Ge–P phases

8 phases (tier A 4, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 2); 4 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ge–P system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ge–P system (8)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:ge-p:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(P) 0–0.00248	0	2
BCC_A2 phase:ge-p:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
FCC_A1 phase:ge-p:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
GEP phase:ge-p:gep	SiAs · mC24 · C2/m (12)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1002 K, x(P) 0.5–0.5	31	2
HCP_A3 phase:ge-p:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
LIQUID phase:ge-p:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 841.27–2500 K, x(P) 0–1	1	2
RED_P phase:ge-p:p-red		needs_review	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–852.36 K, x(P) 1–1	0	2
WHITE_P phase:ge-p:p-white		needs_review	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2

DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(P) 0–0.00248
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

41: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
42: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE% P : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

44: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
45: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

31: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
32: CONST BCC_A2 : GE P : VA : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : GE P : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

26: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
27: CONST FCC_A1 : GE P : VA : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : GE P : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

GEP (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:gep; status assigned
Structure: SiAs · mC24 · C2/m (12); type st:sias-mc24; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_mp, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, P 0.5000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1002 K, x(P) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 31 values (31 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:gep
paper: paper:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4:GeP, paper:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1:GeP
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:GEP, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:GEP

TDB models of GEP (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: GEP, type code %, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

56: PHASE GEP % 2 1 1 !
57: CONST GEP : GE : P : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: GEP, type code %, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

59: PHASE GEP % 2 1 1 !
60: CONST GEP : GE : P : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0593 Tommy Wadsten, M. Vikan, C. Krohn, Åke Nilsson, H. Theorell, R. Blinc et al., The Crystal Structures of SiP2, SiAs2, and GeP., Acta Chem. Scand. 21, 593-594 (1967).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 Scott Kirklin, James E Saal, Bryce Meredig, Alex Thompson, Jeff W Doak, Muratahan Aykol et al., The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD): assessing the accuracy of DFT formation energies, npj Comput Mater 1 (2015).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1063/1.4812323 Anubhav Jain, Shyue Ping Ong, Geoffroy Hautier, Wei Chen, William Davidson Richards, Stephen Dacek et al., Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2014.04.021 Kathleen Lee, Sarah Synnestvedt, Maverick Bellard, Kirill Kovnir, GeP and (Ge1−Sn )(P1−Ge ) (x≈0.12, y≈0.05): Synthesis, structure, and properties of two-dimensional layered tetrel phosphides, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 224, 62-70 (2015).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.02.005 Stefano Curtarolo, Wahyu Setyawan, Gus L.W. Hart, Michal Jahnatek, Roman V. Chepulskii, Richard H. Taylor et al., AFLOW: An automatic framework for high-throughput materials discovery, Computational Materials Science 58, 218-226 (2012).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

36: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
37: CONST HCP_A3 : GE P : VA : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : GE P : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 841.27–2500 K, x(P) 0–1
Literature: 1 values (1 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:liquid
paper: paper:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4:liquid
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

21: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
22: CONST LIQUID:L : GE P : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : GE P : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

RED_P (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:p-red; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:RED; no_structure_token
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Red P) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for RED_P: Red P
Stoichiometry: P 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–852.36 K, x(P) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:p-red
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:RED_P, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:RED_P

TDB models of RED_P (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: RED_P, type code %, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

51: PHASE RED_P % 1 1 !
52: CONST RED_P : P : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: RED_P, type code %, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

54: PHASE RED_P % 1 1 !
55: CONST RED_P : P : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

WHITE_P (Ge–P)

Id: phase:ge-p:p-white; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:WHITE; no_structure_token
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (White P) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for WHITE_P: White P
Stoichiometry: P 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-p:p-white
tdb: tdb:GeP-21Don.tdb:WHITE_P, tdb:GeP-22Che.tdb:WHITE_P

TDB models of WHITE_P (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeP-21Don.tdb: WHITE_P, type code %, sha256 e3a892ddc27c2127…

46: PHASE WHITE_P % 1 1 !
47: CONST WHITE_P : P : !

GeP-22Che.tdb: WHITE_P, type code %, sha256 3ebe2eeb4e7cc01d…

49: PHASE WHITE_P % 1 1 !
50: CONST WHITE_P : P : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-021-08861-4 Hongqun Dong, Xiaoma Tao, Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel, Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon, Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4272-4288 (2021).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}