Bi–Pb–Sn system

32 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 22, model 8, unspecified 2); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

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Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	22
model	8
unspecified	2

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	32

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Pb–Sn system (32)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
461	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
460	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		unspecified	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Gocken 1992 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 5 report
459.6	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		model	[1] Gierlotka 2017	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
458.1	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 6 report
458	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Nosek 1967	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
457.6	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Hofe 1940	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
457	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Predel 1967	Table 1, p. 2, row 4 report
456.1	L = FCC_A1 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 17 report
455.9	L = FCC_A1 + BCT_A5		model	[1] Gierlotka 2017	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report
411.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε + β-Sn	L: Bi 0.28, Pb 0.32, Sn 0.4	experimental	[2] Yoon 1998 cites Gershman 1957	Table 3, p. 6, row 2 report
411	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Gershman 1958	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
410.85	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε + β-Sn	L: Bi 0.27, Pb 0.399, Sn 0.332	model	[2] Yoon 1998	Table 3, p. 6, row 3 report
410.7	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 21 report
410.15	peritectic: L + fcc -> ε + β-Sn	L: Bi 0.27, Pb 0.341, Sn 0.389	experimental	[2] Yoon 1998 cites Ho 1953	Table 3, p. 6, row 1 report
410	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Ho 1953	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
408	L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		model	[1] Gierlotka 2017	Table 1, p. 2, row 22 report
398.6	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 12 report
398.5	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Hofe 1940	Table 1, p. 2, row 10 report
398.5	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
398	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Nosek 1967	Table 1, p. 2, row 11 report
398	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3		unspecified	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Strickler 1936 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
398	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3		model	[1] Gierlotka 2017	Table 1, p. 2, row 13 report
373.15	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε + β-Sn	L: Bi 0.414, Pb 0.286, Sn 0.3	experimental	[2] Yoon 1998 cites Gershman 1957	Table 3, p. 6, row 5 report
373	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Gershman 1958	Table 1, p. 2, row 24 report
372.9	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 25 report
372.75	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε + β-Sn	L: Bi 0.465, Pb 0.287, Sn 0.248	model	[2] Yoon 1998	Table 3, p. 6, row 6 report
372.65	eutectic: L -> Bi + ε + β-Sn	L: Bi 0.462, Pb 0.287, Sn 0.251	experimental	[2] Yoon 1998 cites Ho 1953	Table 3, p. 6, row 4 report
372.5	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Ho 1953	Table 1, p. 2, row 23 report
372	L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5		model	[1] Gierlotka 2017	Table 1, p. 2, row 26 report
227	HCP_A3 = Rhombohedral_A7 + FCC_A1		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Predel 1967	Table 1, p. 2, row 14 report
227	HCP_A3 = Rhombohedral_A7 + FCC_A1		model	[1] Gierlotka 2017	Table 1, p. 2, row 16 report
226.5	HCP_A3 = Rhombohedral_A7 + FCC_A1		experimental	[1] Gierlotka 2017 cites Takase 1937	Table 1, p. 2, row 15 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017). doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5
Seung Wook Yoon, Hyuck Mo Lee, A thermodynamic study of phase equilibria in the Sn-Bi-Pb solder system, Calphad 22, 167-178 (1998). doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(98)00022-4

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}