Ga system

62 accepted literature values from 12 paper(s) (experimental 28, model 8, DFT 5, unspecified 21); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	28
model	8
DFT	5
unspecified	21

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
phase transition	1
formation	3
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy	14
crystal structure	44

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Ga system (3)
Phase	Value	T (K)	Class	Source	Location
β (Ga:Va)	7.25 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	[1] Chari 2010	Table 2, p. 4, row 6 report
β (Ga:Va)	7.7 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	DFT	[1] Chari 2010	Table 2, p. 4, row 4 report
β (Ga:Va)	8.6 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	DFT	[1] Chari 2010	Table 2, p. 4, row 5 report

Other properties

Phase transition (1)

Phase transition, Ga system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	303.15 K	303.15	α-Ga alloy: Ga 1	model	[2] Perron 2016 cites Dinsdale 1991 doi	Table 1, p. 3, row 5 report

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (14)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Ga system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy printed: S_Ga^ortho(298)	40.83 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 3 report
Entropy printed: S_Ga^ortho(298)	40.83 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 3 report
Entropy printed: S_Ga^ortho(298)	40.97 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 4 report
Entropy printed: S_Ga^ortho(298)	40.97 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	298.15	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 4 report
Entropy printed: S_Ga^liquid(T_m) - S_Ga^ortho(T_m)	18.23 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Liquid Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 12 report
Entropy printed: S_Ga^liquid(T_m) - S_Ga^ortho(T_m)	18.47 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Liquid Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 11 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^liquid(T_m)	28.24 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Liquid Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 14 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^liquid(T_m)	28.24 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Liquid Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 14 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^liquid(T_m)	28.24 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Liquid Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 13 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^liquid(T_m)	28.24 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Liquid Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 13 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^ortho(T_m)	26.133 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 5 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^ortho(T_m)	26.133 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 4, p. 12, row 5 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^ortho(T_m)	26.26 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 6 report
Heat capacity printed: C_P^ortho(T_m)	26.26 J/mol (basis unstated)/K	302.915	Orthorhombic Ga	experimental	[3] He 2024	Table 4, p. 12, row 6 report

Crystal structure (44)

