Cu–Pb system

46 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 28, model 15, unspecified 3); 4 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (4) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	28
model	15
unspecified	3

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	42
phase transition	4

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000). doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1	`325b09773e6921c6e58e7e1a175e83b23c6a7bd803b4046508b0f7eb2a6fc427`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuPb-01Ond.tdb	B. Onderka, L.A. Zabdyr, Scand. J. Metall., 30, 320-23(2001). doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x	`05b1425b6f848b48037b6283ddc79836f58486bc09657a2ecf0e5afd374bcd5d`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuPb-13Vaa.tdb	I. Vaajamo, H. Johto, P. Taskinen, Int. J. Mater. Res., 104, 372-76(2013). doi:10.3139/146.110876	`98775991a8aa6392e97595d6abf40e92ae8f3fe9f4b7c5cb210302c96c350210`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb	F.H. Hayes, H.L. Lukas, G. Effenberg, G. Petzow, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-54(1986). doi:10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108	`f43832e2238dd6fd86fc29f93010985258fb8ca31f6fc4daa50361d5dce9119a`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	1225.83	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.22607) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.57616)
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	1225.83	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.22606) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.57618)
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	600.61	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 1)
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	599.47	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.9981) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1)
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	599.47	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99815) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1)
CuPb-00Wan.tdb	599.47	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99815) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1)
CuPb-01Ond.tdb	1229.24	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.00322) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.18702) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.64825)
CuPb-01Ond.tdb	599.74	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 6.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99853) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99994)
CuPb-13Vaa.tdb	1229.9	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 2.800e-4) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.22455) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.57407)
CuPb-13Vaa.tdb	1229.9	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 2.800e-4) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.22454) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.5741)
CuPb-13Vaa.tdb	599.62	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99839) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99999)
CuPb-13Vaa.tdb	599.62	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99839) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.99999)
CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb	1229.91	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.0075) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.22238) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.63076)
CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb	599.41	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99805) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99999)
CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb	599.41	FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99805) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99999)
CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb	599.41	FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99805) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.99999)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull CuPb-00Wan · CALPHAD hull CuPb-01Ond · CALPHAD hull CuPb-86Hay-LB

