Bi–Mg system

51 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 23, model 25, DFT 3); 3 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (8) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	23
model	25
DFT	3

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	32
phase transition	3
formation	12
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy	4

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
BiMg-12Niu.tdb	C. Niu, C. Li, Z. Du, C. Guo, Y. Jing, Acta Metall. Sin. Engl. Lett., 25, 19-28(2012). doi:10.11890/1006-7191-121-19	`d223b00da80d68527f612fe425996b577e238ec548c636ecfe21cf7d11f3a630`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiMg-14Zha.tdb	F. Zhang, Y. Tang, B. Hu, S. Liu, Y. Du, Y. Zhang, J. Mining Metall. B, 50, 115-26(2014). doi:10.2298/JMMB130824017Z	`12f2cd6991a98668a723986663bb9377a65a189df5f74aca57412bdeb8b95440`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb	C.-S. Oh, S.-Y. Kang, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 16, 181-91(1992). doi:10.1016/0364-5916(92)90006-J	`cd58680284ba39f06b4f55b6d91c10acd23a3c7b1b3139305a70e8c7639e1608`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
BiMg-12Niu.tdb	976.15	LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.54099) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60002) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.60017)
BiMg-12Niu.tdb	961.07	BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60546) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.61164) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.67966)
BiMg-12Niu.tdb	824.95	BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6506) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.87611) + HCP_A3 (x(Mg) 0.98909)
BiMg-12Niu.tdb	536.39	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Mg) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.03319) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6)
BiMg-14Zha.tdb	971.37	LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.5516) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60004) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.60013)
BiMg-14Zha.tdb	961.64	BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60932) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.61185) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.67951)
BiMg-14Zha.tdb	823.29	BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.65465) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.8717) + HCP_A3 (x(Mg) 0.98935)
BiMg-14Zha.tdb	532.87	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Mg) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.04196) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6)
BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb	976.72	ION (x(Mg) 0.52783) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60002) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.60004)
BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb	960.97	BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60963) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.61257) + ION (x(Mg) 0.68513)
BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb	827.07	BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.65014) + ION (x(Mg) 0.87208) + HCP_A3 (x(Mg) 0.98916)
BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb	542.29	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Mg) 0) + ION (x(Mg) 0.01595) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull BiMg-12Niu · CALPHAD hull BiMg-92Oh-LB

