92.048 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	experimental	Calorimetry	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Gadzhiev 1961	Table 3, p. 6, row 9 report
-87.864 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	experimental	Calorimetry	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Hahn 1956 doi	Table 3, p. 6, row 8 report
-81.7554 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	experimental	Galvanic Cell	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Mamedov 1969	Table 3, p. 6, row 12 report
-81.002 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	experimental	Galvanic Cell	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Mamedov 1969	Table 3, p. 6, row 12 report
-75.312 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	experimental	Calorimetry	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Effendiev 1965	Table 3, p. 6, row 10 report
-73.722 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	experimental	Calorimetry	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Sharifov 1967	Table 3, p. 6, row 11 report
-81.7554 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	model	Evaluation	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Barin 1995 doi	Table 3, p. 6, row 14 report
-81.7554 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	model	Evaluation	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008 cites Mills 1974	Table 3, p. 6, row 13 report
-79.7396 kJ/mol-atom	β-Ga2Se3	298.15	model	Evaluation	Ga–Se	[1] Zheng 2008	Table 3, p. 6, row 15 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Ga2Se3
Value	Unit	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-92.048	kJ/mol-atom	0.001	3.2 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	3.2
-87.864	kJ/mol-atom	0.001	3.2 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	3.2
-81.7554	kJ/mol-atom	1.000e-4	4.6 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	4.6
-81.002	kJ/mol-atom	0.001	4.6 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	4.6
-75.312	kJ/mol-atom	0.001	3.2 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	3.2
-73.722	kJ/mol-atom	0.001	3.2 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	3.2
-81.7554	kJ/mol-atom	1.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-81.7554	kJ/mol-atom	1.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-79.7396	kJ/mol-atom	1.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9

DFT formation energies

Lowest-energy entries at this composition. Materials Project and OQMD use different energy references and are never averaged. 1 eV/atom = 96.485 kJ/mol-atom.

DFT formation energy of Ga2Se3
Source	Entry	kJ/mol-atom	eV/atom	Space group	E above hull (kJ/mol-atom)	E above hull (eV/atom)	Theoretical
Materials Project	mp-aaaaabzo	-83.763	-0.868147	Cc	0	0	no
OQMD	oqmd-2169176	-57.081	-0.591602	Fdd2	0	0	yes

DFT sources: A. Jain et al., Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002. doi:10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501-1509; S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010. doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 (CC BY 4.0);

Sources

F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}