Ge–Sc phases

10 phases (tier A 7, tier C 2, liquid 1); 9 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ge–Sc system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ge–Sc system (10)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:ge-sc:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Sc) 0–0	3	1
BCC_A2 phase:ge-sc:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1599.3–2109 K, x(Sc) 0.97735–1	4	1
FCC_A1 phase:ge-sc:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
GE10SC11 phase:ge-sc:ge10sc11	Ge10Ho11 · tI84 · I4/mmm (139)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1939.04 K, x(Sc) 0.52381–0.52381	5	1
GE2SC_C49 phase:ge-sc:ge2sc-c49	ZrSi2 · C49 · oC12 · Cmcm (63)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1389.82 K, x(Sc) 0.33333–0.33333	6	1
GE3SC5_D88 phase:ge-sc:ge3sc5-d88	Mn5Si3 · D8_8 · hP16 · P6_3/mcm (193)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2339.98 K, x(Sc) 0.625–0.65317	7	1
GE4SC5 phase:ge-sc:ge4sc5	Ge4Sm5 · oP36 · Pnma (62)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2142.83 K, x(Sc) 0.55556–0.55556	4	1
GESC_B33 phase:ge-sc:gesc-b33	CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1464.72 K, x(Sc) 0.5–0.5	6	1
HCP_A3 phase:ge-sc:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1607.4 K, x(Sc) 0.97555–1	14	1
LIQUID phase:ge-sc:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1165.55–2500 K, x(Sc) 0–1	22	1

DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Sc) 0–0
Literature: 3 values (3 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:ge-sc:diamond-a4
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:(Ge)
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

40: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
41: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1599.3–2109 K, x(Sc) 0.97735–1
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:(βSc)
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : GE SC% : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : GE SC : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase

GE10SC11 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:ge10sc11; status assigned
Structure: Ge10Ho11 · tI84 · I4/mmm (139); type st:ge10ho11-ti84; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.4762, Sc 0.5238
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1939.04 K, x(Sc) 0.52381–0.52381
Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:ge10sc11
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:Sc11Ge10
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:GE10SC11

TDB models of GE10SC11 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: GE10SC11, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

55: PHASE GE10SC11 % 2 10 11 !
56: CONST GE10SC11 : GE : SC : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE2SC_C49 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:ge2sc-c49; status assigned
Structure: ZrSi2 · C49 · oC12 · Cmcm (63); type st:c49-zrsi2-oc12; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaapcu and oqmd-13727, space group 63
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.6667, Sc 0.3333
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1389.82 K, x(Sc) 0.33333–0.33333
Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:ge2sc-c49
mp: mp:mp-aaaaapcu
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-13727
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:ScGe2
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:GE2SC_C49

TDB models of GE2SC_C49 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: GE2SC_C49, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

45: PHASE GE2SC_C49 % 2 2 1 !
46: CONST GE2SC_C49 : GE : SC : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE3SC5_D88 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:ge3sc5-d88; status assigned
Structure: Mn5Si3 · D8_8 · hP16 · P6_3/mcm (193); type st:d8-8-mn5si3-hp16; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in GeSc-12Che.tdb also describes the disordered state
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2339.98 K, x(Sc) 0.625–0.65317
Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:ge3sc5-d88
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:Sc5Ge3
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:GE3SC5_D88

TDB models of GE3SC5_D88 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: GE3SC5_D88, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

65: PHASE GE3SC5_D88 % 2 3 5 !
66: CONST GE3SC5_D88 : GE% SC : GE SC% : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE4SC5 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:ge4sc5; status assigned
Structure: Ge4Sm5 · oP36 · Pnma (62); type st:ge4sm5-op36; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (dft_space_group_62_matches_2_structure_types, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.4444, Sc 0.5556
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2142.83 K, x(Sc) 0.55556–0.55556
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:ge4sc5
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:Sc5Ge4
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:GE4SC5

TDB models of GE4SC5 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: GE4SC5, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

60: PHASE GE4SC5 % 2 4 5 !
61: CONST GE4SC5 : GE : SC : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GESC_B33 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:gesc-b33; status assigned
Structure: CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63); type st:b33-crb-oc8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaaotm and oqmd-7937, space group 63
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, Sc 0.5000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1464.72 K, x(Sc) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:gesc-b33
mp: mp:mp-aaaaaotm
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-7937
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:ScGe
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:GESC_B33

TDB models of GESC_B33 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: GESC_B33, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

50: PHASE GESC_B33 % 2 1 1 !
51: CONST GESC_B33 : GE : SC : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1607.4 K, x(Sc) 0.97555–1
Literature: 14 values (14 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:(αSc)
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : GE SC% : VA : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02868307 H. W. King, Crystal structures of the elements at 25°C, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 2, 401-402 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

LIQUID (Ge–Sc)

Id: phase:ge-sc:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1165.55–2500 K, x(Sc) 0–1
Literature: 22 values (22 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sc:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010:Liquid
tdb: tdb:GeSc-12Che.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSc-12Che.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 f12522f2b9e0e90d…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : GE SC : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.010 Kaiming Cheng, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Honghui Xu, Qiannan Gao, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Sc system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation, Calphad 37, 18-24 (2012).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02869862 A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 540–543.
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}