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Mg system (32)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1098	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Paliwal 2009	Table 2, p. 7, row 31 report
1096	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1934	Table 2, p. 7, row 28 report
1094	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Wobst 1962	Table 2, p. 7, row 29 report
1094	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985	Table 2, p. 7, row 30 report
1094	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 2, p. 7, row 32 report
988	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1906	Table 2, p. 7, row 27 report
976	polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Wobst 1962	Table 2, p. 7, row 15 report
976	polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985	Table 2, p. 7, row 16 report
976	polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 2, p. 7, row 18 report
974	polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Paliwal 2009	Table 2, p. 7, row 17 report
973	congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Stepanow 1905	Table 2, p. 7, row 26 report
973	polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1934	Table 2, p. 7, row 14 report
961	peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.387; L: Bi 0.315; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.393	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Wobst 1962	Table 2, p. 7, row 10 report
961	peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.387; L: Bi 0.315; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.393	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985	Table 2, p. 7, row 11 report
961	peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.388; L: Bi 0.316; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.391	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Oh 1992	Table 2, p. 7, row 12 report
961	peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.388; L: Bi 0.32; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.395	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 2, p. 7, row 13 report
959	peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3	β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.387; L: Bi 0.315; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.393	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1934	Table 2, p. 7, row 9 report
827	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.133; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4, Mg 0.6	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Paliwal 2009	Table 2, p. 7, row 7 report
826	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.128; hcp_A3: Bi 0.011; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.35	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Oh 1992	Table 2, p. 7, row 6 report
826	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.143; hcp_A3: Bi 0.0112; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.35	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985	Table 2, p. 7, row 5 report
826	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4, Mg 0.6	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Wobst 1962	Table 2, p. 7, row 4 report
825	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.1776; hcp_A3: Bi 0; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1906	Table 2, p. 7, row 2 report
825	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.143; hcp_A3: Bi 0.015; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.35	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1934	Table 2, p. 7, row 3 report
825	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.124; hcp_A3: Bi 0.011; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.349	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 2, p. 7, row 8 report
823	eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3	L: Bi 0.13; hcp_A3: Bi 0; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Stepanow 1905	Table 2, p. 7, row 1 report
541	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 1; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1906	Table 2, p. 7, row 20 report
536	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 0.967; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 2, p. 7, row 25 report
534	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 0.954; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Paliwal 2009	Table 2, p. 7, row 24 report
534	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 0.97; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Stepanow 1905	Table 2, p. 7, row 19 report
533	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 0.958; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Oh 1992	Table 2, p. 7, row 23 report
533	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 0.957; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985	Table 2, p. 7, row 22 report
533	eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom	L: Bi 0.957; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Grube 1934	Table 2, p. 7, row 21 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Bi–Mg system (12)
Phase	Value	T (K)	Class	Source	Location
Bi2Mg3	-71.276 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	DFT	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Zhou 2010	Table 3, p. 9, row 10 report
Bi2Mg3	-37.181 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Moser 1974	Table 3, p. 9, row 4 report
Bi2Mg3	-34.08 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Paliwal 2009	Table 3, p. 9, row 11 report
Bi2Mg3	-33.884 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 3, p. 9, row 12 report
Bi2Mg3	-33.255 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Oh 1992	Table 3, p. 9, row 7 report
Bi2Mg3	-31.454 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	DFT	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Zhou 2008	Table 3, p. 9, row 9 report
Bi2Mg3	-31.403 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Kubaschewski 1939	Table 3, p. 9, row 2 report
Bi2Mg3	-31.403 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Kubaschewski 1956	Table 3, p. 9, row 3 report
Bi2Mg3	-30.146 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Seith 1937	Table 3, p. 9, row 1 report
Bi2Mg3	-25.377 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Kubaschewski 1979	Table 3, p. 9, row 5 report
Bi2Mg3	-25.355 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Alcock 1983	Table 3, p. 9, row 6 report
Bi2Mg3	-24.369 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	DFT	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Curtarolo 2005	Table 3, p. 9, row 8 report

Other properties

Phase transition (3)

Phase transition, Bi–Mg system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	1094 K	1094	liquid	experimental	[2] Chang-Seok 1992	p. 3 report	Calculated melting temperature of the highreported values are 1094 K by Wobst(ll), temperature MgsBig is 1096 K. whereas temperature of Calculated allotropic transformation and 1096 K by Grube(l7).
Phase transition	1096 K	1096	liquid	experimental	[2] Chang-Seok 1992	p. 3 report	Calculated melting temperature of the highreported values are 1094 K by Wobst(ll), temperature MgsBig is 1096 K. whereas temperature of Calculated allotropic transformation and 1096 K by Grube(l7).
Phase transition	1096 K	1096	liquid	model	[2] Chang-Seok 1992	p. 3 report	Calculated melting temperature of the highreported values are 1094 K by Wobst(ll), temperature MgsBig is 1096 K. whereas temperature of Calculated allotropic transformation and 1096 K by Grube(l7).

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (4)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Bi–Mg system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy printed: °S298	39.7 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Bi2Mg3 alloy: Mg 0.6	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Paliwal 2009	Table 3, p. 9, row 15 report
Entropy printed: °S298	39.2 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Bi2Mg3 alloy: Mg 0.6	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Oh 1992	Table 3, p. 9, row 14 report
Entropy printed: °S298	39.5 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Bi2Mg3 alloy: Mg 0.6	model	[1] Acta Metall 2012	Table 3, p. 9, row 16 report
Entropy printed: °S298	38.4 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Bi2Mg3 alloy: Mg 0.6	experimental	[1] Acta Metall 2012 cites Kubaschewski 1979	Table 3, p. 9, row 13 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Acta Metall. Sin. Engl. Lett., 25, 19-28(2012). doi:10.11890/1006-7191-121-19
Oh Chang-Seok, Kang Soo-Young, Nyung Lee Dong, Assessment of the mg-bi system, Calphad 16, 181-191 (1992). doi:10.1016/0364-5916(92)90006-j

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}