Bi–Pb phases

5 phases (tier A 4, liquid 1); 4 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Bi–Pb system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Bi–Pb system (5)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	TDB models
RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 phase:bi-pb:a7-rhombohedral	alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–544.55 K, x(Pb) 0–0.0048	4
BCC_A2 phase:bi-pb:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)	4
FCC_A1 phase:bi-pb:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.36 K, x(Pb) 0.76884–1	4
HCP_A3 phase:bi-pb:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–459.3 K, x(Pb) 0.57133–0.75363	4
LIQUID phase:bi-pb:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 398.14–2500 K, x(Pb) 0–1	4

RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (Bi–Pb)

Id: phase:bi-pb:a7-rhombohedral; status assigned
Structure: alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166); type st:a7-alpha-as-hr2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–544.55 K, x(Pb) 0–0.0048
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-pb:a7-rhombohedral
tdb: tdb:BiPb-17Gie.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:BiPb-21Aga.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:BiPb-98Yoo.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7

TDB models of RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiPb-17Gie.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 9ba301ea84eb981a…

42: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
43: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI% PB : !

BiPb-21Aga.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 767bd5aeaed33a7b…

47: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
48: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI% PB : !

BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 c36b3e9ef4935609…

44: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
45: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI% PB : !

BiPb-98Yoo.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 a29e66212cd9bf01…

40: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
41: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI% PB : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5 Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913 Renu Agarwal, Understanding uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic: Using calorimetric measurements, Thermochimica Acta 699, 178913 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00237-8 D. Boa, I. Ansara, Thermochim. Acta, 314, 79-86(1998).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(98)00022-4 S.W. Yoon, H.M. Lee, Calphad, 22, 167-78(1998).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (Bi–Pb)

Id: phase:bi-pb:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-pb:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:BiPb-17Gie.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:BiPb-21Aga.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:BiPb-98Yoo.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiPb-17Gie.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 9ba301ea84eb981a…

32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : BI PB : VA : !

BiPb-21Aga.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 767bd5aeaed33a7b…

37: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
38: CONST BCC_A2 : BI PB : VA : !

BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 c36b3e9ef4935609…

34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : BI PB : VA : !

BiPb-98Yoo.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 a29e66212cd9bf01…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : BI PB : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5 Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913 Renu Agarwal, Understanding uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic: Using calorimetric measurements, Thermochimica Acta 699, 178913 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00237-8 D. Boa, I. Ansara, Thermochim. Acta, 314, 79-86(1998).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(98)00022-4 S.W. Yoon, H.M. Lee, Calphad, 22, 167-78(1998).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Bi–Pb)

Id: phase:bi-pb:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.36 K, x(Pb) 0.76884–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-pb:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:BiPb-17Gie.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:BiPb-21Aga.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:BiPb-98Yoo.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiPb-17Gie.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 9ba301ea84eb981a…

27: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : BI PB : VA : !

BiPb-21Aga.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 767bd5aeaed33a7b…

32: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
33: CONST FCC_A1 : BI PB : VA : !

BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 c36b3e9ef4935609…

29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : BI PB : VA : !

BiPb-98Yoo.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 a29e66212cd9bf01…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : BI PB : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5 Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913 Renu Agarwal, Understanding uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic: Using calorimetric measurements, Thermochimica Acta 699, 178913 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00237-8 D. Boa, I. Ansara, Thermochim. Acta, 314, 79-86(1998).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(98)00022-4 S.W. Yoon, H.M. Lee, Calphad, 22, 167-78(1998).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Bi–Pb)

Id: phase:bi-pb:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–459.3 K, x(Pb) 0.57133–0.75363
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-pb:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:BiPb-17Gie.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:BiPb-21Aga.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:BiPb-98Yoo.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiPb-17Gie.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 9ba301ea84eb981a…

37: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
38: CONST HCP_A3 : BI PB : VA: !

BiPb-21Aga.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 767bd5aeaed33a7b…

42: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
43: CONST HCP_A3 : BI PB : VA: !

BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 c36b3e9ef4935609…

39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : BI PB : VA: !

BiPb-98Yoo.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 a29e66212cd9bf01…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : BI PB : VA: !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5 Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913 Renu Agarwal, Understanding uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic: Using calorimetric measurements, Thermochimica Acta 699, 178913 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00237-8 D. Boa, I. Ansara, Thermochim. Acta, 314, 79-86(1998).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(98)00022-4 S.W. Yoon, H.M. Lee, Calphad, 22, 167-78(1998).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Bi–Pb)

Id: phase:bi-pb:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 398.14–2500 K, x(Pb) 0–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-pb:liquid
tdb: tdb:BiPb-17Gie.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:BiPb-21Aga.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:BiPb-98Yoo.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiPb-17Gie.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 9ba301ea84eb981a…

22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : BI PB : !

BiPb-21Aga.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 767bd5aeaed33a7b…

27: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
28: CONST LIQUID:L : BI PB : !

BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 c36b3e9ef4935609…

24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : BI PB : !

BiPb-98Yoo.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 a29e66212cd9bf01…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : BI PB : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5 Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913 Renu Agarwal, Understanding uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic: Using calorimetric measurements, Thermochimica Acta 699, 178913 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00237-8 D. Boa, I. Ansara, Thermochim. Acta, 314, 79-86(1998).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(98)00022-4 S.W. Yoon, H.M. Lee, Calphad, 22, 167-78(1998).
assessment that models this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}