C–Y system

66 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 42, model 13, DFT 6, unspecified 5); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · phases (13) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	42
model	13
DFT	6
unspecified	5

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
formation	30
crystal structure	36

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull YC-95Gro-LB

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, C–Y system (30)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location
Y15C19 (H)	Y15C19	-43.77 kJ/mol-atom		model	-29.637 (mp-aaacqitm)		[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 20 report
Y15C19 (R)	Y15C19	-45.64 kJ/mol-atom		model	-29.637 (mp-aaacqitm)		[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 21 report
Y2C	Y2C	-37 kJ/mol-atom		model	-28.155 (mp-aaaaabzi)	-28.729 (oqmd-4155)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Niessen 1981 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 32 report
Y2C		-31.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.3	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Meschel 1994 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 11 report
Y2C	Y2C	-31.5 kJ/mol-atom		model	-28.155 (mp-aaaaabzi)	-28.729 (oqmd-4155)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Grobner 1995 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 30 report
Y2C		-31.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated)		model			[2] Gröbner 1995	Table 3, p. 3, row 12 report
Y2C	Y2C	31.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.3	298.15	experimental	-28.155 (mp-aaaaabzi)	-28.729 (oqmd-4155)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Meschel 1998 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 31 report
Y2C3 (H)	Y2C3	-34 kJ/mol-atom		model	-24.654 (mp-aaaaacnf)	-25.199 (oqmd-13982)	[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 17 report
Y2C3 (R)	Y2C3	-34.8 kJ/mol-atom		model	-24.654 (mp-aaaaacnf)	-25.199 (oqmd-13982)	[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 19 report
Y2C3 (R)		-34.61 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 18 report
YC	YC	-57 kJ/mol-atom		model	4.285 (mp-aaacevqz)	-23.935 (oqmd-1957505)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Niessen 1981 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 29 report
YC2	YC2	-64 kJ/mol-atom		model	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Niessen 1981 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 28 report
YC2		-38.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Storms 1971	Table 3, p. 3, row 9 report
YC2	YC2	-38.8 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	experimental	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Storms 1971	Table 2, p. 3, row 25 report
YC2	YC2	-37.7 kJ/mol-atom ± 8.4	298.15	experimental	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019 cites De 1965 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 23 report
YC2		-37.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 8.4	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites De 1965 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 7 report
YC2		-36.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated)		model			[2] Gröbner 1995	Table 3, p. 3, row 12 report
YC2	YC2	-36.5 kJ/mol-atom		model	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Grobner 1995 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 27 report
YC2		-35 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 3.5	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Anderson 1972	Table 3, p. 3, row 10 report
YC2	YC2	-35 kJ/mol-atom ± 3.5	298.15	experimental	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Anderson 1972	Table 2, p. 3, row 26 report
YC2	YC2	-34.17 kJ/mol-atom		model	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 16 report
YC2		-30.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 5.7	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Kohl 1970 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 8 report
YC2	YC2	-30.3 kJ/mol-atom ± 5.7	298.15	experimental	-18.127 (mp-aaaaaamb)	-24.068 (oqmd-2037974)	[1] Xu 2019 cites Kohl 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 24 report
YC2		-29.16 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[1] Xu 2019	Table 3, p. 3, row 15 report
γ		-38.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Storms 1971	Table 3, p. 3, row 9 report
γ		-37.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 8.4	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites De 1965 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 7 report
γ		-36.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated)		model			[2] Gröbner 1995	Table 3, p. 3, row 12 report
γ		-35 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 3.5	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Anderson 1972	Table 3, p. 3, row 10 report
γ		-31.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.3	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Meschel 1994 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 11 report
γ		-30.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 5.7	298.15	experimental			[2] Gröbner 1995 cites Kohl 1970 doi	Table 3, p. 3, row 8 report

Other properties

Crystal structure (36)

Crystal structure, C–Y system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	8.262 Å		Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	DFT	[1] Xu 2019	Table 1, p. 2, row 43 report
Lattice a	3.685 Å		YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Xu 2019	Table 1, p. 2, row 49 report
Lattice a	7.94 Å	298.15	Y15C19 (R) alloy: Y 0.441176	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Button 1984 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 38 report
Lattice a	8.237 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Mochiku 2005 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 41 report
Lattice a	8.238 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Krupka 1969 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 40 report
Lattice a	8.254 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	DFT	[1] Xu 2019 cites Nishikayama 2007 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 42 report
Lattice a	8.234 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Novokshonov 1980	Table 1, p. 2, row 39 report
Lattice a	3.655 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Adachi 1973 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 46 report
Lattice a	3.669 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Sakai 1981 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 45 report
Lattice a	3.661 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Giorgi 1968 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 47 report
Lattice a	3.662 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Krikorian 1971 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 48 report
Lattice a	3.66 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Carlson 1968	Table 1, p. 2, row 44 report
Lattice b	8.262 Å		Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	unspecified	[1] Xu 2019	Table 1, p. 2, row 43 report
Lattice b	3.685 Å		YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Xu 2019	Table 1, p. 2, row 49 report
Lattice b	7.94 Å	298.15	Y15C19 (R) alloy: Y 0.441176	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Button 1984 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 38 report
Lattice b	8.237 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Mochiku 2005 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 41 report
Lattice b	8.238 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Krupka 1969 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 40 report
Lattice b	8.254 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	DFT	[1] Xu 2019 cites Nishikayama 2007 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 42 report
Lattice b	8.234 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Novokshonov 1980	Table 1, p. 2, row 39 report
Lattice b	3.655 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Adachi 1973 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 46 report
Lattice b	3.669 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Sakai 1981 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 45 report
Lattice b	3.661 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Giorgi 1968 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 47 report
Lattice b	3.662 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Krikorian 1971 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 48 report
Lattice b	3.66 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Carlson 1968	Table 1, p. 2, row 44 report
Lattice c	8.262 Å		Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	unspecified	[1] Xu 2019	Table 1, p. 2, row 43 report
Lattice c	6.205 Å		YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Xu 2019	Table 1, p. 2, row 49 report
Lattice c	15.88 Å	298.15	Y15C19 (R) alloy: Y 0.441176	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Button 1984 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 38 report
Lattice c	8.237 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Mochiku 2005 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 41 report
Lattice c	8.238 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Krupka 1969 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 40 report
Lattice c	8.254 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	DFT	[1] Xu 2019 cites Nishikayama 2007 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 42 report
Lattice c	8.234 Å	298.15	Y2C3 (R) alloy: Y 0.4	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Novokshonov 1980	Table 1, p. 2, row 39 report
Lattice c	6.16 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Adachi 1973 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 46 report
Lattice c	6.177 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Sakai 1981 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 45 report
Lattice c	6.173 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Giorgi 1968 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 47 report
Lattice c	6.162 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Krikorian 1971 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 48 report
Lattice c	6.17 Å	298.15	YC2 alloy: Y 0.333333	experimental	[1] Xu 2019 cites Carlson 1968	Table 1, p. 2, row 44 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Kai Xu, Houke Zou, Keke Chang, Zixuan Deng, Xiaobing Zhou, Yeyan Huang et al., Thermodynamic description of the sintering aid system in silicon carbide ceramics with the addition of yttrium, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 39, 4510-4519 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.07.012
J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995). doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}