C–Cr system

118 accepted literature values from 5 paper(s) (experimental 78, model 40); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 10 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · phases (9) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	78
model	40

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	32
phase transition	8
formation	17
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy	36
activity / EMF / Gibbs energy	25

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull CrC-04Ten · CALPHAD hull CrC-87And-LB · CALPHAD hull CrC-90Kaj · CALPHAD hull CrC-92Lee

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the C–Cr system (32)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
2102	eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+C	Cr3C2: C 0.4; C: C 1	experimental	[1] Khvan 2012 cites Rudy 1969	Table 2, p. 4, row 10 report
2097	eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+C	Cr3C2: C 0.4; C: C 1	model	[1] Khvan 2012	Table 2, p. 4, row 9 report
2083	Liq + Graphite -> Cr3C2	Graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 15 report
2083	Liq + Graphite -> Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.63; Graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 14 report
2083	L + graphite -> Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.63; graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Rudy 1969	Table III, p. 7, row 14 report
2083	L + graphite -> Cr3C2	graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Knotek 1981	Table III, p. 7, row 15 report
2078	L + graphite -> Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.621; graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table III, p. 7, row 13 report
2076	Liq + Graphite -> Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.622; Graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	model	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 13 report
2045	eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+Cr7C3	Cr3C2: C 0.4; Cr7C3: C 0.3	model	[1] Khvan 2012	Table 2, p. 4, row 5 report
2022	eutectic: L -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.669; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table III, p. 7, row 10 report
2017	eutectic: LIQ -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.671; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	model	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 10 report
2015	eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+Cr7C3	Cr3C2: C 0.4; Cr7C3: C 0.3	experimental	[1] Khvan 2012 cites Rudy 1969	Table 2, p. 4, row 6 report
1999	eutectic: L -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.674; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Rudy 1969	Table III, p. 7, row 11 report
1998	eutectic: LIQ -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2	L: Cr 0.674; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 11 report
1998	eutectic: LIQ -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2	Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 12 report
1998	eutectic: L -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2	Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Knotek 1981	Table III, p. 7, row 12 report
1890	L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	Cr7C3: C 0.3; Cr23C6: C 0.206897	model	[1] Khvan 2012	Table 2, p. 4, row 3 report
1885	L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	Cr7C3: C 0.3; Cr23C6: C 0.206897	experimental	[1] Khvan 2012 cites Eremenko 1987	Table 2, p. 4, row 4 report
1852	eutectic: L -> Cr23C6+Cr	Cr23C6: C 0.206897	experimental	[1] Khvan 2012 cites Eremenko 1987	Table 2, p. 4, row 2 report
1850	LIQ + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.821; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	model	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 4 report
1849	eutectic: L -> Cr23C6+Cr	Cr23C6: C 0.206897	model	[1] Khvan 2012	Table 2, p. 4, row 1 report
1848	L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Knotek 1981	Table III, p. 7, row 6 report
1848	L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.822; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table III, p. 7, row 4 report
1848	L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.83; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Rudy 1969	Table III, p. 7, row 5 report
1848	LIQ + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.83; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 5 report
1848	LIQ + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6	Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 6 report
1808	eutectic: LIQ -> Bcc + Cr23C6	Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 3 report
1808	eutectic: L -> Cr + Cr23C6	Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Knotek 1981	Table III, p. 7, row 3 report
1806	eutectic: LIQ -> Bcc + Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.863; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	model	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 1 report
1803	eutectic: L -> Cr + Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.86; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Rudy 1969	Table III, p. 7, row 2 report
1803	eutectic: LIQ -> Bcc + Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.86; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 2 report
1798	eutectic: L -> Cr + Cr23C6	L: Cr 0.861; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table III, p. 7, row 1 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, C–Cr system (17)
Phase	Value	T (K)	Class	Source	Location
Cr3C2	-114.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Gleiser 1965 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 2 report
Cr3C2	-102.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Coltters 1984 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 6 report
Cr3C2	-95.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Kelley 2004	Table II, p. 4, row 1 report
Cr3C2	-87.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[4] Teng 2004 cites Wicks 1963	Table II, p. 4, row 15 report
Cr3C2	-85.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[4] Teng 2004 cites Barin 1993	Table II, p. 4, row 17 report
Cr3C2	-77.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Mah 1969	Table II, p. 4, row 13 report
Cr3C2	-76.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Kulkarni 1972 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 3 report
Cr3C2	-72.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Kleykamp 2001 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 9 report
Cr3C2	-71.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table II, p. 4, row 12 report
Cr3C2	-71.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[4] Teng 2004 cites Andersson 1987 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 16 report
Cr3C2	-68.97 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[4] Teng 2004 cites Storms 1967	Table II, p. 4, row 14 report
Cr3C2	-66.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Du 1989	Table II, p. 4, row 11 report
Cr3C2	-65.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Tanaka 1971	Table II, p. 4, row 10 report
Cr3C2	-64.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Mabuchi 1971 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 7 report
Cr3C2	-63.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Anthonysamy 1996	Table II, p. 4, row 4 report
Cr3C2	-56.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Vintaikin 1963	Table II, p. 4, row 5 report
Cr3C2	-56.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental	[4] Teng 2004 cites Kleykamp 1969 doi	Table II, p. 4, row 8 report

