Ga–Se phases

9 phases (tier A 6, tier C 2, liquid 1); 0 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ga–Se system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ga–Se system (9)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 phase:ga-se:a11-orthorhombic	alpha-Ga · A11 · oC8 · Cmce (64)	tier A: standard phase name	no calculated diagram	5	1
HEXAGONAL_A8 phase:ga-se:a8-hexagonal	gamma-Se · A8 · hP3 · P3_121 (152)	tier A: standard phase name	no calculated diagram	6	1
BCC_A2 phase:ga-se:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	no calculated diagram	0	1
FCC_A1 phase:ga-se:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	no calculated diagram	0	1
GA2SE3_B3 phase:ga-se:ga2se3-b3	ZnS (sphalerite) · B3 · cF8 · F-43m (216)	tier A: standard phase name	no calculated diagram	29	1
GA2SE3_BETA phase:ga-se:ga2se3-beta	beta-Ga2Se3 · mC20 · Cc (9)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	no calculated diagram	21	1
GASE phase:ga-se:gase	GaSe · hP8 · P-6m2 (187)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	no calculated diagram	52	1
HCP_A3 phase:ga-se:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	no calculated diagram	0	1
ION phase:ga-se:ion	liquid	liquid	no calculated diagram	0	1

ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:a11-orthorhombic; status assigned
Structure: alpha-Ga · A11 · oC8 · Cmce (64); type st:a11-alpha-ga-oc8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ga 1.0000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:a11-orthorhombic
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004:Ga
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:ORTHORHOMBIC_A11

TDB models of ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: ORTHORHOMBIC_A11, type code %, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

67: PHASE ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 % 1 1 !
68: CONST ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 : GA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1143/jjap.13.417 Hiromichi Suzuki, Ryûichi Mori, Phase Study on Binary System Ga-Se, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13, 417-423 (1974).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HEXAGONAL_A8 (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:a8-hexagonal; status assigned
Structure: gamma-Se · A8 · hP3 · P3_121 (152); type st:a8-gamma-se-hp3; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Se 1.0000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:a8-hexagonal
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004:Se
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:HEXAGONAL_A8

TDB models of HEXAGONAL_A8 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: HEXAGONAL_A8, type code %, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

62: PHASE HEXAGONAL_A8 % 1 1 !
63: CONST HEXAGONAL_A8 : SE : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1143/jjap.13.417 Hiromichi Suzuki, Ryûichi Mori, Phase Study on Binary System Ga-Se, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13, 417-423 (1974).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ga 1.0000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

52: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
53: CONST BCC_A2 : GA : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ga 1.0000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

47: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
48: CONST FCC_A1 : GA : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase

GA2SE3_B3 (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:ga2se3-b3; status assigned
Structure: ZnS (sphalerite) · B3 · cF8 · F-43m (216); type st:b3-zns-sphalerite-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 29 values (29 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:ga2se3-b3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004:α-Ga2Se3
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:GA2SE3_B3

TDB models of GA2SE3_B3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: GA2SE3_B3, type code %, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

84: PHASE GA2SE3_B3 % 2 2 3 !
85: CONST GA2SE3_B3 : GA VA : SE VA : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-4596(81)90397-2 J.C. Mikkelsen, Critical examination of Ga2Se3 phase equilibria, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40, 312-317 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(71)90135-4 J. Dieleman, A.R.C. Engelfriet, The phase diagram of the system Ga1−xSex for 0.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.6 and 300 K ⩽ T ⩽ 1500 K, Journal of the Less Common Metals 25, 231-233 (1971).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1143/jjap.13.417 Hiromichi Suzuki, Ryûichi Mori, Phase Study on Binary System Ga-Se, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13, 417-423 (1974).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19342190106 Wilhelm Klemm, Hans Ulrich v. Vogel, Messungen an Gallium‐ und Indium‐Verbindungen. X. Über die Chalkogenide von Gallium und Indium, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 219, 45-64 (1934).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GA2SE3_BETA (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:ga2se3-beta; status assigned
Structure: beta-Ga2Se3 · mC20 · Cc (9); type st:beta-ga2se3-mc20; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (mp_oqmd_space_groups_differ, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ga 0.4000, Se 0.6000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 21 values (21 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:ga2se3-beta
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004:β-Ga2Se3
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:GA2SE3_BETA

TDB models of GA2SE3_BETA (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: GA2SE3_BETA, type code %, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

79: PHASE GA2SE3_BETA % 2 2 3 !
80: CONST GA2SE3_BETA : GA : SE : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1002/9783527619825 Ihsan Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, (1995).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s10789-005-0275-x A. V. Tyurin, K. S. Gavrichev, L. N. Golushina, V. E. Gorbunov, V. P. Zlomanov, Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Functions of Ga2Se3 from 14 to 320 K, Inorg Mater 41, 1139-1143 (2005).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-4596(81)90397-2 J.C. Mikkelsen, Critical examination of Ga2Se3 phase equilibria, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40, 312-317 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1143/jjap.13.417 Hiromichi Suzuki, Ryûichi Mori, Phase Study on Binary System Ga-Se, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13, 417-423 (1974).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GASE (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:gase; status assigned
Structure: GaSe · hP8 · P-6m2 (187); type st:gase-hp8; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (mp_oqmd_space_groups_differ, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ga 0.5000, Se 0.5000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 52 values (52 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:gase
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004:GaSe
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:GASE

TDB models of GASE (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: GASE, type code %, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

73: PHASE GASE % 2 1 1 !
74: CONST GASE : GA : SE : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1143/jjap.13.417 Hiromichi Suzuki, Ryûichi Mori, Phase Study on Binary System Ga-Se, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13, 417-423 (1974).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(71)90135-4 J. Dieleman, A.R.C. Engelfriet, The phase diagram of the system Ga1−xSex for 0.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.6 and 300 K ⩽ T ⩽ 1500 K, Journal of the Less Common Metals 25, 231-233 (1971).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/9783527619825 Ihsan Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, (1995).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/ange.19560681616 H. Hahn, Ch. de Lorent, Über eine Bildung von V2O3‐ und V2S3‐ Einkristallen, Angewandte Chemie 68, 523-523 (1956).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19342190106 Wilhelm Klemm, Hans Ulrich v. Vogel, Messungen an Gallium‐ und Indium‐Verbindungen. X. Über die Chalkogenide von Gallium und Indium, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 219, 45-64 (1934).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1023/b:inma.0000016082.33860.43 A. Yu. Zavrazhnov, D. N. Turchen, Zh. V. Dobrokhotova, V. V. Volkov, E. V. Makhonina, V. S. Pervov, Nonadditivity of Properties and the Possibility of Formation of Ensembles of Incommensurate Structures in the GaSe–Ga2Se3 System, Inorganic Materials 40, 107-114 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ga 1.0000
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

57: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
58: CONST HCP_A3 : GA : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase

ION (Ga–Se)

Id: phase:ga-se:ion; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: no calculated diagram
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ga-se:ion, corpus:phase:ga-se:liquid
tdb: tdb:GaSe-08Zhe.tdb:ION

TDB models of ION (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GaSe-08Zhe.tdb: ION, type code %, sha256 a1c458a9361989a9…

42: PHASE ION:Y % 2 1 1 !
43: CONST ION:Y : GA+3 : SE SE-2 VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.004 F. Zheng, J.Y. Shen, Y.Q. Liu, W.K. Kim, M.Y. Chu, M. Ider et al., Thermodynamic optimization of the Ga–Se system, Calphad 32, 432-438 (2008).
assessment that models this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}