Crystal structure, Ga system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	4.585 Å	0	(Ga) alloy: Ga 1	DFT	[4] Li 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice a	5.658 Å		Ga alloy: Ga 1	model	[5] Moussa 2018 cites Massalski 1990	Table 1, p. 3, row 5 report
Lattice a	10.593 Å	237.15	(γGa) (γGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 4 report
Lattice a	2.7713 Å	250.15	(βGa) (βGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice a	2.7713 Å	250.15	γGa γGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[7] Anderson 1991	Table 4, p. 7, row 2 report
Lattice a	9.09 Å	254.15	(δGa) (δGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 5 report
Lattice a	4.5198 Å	297.15	Ga Ga: Ga 1	unspecified	[8] Dutkiewicz 1990 cites Barrett 1965	Table 4, p. 4, row 1 report
Lattice a	0.4519 not_printed ± 2.000e-4	298.15	(Ga) (Ga): Ga 1	experimental	[9] Luo 2014 cites H 1991	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice a	4.514 Å	298.15	(Ga) alloy: Ga 1	experimental	[4] Li 2013 cites Bruzzone 1966	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Lattice a	4.5192 Å	298.15	(αGa) (αGa): Ga 1	unspecified	[10] Anderson 1992	Table 4, p. 5, row 1 report
Lattice a	4.5192 Å	298.15	(αGaI) (αGaI): Ga 1	unspecified	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites ref. 1	Table 4, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice a	4.5192 Å	298.15	Ga Ga: Ga 1	unspecified	[11] Ansara 1991	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice a	4.5192 Å	298.15	Ga-Orth Ga-Orth:	model	[12] Ghasemi 2014 cites Anderson 1991 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice a	4.5192 Å	298.15	αGa αGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[7] Anderson 1991	Table 4, p. 7, row 1 report
Lattice a	2.9 Å	298.15	βGa βGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[8] Dutkiewicz 1990 cites Barrett 1965	Table 4, p. 4, row 2 report
Lattice b	7.771 Å	0	(Ga) alloy: Ga 1	DFT	[4] Li 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice b	5.658 Å		Ga alloy: Ga 1	model	[5] Moussa 2018 cites Massalski 1990	Table 1, p. 3, row 5 report
Lattice b	13.523 Å	237.15	(γGa) (γGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 4 report
Lattice b	8.0606 Å	250.15	(βGa) (βGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice b	8.0606 Å	250.15	γGa γGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[7] Anderson 1991	Table 4, p. 7, row 2 report
Lattice b	7.6602 Å	297.15	Ga Ga: Ga 1	unspecified	[8] Dutkiewicz 1990 cites Barrett 1965	Table 4, p. 4, row 1 report
Lattice b	0.7658 not_printed ± 3.000e-4	298.15	(Ga) (Ga): Ga 1	experimental	[9] Luo 2014 cites H 1991	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice b	7.644 Å	298.15	(Ga) alloy: Ga 1	experimental	[4] Li 2013 cites Bruzzone 1966	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Lattice b	7.6586 Å	298.15	(αGa) (αGa): Ga 1	unspecified	[10] Anderson 1992	Table 4, p. 5, row 1 report
Lattice b	7.6586 Å	298.15	(αGaI) (αGaI): Ga 1	unspecified	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites ref. 1	Table 4, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice b	7.6586 Å	298.15	Ga Ga: Ga 1	unspecified	[11] Ansara 1991	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice b	7.6586 Å	298.15	Ga-Orth Ga-Orth:	model	[12] Ghasemi 2014 cites Anderson 1991 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice b	7.6586 Å	298.15	αGa αGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[7] Anderson 1991	Table 4, p. 7, row 1 report
Lattice b	8.13 Å	298.15	βGa βGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[8] Dutkiewicz 1990 cites Barrett 1965	Table 4, p. 4, row 2 report
Lattice c	4.584 Å	0	(Ga) alloy: Ga 1	DFT	[4] Li 2013	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice c	5.658 Å		Ga alloy: Ga 1	model	[5] Moussa 2018 cites Massalski 1990	Table 1, p. 3, row 5 report
Lattice c	5.203 Å	237.15	(γGa) (γGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 4 report
Lattice c	3.3314 Å	250.15	(βGa) (βGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice c	3.3314 Å	250.15	γGa γGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[7] Anderson 1991	Table 4, p. 7, row 2 report
Lattice c	17.02 Å	254.15	(δGa) (δGa): Ga 1	experimental	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites Defrain 1977 doi	Table 4, p. 2, row 5 report
Lattice c	4.5198 Å	297.15	Ga Ga: Ga 1	unspecified	[8] Dutkiewicz 1990 cites Barrett 1965	Table 4, p. 4, row 1 report
Lattice c	0.4526 not_printed ± 2.000e-4	298.15	(Ga) (Ga): Ga 1	experimental	[9] Luo 2014 cites H 1991	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice c	4.526 Å	298.15	(Ga) alloy: Ga 1	experimental	[4] Li 2013 cites Bruzzone 1966	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Lattice c	4.5258 Å	298.15	(αGa) (αGa): Ga 1	unspecified	[10] Anderson 1992	Table 4, p. 5, row 1 report
Lattice c	4.5258 Å	298.15	(αGaI) (αGaI): Ga 1	unspecified	[6] Olesinski 1985 cites ref. 1	Table 4, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice c	4.5258 Å	298.15	Ga Ga: Ga 1	unspecified	[11] Ansara 1991	Table 3, p. 3, row 1 report
Lattice c	4.5258 Å	298.15	Ga-Orth Ga-Orth:	model	[12] Ghasemi 2014 cites Anderson 1991 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice c	4.5258 Å	298.15	αGa αGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[7] Anderson 1991	Table 4, p. 7, row 1 report
Lattice c	3.17 Å	298.15	βGa βGa: Ga 1	unspecified	[8] Dutkiewicz 1990 cites Barrett 1965	Table 4, p. 4, row 2 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Arpita Chari, Andres Garay, Raymundo Arróyave, Thermodynamic remodeling of the Co–Ga system, Calphad 34, 189-195 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.02.004
A. Perron, P.E.A. Turchi, A. Landa, B. Oudot, B. Ravat, F. Delaunay, Thermodynamic assessments and inter-relationships between systems involving Al, Am, Ga, Pu, and U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 482, 187-200 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.09.012
Zhangting He, Qing Chen, Malin Selleby, Third Generation Calphad for Key Elements, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 1163-1181 (2024). doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01166-z
Xi Li, Kaiming Cheng, Xiaoming Yuan, Dongdong Zhao, Jinghua Xin, Weiwei Wang et al., Thermodynamic assessment of the Ga–X (X=B, Ca, Sr, Ba) systems supported by first-principles calculations, Calphad 43, 52-60 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.09.002
Chantal Moussa, Alexandre Berche, José Barbosa, Mathieu Pasturel, Bertrand Stepnik, Olivier Tougait, Experimental investigation of the phase equilibria and thermodynamic assessment in the U-Ga and U-Al-Ga systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 499, 361-371 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.11.037
R. W. Olesinski, N. Kanani, G. J. Abbaschian, The Ga−Si (Gallium-Silicon) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, 362-364 (1985). doi:10.1007/bf02880523
T.J Anderson, I Ansara, The Ga-In (Gallium-Indium) System, JPE 12, 64-72 (1991). doi:10.1007/bf02663677
J. Dutkiewicz, Z. Moser, L. Zabdyr, D. D. Gohil, T. G. Chart, I. Ansara et al., The Ga-Zn (Gallium-Zinc) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 11, 77-82 (1990). doi:10.1007/bf02841587
Wei Luo, Shuhong Liu, Ying Tang, Ming Yin, Bosse Sundman, Yong Du et al., Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the Ga–Zr system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 587, 497-505 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.10.199
T. J. Anderson, I. Ansara, The Ga-Sn (gallium-tin) system, JPE 13, 181-189 (1992). doi:10.1007/bf02667485
I Ansara, F Ajersch, The Ga-Pb (Gallium-Lead) System, JPE 12, 73-77 (1991). doi:10.1007/bf02663678
M. Ghasemi, B. Sundman, S.G. Fries, J. Johansson, The thermodynamic assessment of the Au–In–Ga system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 600, 178-185 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.071

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}