Cu–Ti system

107 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 66, model 41); 6 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (11) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	66
model	41

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	69
formation	35
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy	3

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
CuTi-02Can.tdb	P. Canale, C. Servant, Z. Metallkd., 93, 273-76(2002). doi:10.3139/ijmr-2002-0050	`7a0d7d4eccef16ec9dd35c65cfb26fe9bd8ca757b1eadfa98382321fae906fdd`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	M.A. Turchanin, P.G. Agraval, A.R. Abdulov, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 47, 344-60(2008). doi:10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2	`1a8c1bd85f7576fde331122ccc6ec8ae995ee911fc9b3a21e8b27af0a96205d7`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	J. Wang, C. Liu, C. Leinenbach, U.E. Klotz, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Loeffler, Calphad, 35, 82-94(2011). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006	`45e2d0adcc79305cac4cdc7e79548b235219254a554e2780a50fbbc31f0d02d5`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	H. Yang, B. Zeng, H. Wang, H. Jin, C. Zhou, Calphad, 82, 102594(2023). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102594	`02e937d6842105d3b8dec25c3e8b3d0fed3e8a5e70134fd8e1d888bb71365e2d`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	N. Saunders, Calphad, 9, 297-309(1985). doi:10.1016/0364-5916(85)90001-X	`6adc4ae0f5e602668976f1e3877872569fa0c79a29bea6dbcc68f7ba43fbec9d`	viewer · TDB · JSON
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	K.C. Hari Kumar, I. Ansara, P. Wollants, L. Delaey, Z. Metallkd., 87, 666-72(1996). doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870811	`d723e9e282278e3e85fb10dd53aebc71236d6fbb814b0a9960f6eec11ad73dd2`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1262.18	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64817) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84061)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1262.18	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64824) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84065)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1241.44	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51656) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.5643) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1241.44	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51658) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56444) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1205.62	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.35974) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48477)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1176.15	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + CUTI3_L60 (x(Ti) 0.7733) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.90639)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1176.15	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + CUTI3_L60 (x(Ti) 0.77329) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.90621)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1168.91	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07865) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19154) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20759)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1160.32	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27191) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1157.84	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21393) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.26491) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1147.56	CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1141.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21266) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1141.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21265) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-02Can.tdb	1078.46	CUTI3_L60 (x(Ti) 0.77786) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95504) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98677)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1231.93	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.50744) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56589) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1231.39	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.75396) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.87448)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1187.52	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.34299) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48671)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1170.61	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.06998) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19198) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.22385)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1157.91	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.28714) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1155.88	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21481) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27951) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1155.88	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21479) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27948) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1149.81	CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1138.25	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21441) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1138.25	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21439) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1138.25	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21438) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1064.66	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.9524) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.9835)
CuTi-08Tur.tdb	1064.66	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95249) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98354)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1262.88	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.6484) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84075)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1262.88	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64847) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.8408)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1240.45	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51733) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56859) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1240.45	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51733) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56859) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1205.62	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.35974) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48477)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1168.91	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07865) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19154) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20759)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1160.32	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27191) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1157.84	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21393) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.26491) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1147.56	CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1141.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21266) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1141.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21265) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1061.14	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94391) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98372)
CuTi-11Wan.tdb	1061.14	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94393) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98373)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1259.17	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.72722) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.87044)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1259.17	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.72723) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.87044)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1240.54	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51328) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.57634) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1240.54	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51335) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.57672) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1207.57	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.36672) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48265)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1177.56	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07603) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21397) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.23371)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1171.98	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.29913) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1167.28	CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1167.03	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.22567) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.28234) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1149.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.22545) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1149.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.22543) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1062.53	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94383) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98237)
CuTi-23Yan.tdb	1062.53	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.94388) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98239)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1163.84	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.68158) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.92729)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1163.84	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.68164) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.9273)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1145.19	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.59189) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1145.19	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.59197) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1141.5	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.40224) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1141.5	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.40274) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1121.55	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.03568) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.2236)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1121.55	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.03565) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.2234)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1089.69	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3029) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1089.69	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3027) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1089.69	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3029) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1089.69	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.3024) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1075.6	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95184) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98529)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	1075.6	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95196) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98533)
CuTi-85Sau.tdb	544.6	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.2) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.5)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1262.18	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64817) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84061)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1262.18	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.64824) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.84065)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1241.44	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51656) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.5643) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1241.44	CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.51658) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.56444) + CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1205.62	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.35974) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857) + CUTI_B11 (x(Ti) 0.48477)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1168.91	FCC_A1 (x(Ti) 0.07865) + CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.19154) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.20759)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1160.32	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.27191) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1157.84	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21393) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.26491) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1147.56	CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4) + CU4TI3 (x(Ti) 0.42857)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1141.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21266) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1141.56	CU4TI (x(Ti) 0.21265) + CU2TI (x(Ti) 0.33333) + CU3TI2 (x(Ti) 0.4)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1071.54	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95061) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98554)
CuTi-96Har-LB.tdb	1071.54	CUTI2 (x(Ti) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95064) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.98555)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull CuTi-02Can · CALPHAD hull CuTi-08Tur · CALPHAD hull CuTi-11Wan · CALPHAD hull CuTi-85Sau · CALPHAD hull CuTi-96Har-LB