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Pb system (42)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1773.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2		experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 13Bor	Table 4, p. 18, row 1 report
1373	critical point: L <-> L1+L2		experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 58Abd	Table 4, p. 18, row 7 report
1327	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.364	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 82Esd	Table 4, p. 18, row 13 report
1298.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.358	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 13Fri	Table 4, p. 18, row 2 report
1281.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.44	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 72Esd	Table 4, p. 18, row 15 report
1277	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.355	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 62Sch2	Table 4, p. 18, row 10 report
1275	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.355	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 65Sch1	Table 4, p. 18, row 9 report
1274.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.365	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 31Bri	Table 4, p. 18, row 4 report
1273.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.315	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 62Szk	Table 4, p. 18, row 8 report
1268.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.35	unspecified	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 94Cha	Table 4, p. 18, row 16 report
1263.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.34	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 55Sei	Table 4, p. 18, row 5 report
1263.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.345	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 58And	Table 4, p. 18, row 14 report
1263.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.334	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 56Pel	Table 4, p. 18, row 6 report
1256	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.363	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 80Tim	Table 4, p. 18, row 12 report
1254.7	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.372	model	[1] Wang 2000	Table 4, p. 18, row 18 report
1253.7	critical point: L <-> L1+L2	L: Pb 0.372	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 99Kha	Table 4, p. 18, row 17 report
1253	critical point: L <-> L1+L2		experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 67Jac	Table 4, p. 18, row 11 report
1248.2	critical point: L <-> L1+L2		experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 15Bog	Table 4, p. 18, row 3 report
1230.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.25; L2: Pb 0.67	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 33Nis	Table 4, p. 18, row 23 report
1229.4	monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2	L1: Pb 0.187; (Cu): Pb 0.0032; L2: Pb 0.648	model	[2] Onderka 2001	Table 2, p. 2, row 8 report
1228.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.155; L2: Pb 0.65	unspecified	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 94Cha	Table 4, p. 18, row 28 report
1228.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.16; L2: Pb 0.64	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 56Pel	Table 4, p. 18, row 24 report
1228	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.218; L2: Pb 0.63	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 72Esd	Table 4, p. 18, row 27 report
1228	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.147; L2: Pb 0.795	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 13Bor	Table 4, p. 18, row 20 report
1228	monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2	L1: Pb 0.155; (Cu): Pb 0; L2: Pb 0.65	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Chakrabarti 1984	Table 2, p. 2, row 5 report
1227.6	monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2	L1: Pb 0.18; (Cu): Pb 0.004; L2: Pb 0.57	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Teppo 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 7 report
1227.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.147; L2: Pb 0.67	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 58And	Table 4, p. 18, row 26 report
1227.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.17; L2: Pb 0.65	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 1897Hey	Table 4, p. 18, row 19 report
1226.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.21; L2: Pb 0.57	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 13Fri	Table 4, p. 18, row 21 report
1226	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.226; L2: Pb 0.576	model	[1] Wang 2000	Table 4, p. 18, row 30 report
1225.9	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.218; L2: Pb 0.582	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 99Kha	Table 4, p. 18, row 29 report
1225.4	monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2	L1: Pb 0.2167; (Cu): Pb 0; L2: Pb 0.627	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Niemela 1986 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 6 report
1225.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.149; L2: Pb 0.646	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 65Sch2	Table 4, p. 18, row 25 report
1213.2	monotectic: L1 <-> L2+(Cu)	L1: Pb 0.14; L2: Pb 0.67	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 15Bog	Table 4, p. 18, row 22 report
599.8	eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb)	L2: Pb 0.9985; (Cu): Pb 5.700e-5; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Onderka 2001	Table 2, p. 2, row 12 report
599.7	eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb)	L2: Pb 0.9985; (Cu): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Teppo 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 11 report
599.5	eutectic: L2 <-> (Pb)+(Cu)	L2: Pb 0.998	model	[1] Wang 2000	Table 4, p. 18, row 34 report
599.2	eutectic: L2 <-> (Pb)+(Cu)	L2: Pb 0.998	unspecified	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 94Cha	Table 4, p. 18, row 33 report
599.2	eutectic: L2 <-> (Pb)+(Cu)	L2: Pb 0.998	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 13Bor	Table 4, p. 18, row 31 report
599	eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb)	L2: Pb 0.998; (Cu): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Chakrabarti 1984	Table 2, p. 2, row 9 report
598.7	eutectic: L2 <-> (Pb)+(Cu)	L2: Pb 0.996	experimental	[1] Wang 2000 cites ref. 55Pel	Table 4, p. 18, row 32 report
598.7	eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb)	L2: Pb 0.997; (Cu): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Niemela 1986 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 10 report

Other properties

Phase transition (4)

Phase transition, Cu–Pb system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Phase transition	1268 K	1268	critical point: L1=L2 L1: Pb 0.35	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Chakrabarti 1984	Table 2, p. 2, row 1 report
Phase transition	1279 K	1279	critical point: L1=L2 L1: Pb 0.31	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Teppo 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 3 report
Phase transition	1280 K	1280	critical point: L1=L2 L1: Pb 0.4	model	[2] Onderka 2001 cites Niemela 1986 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 2 report
Phase transition	1291.4 K	1291.4	critical point: L1=L2 L1: Pb 0.4	model	[2] Onderka 2001	Table 2, p. 2, row 4 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Cui Ping Wang, Xing Jun Liu, Ikuo Ohnuma, Ryosuke Kainuma, Kiyohito Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ni-Pb system, Calphad 24, 149-167 (2000). doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1
B. Onderka, L. A. Zabdyr, A new critical assessment of the copper‐lead system, Scand Jof Metallurgy 30, 320-323 (2001). doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}