S–Sn phases

13 phases (tier A 9, tier C 1, liquid 1, gas 1, needs_review 1); 8 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · S–Sn system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the S–Sn system (13)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 phase:s-sn:a16-orthorhombic	alpha-S · A16 · oF128 · Fddd (70)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–384.34 K, x(S) 1–1	0	1
DIAMOND_A4 phase:s-sn:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
BCT_A5 phase:s-sn:a5-bct	beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–505 K, x(S) 0–0	2	1
BCC_A2 phase:s-sn:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	2	1
FCC_A1 phase:s-sn:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
GAS phase:s-sn:gas	gas	gas	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 734.38–2500 K, x(S) 0.4558–1	1	1
HCP_A3 phase:s-sn:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
LIQUID phase:s-sn:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 384.34–2500 K, x(S) 0–1	22	1
MONOCLINIC_S phase:s-sn:s-monoclinic		needs_review	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
SN2S3 phase:s-sn:sn2s3	Sn2S3 · oP20 · Pnma (62)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1030.72 K, x(S) 0.6–0.6	10	1
SNS_B16 phase:s-sn:sns-b16	GeS · B16 · oP8 · Pnma (62)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–875.02 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5	2	1
SNS_B33 phase:s-sn:sns-b33	CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 875.02–1202.27 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5	13	1
SNS2_C6 phase:s-sn:sns2-c6	CdI2 · C6 · hP3 · P-3m1 (164)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1083.33 K, x(S) 0.66667–0.66667	8	1

ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:a16-orthorhombic; status assigned
Structure: alpha-S · A16 · oF128 · Fddd (70); type st:a16-alpha-s-of128; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–384.34 K, x(S) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:a16-orthorhombic
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:ORTHORHOMBIC_A16

TDB models of ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: ORTHORHOMBIC_A16, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

66: PHASE ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 % 1 1 !
67: CONST ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 : S% SN : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase

DIAMOND_A4 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

56: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
57: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : S SN% : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase

BCT_A5 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:a5-bct; status assigned
Structure: beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141); type st:a5-beta-sn-ti4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–505 K, x(S) 0–0
Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:a5-bct, corpus:phase:s-sn:bct-a5
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:betaSn
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:BCT_A5

TDB models of BCT_A5 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

61: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
62: CONST BCT_A5 : S SN% : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

BCC_A2 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:βS
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

46: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
47: CONST BCC_A2 : S SN : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

FCC_A1 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

41: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
42: CONST FCC_A1 : S SN : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase

GAS (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:gas; status assigned
Structure: gas; type st:gas; gas; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 734.38–2500 K, x(S) 0.4558–1
Literature: 1 values (0 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:gas
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:gas
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:GAS

TDB models of GAS (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: GAS, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

94: PHASE GAS:G % 1 1 !
95: CONST GAS:G : S S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 SN SN2 SNS SNS2 : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

HCP_A3 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

51: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
52: CONST HCP_A3 : SN : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 384.34–2500 K, x(S) 0–1
Literature: 22 values (22 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:L1, paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:L2, paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:L3
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

36: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
37: CONST LIQUID:L : S SN SNS : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

MONOCLINIC_S (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:s-monoclinic; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:MONOCLINIC; no_structure_token
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): beta-S · mP48 · P2_1/c (14) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for MONOCLINIC_S: beta-S
Candidate (tdb_comment): beta-S · mP48 · P2_1/a — SnS-16Lin.tdb: 'Prototype beta-S (mP48, P2_1/a)'
Stoichiometry: S 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:s-monoclinic, corpus:phase:s-sn:monoclinic-s
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:MONOCLINIC_S

TDB models of MONOCLINIC_S (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: MONOCLINIC_S, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

71: PHASE MONOCLINIC_S % 1 1 !
72: CONST MONOCLINIC_S : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase

SN2S3 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:sn2s3; status assigned
Structure: Sn2S3 · oP20 · Pnma (62); type st:sn2s3-op20; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: S 0.6000, Sn 0.4000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1030.72 K, x(S) 0.6–0.6
Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:sn2s3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:Sn2S3
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:SN2S3

TDB models of SN2S3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: SN2S3, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

86: PHASE SN2S3 % 2 2 3 !
87: CONST SN2S3 : SN : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

Id: phase:s-sn:sns-b16; status assigned
Structure: GeS · B16 · oP8 · Pnma (62); type st:b16-ges-op8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: S 0.5000, Sn 0.5000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–875.02 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:sns-b16
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:alpha-SnS
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:SNS_B16

TDB models of SNS_B16 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: SNS_B16, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

76: PHASE SNS_B16 % 2 1 1 !
77: CONST SNS_B16 : SN : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

Id: phase:s-sn:sns-b33; status assigned
Structure: CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63); type st:b33-crb-oc8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: S 0.5000, Sn 0.5000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 875.02–1202.27 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 13 values (13 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:sns-b33
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:beta-SnS
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:SNS_B33

TDB models of SNS_B33 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: SNS_B33, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

81: PHASE SNS_B33 % 2 1 1 !
82: CONST SNS_B33 : SN : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

SNS2_C6 (S–Sn)

Id: phase:s-sn:sns2-c6; status assigned
Structure: CdI2 · C6 · hP3 · P-3m1 (164); type st:c6-cdi2-hp3; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaabta and oqmd-2036846, space group 164
Stoichiometry: S 0.6667, Sn 0.3333
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1083.33 K, x(S) 0.66667–0.66667
Literature: 8 values (8 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:s-sn:sns2-c6
mp: mp:mp-aaaaabta
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-2036846
paper: paper:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013:SnS2
tdb: tdb:SnS-16Lin.tdb:SNS2_C6

TDB models of SNS2_C6 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SnS-16Lin.tdb: SNS2_C6, type code %, sha256 a98aa54f782a94e2…

91: PHASE SNS2_C6 % 2 1 2 !
92: CONST SNS2_C6 : SN : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.013 Greta Lindwall, ShunLi Shang, Neal R. Kelly, Tim Anderson, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamics of the S–Sn system: Implication for synthesis of earth abundant photovoltaic absorber materials, Solar Energy 125, 314-323 (2016).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

S–Sn phases

ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 (S–Sn)

TDB models of ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

DIAMOND_A4 (S–Sn)

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BCT_A5 (S–Sn)

TDB models of BCT_A5 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BCC_A2 (S–Sn)

TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

FCC_A1 (S–Sn)

TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GAS (S–Sn)

TDB models of GAS (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

HCP_A3 (S–Sn)

TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LIQUID (S–Sn)

TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MONOCLINIC_S (S–Sn)

TDB models of MONOCLINIC_S (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SN2S3 (S–Sn)

TDB models of SN2S3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SNS_B16 (S–Sn)

TDB models of SNS_B16 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SNS_B33 (S–Sn)

TDB models of SNS_B33 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

SNS2_C6 (S–Sn)

TDB models of SNS2_C6 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written