Bi–Pb system

17 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 14, model 3); 4 calculated phase diagram(s). 10 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (5) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	14
model	3

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	17

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
BiPb-17Gie.tdb	W. Gierlotka, Y.-C. Tung, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 38, 814-28(2017). doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5	`9ba301ea84eb981ad44b17ce0d217e2ffcbeba7a21465de277d553d7cdcb875d`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiPb-21Aga.tdb	R. Agarwal, Thermochim. Acta, 699, 178913(2021). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913	`767bd5aeaed33a7bfe7b7c07813caaca99307d658cafa2a0fdd5b5e08b781f32`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb	D. Boa, I. Ansara, Thermochim. Acta, 314, 79-86(1998). doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00237-8	`c36b3e9ef4935609b8cdbb9b21bc0170f1edcda3dc1ee82870fb038f1ddc5898`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiPb-98Yoo.tdb	S.W. Yoon, H.M. Lee, Calphad, 22, 167-78(1998). doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(98)00022-4	`a29e66212cd9bf01d1e375bf37f45b92183c0862c4511f8934f5c6017f59dc6c`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
BiPb-17Gie.tdb	459.3	LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.61641) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.72631) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.77856)
BiPb-17Gie.tdb	399.08	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.4405) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.59809)
BiPb-21Aga.tdb	456.77	LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.64839) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.71862) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.8057)
BiPb-21Aga.tdb	399.55	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Pb) 0.00198) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.45067) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.57133)
BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb	456.79	LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.62534) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.70476) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.76891)
BiPb-98Boa-LB.tdb	398.14	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Pb) 5.800e-4) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.44649) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.57206)
BiPb-98Yoo.tdb	458.11	LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.6413) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.72232) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.76884)
BiPb-98Yoo.tdb	399.06	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Pb) 0.0048) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.44701) + HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 0.58074)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull BiPb-17Gie · CALPHAD hull BiPb-98Boa-LB · CALPHAD hull BiPb-98Yoo

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Pb system (17)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
461.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.619; fcc: Pb 0.865; ε: Pb 0.702	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Takase 1937	Table 2, p. 6, row 1 report
460.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.62; fcc: Pb 0.78; ε: Pb 0.71	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Gokcen 1992 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 7 report
458.25	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.64; fcc: Pb 0.769; ε: Pb 0.722	model	[1] Yoon 1998	Table 2, p. 6, row 8 report
458.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.625; fcc: Pb 0.82; ε: Pb 0.66	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Nosek 1967	Table 2, p. 6, row 5 report
457.75	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.62; fcc: Pb 0.786; ε: Pb 0.679	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Hofe 1940 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 2 report
457.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.59; fcc: Pb 0.81; ε: Pb 0.753	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Oelsen 1958 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 4 report
457.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.64; fcc: Pb 0.76; ε: Pb 0.7	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Predel 1967 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 6 report
456.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε	L: Pb 0.6; fcc: Pb 0.81; ε: Pb 0.71	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Gershman 1957	Table 2, p. 6, row 3 report
398.75	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.446; Bi: Pb 0.005; ε: Pb 0.58	model	[1] Yoon 1998	Table 2, p. 6, row 15 report
398.65	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.445; Bi: Pb 0.01; ε: Pb 0.582	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Hofe 1940 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 11 report
398.65	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.45; Bi: Pb 0.005; ε: Pb 0.6	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Gokcen 1992 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 14 report
398.65	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.437; Bi: Pb 0.005; ε: Pb 0.644	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Takase 1937	Table 2, p. 6, row 10 report
398.15	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.453; Bi: Pb 0.005; ε: Pb 0.635	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Strickler 1936 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 9 report
398.15	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.443; Bi: Pb 0.006; ε: Pb 0.6	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Oelsen 1958 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 12 report
398.15	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε	L: Pb 0.45; Bi: Pb 0.02; ε: Pb 0.61	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Nosek 1967	Table 2, p. 6, row 13 report
227.65	eutectoid: ε -> β-Sn + fcc	ε: Pb 0.766; β-Sn: Pb 0.84	model	[1] Yoon 1998	Table 2, p. 6, row 17 report
227.15	eutectoid: ε -> β-Sn + fcc	ε: Pb 0.725; β-Sn: Pb 0.002; fcc: Pb 0.84	experimental	[1] Yoon 1998 cites Predel 1967 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 16 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Seung Wook Yoon, Hyuck Mo Lee, A thermodynamic study of phase equilibria in the Sn-Bi-Pb solder system, Calphad 22, 167-178 (1998). doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(98)00022-4

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}