Other properties

Phase transition (8)

Phase transition, C–Cr system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Phase transition	2029 K	2029	LIQ -> Cr7C3 (max) L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7	model	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 7 report
Phase transition	2036 K	2036	congruent melting: L -> Cr7C3 (max.) L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table III, p. 7, row 7 report
Phase transition	2038 K	2038	LIQ -> Cr7C3 (max) L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 8 report
Phase transition	2038 K	2038	LIQ -> Cr7C3 (max) L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7	experimental	[2] Andersson 1987	Table II, p. 5, row 9 report
Phase transition	2038 K	2038	congruent melting: L -> Cr7C3 (max.) L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Rudy 1969	Table III, p. 7, row 8 report
Phase transition	2038 K	2038	congruent melting: L -> Cr7C3 (max.) L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Knotek 1981	Table III, p. 7, row 9 report
Phase transition	2054 K	2054	L -> Cr7C3 L: C 0.3; Cr7C3: C 0.3	experimental	[1] Khvan 2012 cites Eremenko 1987	Table 2, p. 4, row 8 report
Phase transition	2058 K	2058	L -> Cr7C3 L: C 0.3; Cr7C3: C 0.3	model	[1] Khvan 2012	Table 2, p. 4, row 7 report

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (36)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, C–Cr system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	635.4 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 13 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	612.12 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	model	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 14 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	635.4 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 17 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	628.9 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 18 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	85.434 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	experimental	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 1 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	87.86 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	model	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 2 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	91.2 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 2 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	85.434 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites JANAF 1975	Table II, p. 5, row 1 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	200.983 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	experimental	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 7 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	200.983 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites JANAF 1975	Table II, p. 5, row 9 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	210 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 10 report
Entropy printed: °S(298.15)	205.08 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	model	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 8 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	695.1 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 20 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	649.8 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 19 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	649.8 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 13 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	696.35 unknown	298.15	Cr23C6 alloy: Cr 0.793103	model	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 14 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	99.299 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	experimental	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 1 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	107.63 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	model	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 2 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	119.3 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 4 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	99.299 unknown	298.15	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites JANAF 1975	Table II, p. 5, row 3 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	209.748 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	experimental	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 7 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	209.748 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites JANAF 1975	Table II, p. 5, row 11 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	263.3 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 12 report
Heat capacity printed: °Cp(298.15)	224.66 unknown	298.15	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	model	[5] Lee 1992	Table 2, p. 11, row 8 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	635382 unknown	1070	Cr23C6 + Cr alloy: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 21 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	661900 unknown	1070	Cr23C6 + Cr alloy: Cr 0.793103	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 22 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	220500 unknown	1080	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 14 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	208698 unknown	1080	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 13 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	107700 unknown	1085	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 6 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	104098 unknown	1085	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 5 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	161670 unknown	1459	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 7 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	168500 unknown	1459	Cr3C2 alloy: Cr 0.6	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 8 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	1121000 unknown	1484	Cr23C6 + Cr alloy: Cr 0.793103	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 24 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	1039810 unknown	1484	Cr23C6 + Cr alloy: Cr 0.793103	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 23 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	376300 unknown	1578	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	Table II, p. 5, row 16 report
Heat content printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)	376978 unknown	1578	Cr7C3 alloy: Cr 0.7	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990 cites Kelley 1949	Table II, p. 5, row 15 report

Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (25)

Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, C–Cr system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Activity printed: ac	0.43 unspecified	1273		model	[3] Kajihara 1990	p. 8 report	There is no data point for the fcc + M3C2 two-phase equilibrium, but it is expected from the calculation that the M3C2 carbide should appear in the alloy with a ratio of chromium and nickel contents of 12.3/87.7 in mass percent at a carbon activity higher than ac = 0.43 at 1273 K.
Activity printed: ac	0.37 unspecified	1273	fcc + M7C3 + M3C2	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	p. 9 report	According to the present calculations, its carbon activity is ac = 0.37 at 1273 K and ac = 0.49 at 1473 K.
Activity printed: ac	0.47 unspecified	1373	fcc + M3C2 + M7C3	experimental	[3] Kajihara 1990	p. 10 report	The capsule was kept at 1373 K for 1300 hours. The fcc + carbide(s) two-phase and three-phase microstructures were observed in the equilibrated quaternary alloys at a carbon activity of ac = 0.47.
Activity printed: ac	0.49 unspecified	1473	fcc + M7C3 + M3C2	model	[3] Kajihara 1990	p. 9 report	According to the present calculations, its carbon activity is ac = 0.37 at 1273 K and ac = 0.49 at 1473 K.
EMF	138.24 mV	944	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 21 report
EMF	140.12 mV	956	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 1 report
EMF	138.55 mV	964	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 20 report
EMF	141.71 mV	969	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 2 report
EMF	135.53 mV	970	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 19 report
EMF	138.57 mV	987	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 3 report
EMF	138.83 mV	996	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 4 report
EMF	136.52 mV	1004	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 18 report
EMF	144.47 mV	1031	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 17 report
EMF	139.43 mV	1045	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 5 report
EMF	146.85 mV	1057	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 16 report
EMF	143.05 mV	1071	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 6 report
EMF	146.61 mV	1089	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 15 report
EMF	144.34 mV	1094	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 12 report
EMF	138.9 mV	1102	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 11 report
EMF	142.45 mV	1109	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 7 report
EMF	147.43 mV	1117	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 14 report
EMF	147.46 mV	1122	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 8 report
EMF	147.81 mV	1126	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 13 report
EMF	146.4 mV	1134	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 10 report
EMF	147.46 mV	1149	UNKNOWN	experimental	[4] Teng 2004	Table I, p. 4, row 9 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

A.V. Khvan, B. Hallstedt, K. Chang, Thermodynamic assessment of Cr–Nb–C and Mn–Nb–C systems, Calphad 39, 54-61 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.09.002
Jan-Olof Andersson, Thermodynamic properties of Cr-C, Calphad 11, 271-276 (1987). doi:10.1016/0364-5916(87)90045-9
M. Kajihara, M. Hillert, Thermodynamic evaluation of the Cr-Ni-C system, Metall Trans A 21, 2777-2787 (1990). doi:10.1007/bf02646072
L. D. Teng, K. G. Lu, R. E. Aune, S. Seetharaman, Thermodynamic investigations of Cr3C2 and reassessment of the Cr-C system, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 3673-3680 (2004). doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0273-7
Byeong-Joo Lee, On the stability of Cr carbides, Calphad 16, 121-149 (1992). doi:10.1016/0364-5916(92)90002-f

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}