C–Ti phases

6 phases (tier A 4, liquid 1, interstitial_fcc_a1_compound 1); 5 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · C–Ti system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the C–Ti system (6)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:c-ti:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 5 calculated diagram(s)	0	5
GRAPHITE_A9 phase:c-ti:a9-graphite	C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1	0	5
BCC_A2 phase:c-ti:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1129.99–1955.98 K, x(C) 0–0.03018	9	5
FCC_A1 phase:c-ti:fcc-a1	NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225)	assigned	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–3368.23 K, x(C) 0.31029–0.5	31	5
HCP_A3 phase:c-ti:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1220 K, x(C) 0–0.02091	4	5
LIQUID phase:c-ti:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1910–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.80493	11	5

DIAMOND_A4 (C–Ti)

Id: phase:c-ti:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 5 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:c-ti:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:TiC-03Fri.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:TiC-95Dus.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:TiC-96Jon.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:TiC-96Sei.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

TiC-03Fri.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 9f4e6802632c842e…

40: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
41: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

TiC-95Dus.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 d36ce7591c7cc1de…

50: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
51: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

TiC-96Jon.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 45f9b1014632354b…

50: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
51: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

TiC-96Sei.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 5ad19b550fd4faa8…

42: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
43: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 b270107d3fa5a3dd…

40: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
41: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02646248 H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H.L. Lukas, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 46-60(1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02648366 H.J. Seifert, H.L. Lukas, G. Petzow, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 24-35(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004 Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870904 S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 703-12(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900712 L.F.S. Dumitrescu, M. Hillert, B. Sundman, Z. Metallkd., 90, 534-41(1999).
assessment that models this phase

GRAPHITE_A9 (C–Ti)

Id: phase:c-ti:a9-graphite; status assigned
Structure: C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a9-c-graphite-hp4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-ti:a9-graphite, corpus:phase:c-ti:graphite-a9
tdb: tdb:TiC-03Fri.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:TiC-95Dus.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:TiC-96Jon.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:TiC-96Sei.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9

TDB models of GRAPHITE_A9 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

TiC-03Fri.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 9f4e6802632c842e…

45: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
46: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

TiC-95Dus.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 d36ce7591c7cc1de…

55: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
56: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

TiC-96Jon.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 45f9b1014632354b…

55: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
56: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

TiC-96Sei.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 5ad19b550fd4faa8…

47: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
48: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 b270107d3fa5a3dd…

45: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
46: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02646248 H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H.L. Lukas, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 46-60(1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02648366 H.J. Seifert, H.L. Lukas, G. Petzow, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 24-35(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004 Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870904 S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 703-12(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900712 L.F.S. Dumitrescu, M. Hillert, B. Sundman, Z. Metallkd., 90, 534-41(1999).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (C–Ti)

Id: phase:c-ti:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1129.99–1955.98 K, x(C) 0–0.03018
Literature: 9 values (9 accepted) from 3 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (9): corpus: corpus:phase:c-ti:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1007/bf02646248:βTi, paper:10.1007/bf02648366:βTi, paper:sha256-85fd53a1a176b694:bcc-A2
tdb: tdb:TiC-03Fri.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:TiC-95Dus.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:TiC-96Jon.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:TiC-96Sei.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

TiC-03Fri.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 9f4e6802632c842e…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-95Dus.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 d36ce7591c7cc1de…

40: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
41: CONST BCC_A2 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-96Jon.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 45f9b1014632354b…

40: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
41: CONST BCC_A2 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-96Sei.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 5ad19b550fd4faa8…

32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 b270107d3fa5a3dd…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : TI% : C VA% : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02648366 H.J. Seifert, H.L. Lukas, G. Petzow, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 24-35(1996).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02646248 H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H.L. Lukas, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 46-60(1995).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004 Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870904 S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 703-12(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900712 L.F.S. Dumitrescu, M. Hillert, B. Sundman, Z. Metallkd., 90, 534-41(1999).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.21236/ada470307 Erwin Rudy, Austin Y. Chang, Stefan Windisch, Ternary Phase Equilibria in Transition Metal-Boron-Carbon-Silicon Systems. Part 1. Related Binary Systems. Volume 1. Mo-C System, (1965).
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (C–Ti)

Id: phase:c-ti:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225); type st:b1-nacl-cf8; interstitial_fcc_a1_compound; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–3368.23 K, x(C) 0.31029–0.5
Literature: 31 values (31 accepted) from 4 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (11): corpus: corpus:phase:c-ti:fcc-a1
paper: paper:10.1007/bf02648366:TiC, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004:TiC, paper:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-274:TiC, paper:sha256-85fd53a1a176b694:fcc-A1, paper:sha256-85fd53a1a176b694:fcc-A1*
tdb: tdb:TiC-03Fri.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:TiC-95Dus.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:TiC-96Jon.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:TiC-96Sei.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

TiC-03Fri.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 9f4e6802632c842e…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : TI : C VA% : !