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Ti system (69)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1288	congruent melting: L <=> CuTi2	L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 4 report
1288	congruent melting: L <=> CuTi2	L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 7, row 3 report
1285	congruent melting: L <=> CuTi2	L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Yamane 1994 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 6 report
1283	congruent melting: L <=> CuTi2	L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 5 report
1282	congruent melting: L <=> CuTi2	L: Ti 0.667; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 7, row 7 report
1282	L <=> CuTi2 + (βTi)	L: Ti 0.69; CuTi2: Ti 0.667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 7, row 8 report
1278	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Trzebiatowski 1953	Table 2, p. 6, row 15 report
1276	L <=> CuTi2 + (βTi)	L: Ti 0.69	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 10 report
1275	L <=> CuTi2 + (βTi)	CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (βTi): Ti 0.84	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Oliker 1996 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 11 report
1273	L <=> CuTi2 + (βTi)	L: Ti 0.69; CuTi2: Ti 0.667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 9 report
1257	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 18 report
1257	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 17 report
1255	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 6, row 16 report
1253	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Alisova 1994	Table 2, p. 6, row 19 report
1251	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.505; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 6, row 21 report
1248	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.507; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 6, row 20 report
1245	congruent melting: L -> CuTi	L: Ti 0.5; CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Raub 1952	Table 2, p. 6, row 14 report
1242	L <=> CuTi + CuTi2	L: Ti 0.564; CuTi: Ti 0.517; CuTi2: Ti 0.667	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 7, row 1 report
1234	L <=> CuTi + CuTi2	L: Ti 0.569; CuTi: Ti 0.513; CuTi2: Ti 0.667	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 7, row 2 report
1233	eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2	L: Ti 0.43	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 25 report
1233	eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2	L: Ti 0.57; CuTi: Ti 0.5; CuTi2: Ti 0.667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 6, row 23 report
1233	eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2	L: Ti 0.57	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 24 report
1231	L <=> CuTi2 + (βTi)	L: Ti 0.754; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (βTi): Ti 0.875	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 7, row 12 report
1227	eutectic: L -> CuTi + CuTi2	L: Ti 0.57; CuTi: Ti 0.5; CuTi2: Ti 0.667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Raub 1952	Table 2, p. 6, row 22 report
1208	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3	CuTi: Cu 0.5, Ti 0.5; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Alisova 1994	Table 2, p. 6, row 11 report
1208	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3	CuTi: Ti 0.5; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 6, row 7 report
1206	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3	L: Ti 0.36; CuTi: Ti 0.485; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 6, row 12 report
1202	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3		experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 10 report
1191	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3	Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 9 report
1189	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3	L: Ti 0.347; CuTi: Ti 0.49; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 6, row 13 report
1189	L + CuTi -> Cu4Ti3	CuTi: Ti 0.5; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Raub 1952	Table 2, p. 6, row 6 report
1169	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti	L: Ti 0.225; (Cu): Ti 0.07; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.194	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 5, row 7 report
1169	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti	L: Ti 0.208; (Cu): Ti 0.079; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.192	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 5, row 6 report
1165	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti		experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 4 report
1165	L + Cu4Ti3 <=> Cu2Ti	Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.4; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 5, row 21 report
1163	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti	L: Ti 0.33; (Cu): Ti 0.063	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Trzebiatowski 1953	Table 2, p. 5, row 2 report
1160	L + Cu4Ti3 <=> Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.272; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 5, row 24 report
1158	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti	(Cu): Ti 0.056; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.25	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Raub 1952	Table 2, p. 5, row 1 report
1158	L + Cu4Ti3 <=> Cu2Ti	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 23 report
1158	L + Cu4Ti3 <=> Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.287; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 5, row 25 report
1158	Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Cu 0.571429, Ti 0.428571; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 6, row 1 report
1158	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.265; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.214; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 5, row 13 report
1156	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.279; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.217; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 5, row 14 report
1153	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.29; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.25; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 5, row 10 report
1151	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.27; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 12 report
1151	L + Cu4Ti3 <=> Cu2Ti	Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 22 report
1150	Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 6, row 5 report
1148	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	Cu4Ti: Cu 0.8, Ti 0.2; Cu2Ti: Cu 0.666667, Ti 0.333333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Trzebiatowski 1953	Table 2, p. 5, row 9 report
1148	Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 6, row 4 report
1146	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.34; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Raub 1952	Table 2, p. 5, row 8 report
1145	Cu2Ti <=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti: Cu 0.8, Ti 0.2; Cu3Ti2: Cu 0.6, Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Vigdorovich 1958	Table 2, p. 5, row 15 report
1143	Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1966 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 2 report
1143	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti		experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 3 report
1142	Cu2Ti <=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.213; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 5, row 19 report
1138	Cu2Ti <=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti: Ti 0.217; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 5, row 20 report
1138	Cu2Ti + Cu4Ti3 -> Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu4Ti3: Ti 0.429; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 6, row 3 report
1138	Cu2Ti <=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 18 report
1133	Cu2Ti <=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1966 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 16 report
1133	L <=> Cu4Ti + Cu2Ti	L: Ti 0.27; Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 11 report
1123	Cu2Ti <=> Cu4Ti + Cu3Ti2	Cu2Ti: Ti 0.333; Cu3Ti2: Ti 0.4	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 5, row 17 report
1123	L + (Cu) <=> Cu4Ti		experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1988	Table 2, p. 5, row 5 report
1073	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)		experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Ecob 1979 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 16 report
1073	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)		experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Eremenko 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 15 report
1073	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)	(βTi): Ti 0.944; CuTi2: Cu 0.333333, Ti 0.666667; (αTi): Ti 0.984	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Oliker 1996 doi	Table 2, p. 7, row 18 report
1072	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)	(βTi): Ti 0.951; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.986	model	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Turchanin 1995	Table 2, p. 7, row 19 report
1071	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)	(βTi): Ti 0.945; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.984	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Raub 1952	Table 2, p. 7, row 14 report
1065	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)	(βTi): Ti 0.953; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.984	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 2, p. 7, row 20 report
1053	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)	CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.986	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Nagata 1981	Table 2, p. 7, row 17 report
1049	(βTi) <=> CuTi2 + (αTi)	(βTi): Ti 0.93; CuTi2: Ti 0.667; (αTi): Ti 0.9875	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Joukainen 1952	Table 2, p. 7, row 13 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Cu–Ti system (12)
Phase	Value	T (K)	Class	Source	Location
Cu2Ti	-9.871 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 11 report
Cu3Ti2	-13.927 kJ/mol (basis unstated)		model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 13 report
Cu3Ti2	-9.35 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.3	298.15	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kaufman 1978 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 12 report
Cu4Ti	-7.346 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 6 report
Cu4Ti	-5.53 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.07	298.15	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kaufman 1978 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 1 report
Cu4Ti3	-14.921 kJ/mol (basis unstated)		model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 15 report
Cu4Ti3	-9.65 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.88	298.15	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kaufman 1978 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 14 report
CuTi	-17.534 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 22 report
CuTi	-11.12 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.72	298.15	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kaufman 1978 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 16 report
CuTi	-9.61 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.37	298.15	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Colinet 1997 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 17 report
CuTi2	-24.22 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	298.15	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 29 report
CuTi2	-8.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.62	298.15	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kaufman 1978 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 27 report

