Cu–Pb phases

4 phases (tier A 3, liquid 1); 3 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Cu–Pb system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Cu–Pb system (4)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
BCC_A2 phase:cu-pb:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)	0	4
FCC_A1 phase:cu-pb:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.74 K, x(Pb) 0–1	24	4
HCP_A3 phase:cu-pb:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 600–600 K, x(Pb) 0.15–0.75	0	4
LIQUID phase:cu-pb:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 599.41–2500 K, x(Pb) 0–1	46	4

BCC_A2 (Cu–Pb)

Id: phase:cu-pb:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:cu-pb:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:CuPb-00Wan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuPb-01Ond.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuPb-13Vaa.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

CuPb-00Wan.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 325b09773e6921c6…

34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-01Ond.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 05b1425b6f848b48…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-13Vaa.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 98775991a8aa6392…

34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 f43832e2238dd6fd…

35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
36: CONST BCC_A2 : CU PB : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1 C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x B. Onderka, L. A. Zabdyr, A new critical assessment of the copper‐lead system, Scand Jof Metallurgy 30, 320-323 (2001).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108 F.H. Hayes, H.L. Lukas, G. Effenberg, G. Petzow, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-54(1986).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3139/146.110876 I. Vaajamo, H. Johto, P. Taskinen, Int. J. Mater. Res., 104, 372-76(2013).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Cu–Pb)

Id: phase:cu-pb:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.74 K, x(Pb) 0–1
Literature: 24 values (24 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (9): corpus: corpus:phase:cu-pb:fcc-a1
paper: paper:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1:(Cu), paper:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1:(Pb), paper:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x:(Cu), paper:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x:(Pb)
tdb: tdb:CuPb-00Wan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuPb-01Ond.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuPb-13Vaa.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

CuPb-00Wan.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 325b09773e6921c6…

29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-01Ond.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 05b1425b6f848b48…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-13Vaa.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 98775991a8aa6392…

29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 f43832e2238dd6fd…

30: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
31: CONST FCC_A1 : CU PB : VA : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1 C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x B. Onderka, L. A. Zabdyr, A new critical assessment of the copper‐lead system, Scand Jof Metallurgy 30, 320-323 (2001).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108 F.H. Hayes, H.L. Lukas, G. Effenberg, G. Petzow, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-54(1986).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3139/146.110876 I. Vaajamo, H. Johto, P. Taskinen, Int. J. Mater. Res., 104, 372-76(2013).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0040-6031(91)80126-4 Teppo O, Niemela J, Taskinen P. Thermochimica Acta 1991: 185: 155.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(86)90011-8 Niemela J. CALPHAD 1986: 10: 77.
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Cu–Pb)

Id: phase:cu-pb:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 600–600 K, x(Pb) 0.15–0.75
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:cu-pb:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:CuPb-00Wan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuPb-01Ond.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuPb-13Vaa.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

CuPb-00Wan.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 325b09773e6921c6…

39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-01Ond.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 05b1425b6f848b48…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-13Vaa.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 98775991a8aa6392…

39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : CU PB : VA : !

CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 f43832e2238dd6fd…

40: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
41: CONST HCP_A3 : CU PB : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1 C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x B. Onderka, L. A. Zabdyr, A new critical assessment of the copper‐lead system, Scand Jof Metallurgy 30, 320-323 (2001).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108 F.H. Hayes, H.L. Lukas, G. Effenberg, G. Petzow, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-54(1986).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3139/146.110876 I. Vaajamo, H. Johto, P. Taskinen, Int. J. Mater. Res., 104, 372-76(2013).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Cu–Pb)

Id: phase:cu-pb:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 599.41–2500 K, x(Pb) 0–1
Literature: 46 values (46 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (8): corpus: corpus:phase:cu-pb:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1:L, paper:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1:L2, paper:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x:L2
tdb: tdb:CuPb-00Wan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuPb-01Ond.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuPb-13Vaa.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

CuPb-00Wan.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 325b09773e6921c6…

24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : CU PB : !

CuPb-01Ond.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 05b1425b6f848b48…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : CU PB : !

CuPb-13Vaa.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 98775991a8aa6392…

24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : CU PB : !

CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 f43832e2238dd6fd…

25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
26: CONST LIQUID:L : CU PB : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1 C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x B. Onderka, L. A. Zabdyr, A new critical assessment of the copper‐lead system, Scand Jof Metallurgy 30, 320-323 (2001).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108 F.H. Hayes, H.L. Lukas, G. Effenberg, G. Petzow, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-54(1986).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3139/146.110876 I. Vaajamo, H. Johto, P. Taskinen, Int. J. Mater. Res., 104, 372-76(2013).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0040-6031(91)80126-4 Teppo O, Niemela J, Taskinen P. Thermochimica Acta 1991: 185: 155.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(86)90011-8 Niemela J. CALPHAD 1986: 10: 77.
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}