TiC-95Dus.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 d36ce7591c7cc1de…

35: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
36: CONST FCC_A1 : TI : C VA% : !

TiC-96Jon.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 45f9b1014632354b…

35: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
36: CONST FCC_A1 : TI : C VA% : !

TiC-96Sei.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 5ad19b550fd4faa8…

27: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : TI : C VA% : !

TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 b270107d3fa5a3dd…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : TI : C VA% : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02648366 H.J. Seifert, H.L. Lukas, G. Petzow, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 24-35(1996).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004 Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02646248 H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H.L. Lukas, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 46-60(1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870904 S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 703-12(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900712 L.F.S. Dumitrescu, M. Hillert, B. Sundman, Z. Metallkd., 90, 534-41(1999).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-274 Michitoshi Saeki, Takako Yamashita, Hiroshi Ohtani, Thermodynamic Study on Solubility Products of Ti4C2S2 in Fe Using First-Principles Calculations, ISIJ Int. 60, 745-755 (2020).
reports values for this phase
doi:10.21236/ada470307 Erwin Rudy, Austin Y. Chang, Stefan Windisch, Ternary Phase Equilibria in Transition Metal-Boron-Carbon-Silicon Systems. Part 1. Related Binary Systems. Volume 1. Mo-C System, (1965).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (C–Ti)

Id: phase:c-ti:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1220 K, x(C) 0–0.02091
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (8): corpus: corpus:phase:c-ti:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1007/bf02648366:αTi, paper:sha256-85fd53a1a176b694:hcp-A3
tdb: tdb:TiC-03Fri.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:TiC-95Dus.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:TiC-96Jon.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:TiC-96Sei.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

TiC-03Fri.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 9f4e6802632c842e…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-95Dus.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 d36ce7591c7cc1de…

45: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
46: CONST HCP_A3 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-96Jon.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 45f9b1014632354b…

45: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
46: CONST HCP_A3 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-96Sei.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 5ad19b550fd4faa8…

37: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 1 !
38: CONST HCP_A3 : TI% : C VA% : !

TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 b270107d3fa5a3dd…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : TI% : C VA% : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02648366 H.J. Seifert, H.L. Lukas, G. Petzow, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 24-35(1996).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02646248 H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H.L. Lukas, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 46-60(1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004 Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870904 S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 703-12(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900712 L.F.S. Dumitrescu, M. Hillert, B. Sundman, Z. Metallkd., 90, 534-41(1999).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (C–Ti)

Id: phase:c-ti:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1910–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.80493
Literature: 11 values (11 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (9): corpus: corpus:phase:c-ti:liquid
paper: paper:10.1007/bf02648366:L, paper:10.1007/bf02648366:liquid, paper:sha256-85fd53a1a176b694:Liquid
tdb: tdb:TiC-03Fri.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:TiC-95Dus.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:TiC-96Jon.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:TiC-96Sei.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

TiC-03Fri.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 9f4e6802632c842e…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : C TI : !

TiC-95Dus.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 d36ce7591c7cc1de…

30: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
31: CONST LIQUID:L : C TI : !

TiC-96Jon.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 45f9b1014632354b…

30: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
31: CONST LIQUID:L : C TI : !

TiC-96Sei.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 5ad19b550fd4faa8…

22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : C TI : !

TiC-99Dum-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 b270107d3fa5a3dd…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : C TI : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02648366 H.J. Seifert, H.L. Lukas, G. Petzow, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 24-35(1996).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02646248 H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H.L. Lukas, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 46-60(1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004 Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870904 S. Jonsson, Z. Metallkd., 87, 703-12(1996).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900712 L.F.S. Dumitrescu, M. Hillert, B. Sundman, Z. Metallkd., 90, 534-41(1999).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.21236/ada470307 Erwin Rudy, Austin Y. Chang, Stefan Windisch, Ternary Phase Equilibria in Transition Metal-Boron-Carbon-Silicon Systems. Part 1. Related Binary Systems. Volume 1. Mo-C System, (1965).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}