Other properties

Formation (23)

Formation, Cu–Ti system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-2.08 J/mol (basis unstated)/K		Cu3Ti2 alloy: Ti 0.4	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 13 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-2.32 J/mol (basis unstated)/K		Cu4Ti3 alloy: Ti 0.428571	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 15 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-1.85 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 6 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-3.37 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 22 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-8.5 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	CuTi2 alloy: Ti 0.666667	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 29 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-6.864 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	673	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 7 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-4.627 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	673	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 2 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-9.815 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	673	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 18 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-16.384 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	673	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 23 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-6.793 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	723	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 8 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-4.694 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	723	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 3 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-9.875 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	723	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 19 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-16.077 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	723	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 24 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-4.789 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 4 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-6.731 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 9 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-15.776 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 25 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-9.715 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 20 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-8.75 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	CuTi2 alloy: Ti 0.666667	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 28 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-18.778 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	CuTi2 alloy: Ti 0.666667	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 30 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-6.676 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	823	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 10 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-4.501 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	823	Cu4Ti alloy: Ti 0.2	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 5 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-9.835 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	823	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Kleppa 1982 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 21 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-15.481 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	823	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 26 report

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (3)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Cu–Ti system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy printed: ΔmS	12.7 J/(mole · K)	1248	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Colinet 1997 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 31 report
Entropy printed: ΔmS	15 J/(mole · K)	1250	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	experimental	[1] Turchanin 2008 cites Alisova 1994	Table 3, p. 8, row 32 report
Entropy printed: ΔmS	12.64 J/(mole · K)	1251	CuTi alloy: Ti 0.5	model	[1] Turchanin 2008	Table 3, p. 8, row 33 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

M. A. Turchanin, P. G. Agraval, A. R. Abdulov, Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. I. Cu-Ti system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 47, 344-360 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11106-008-9026-2

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}