Gd–Pd system

55 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 17, model 38); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (14) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	17
model	38

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	26
phase transition	8
formation	20
mixing / partial	1

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
GdPd-00Du.tdb	Z. Du, H. Yang, J. Alloys Compd., 312, 181-88(2000). doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01144-0	`a7d4cf1a658c9d9394f4497e0f47f81e83705368ff001de25e499a59086f67ae`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1588.48	GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.49994) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.54417) + GD3PD4_HT (x(Pd) 0.57143)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1577.7	GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.49995) + GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD3PD4_HT (x(Pd) 0.57143)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1577.7	GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD3PD4_HT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.60081)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1562.77	BCC_A2 (x(Pd) 0.01284) + HCP_A3 (x(Pd) 0.01985) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.02928)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1498.4	LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.6545) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) + GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1498.4	LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.6546) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667) + GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.75)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1432.31	GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62864)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1432.31	GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62862)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1427.18	GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62987) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1427.18	GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62984) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1427.18	GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.62988) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1402.63	GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143) + GD2PD3 (x(Pd) 0.6) + GDPD2 (x(Pd) 0.66667)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1400.24	GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.78474) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.85056) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.88461)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1308.64	LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.38647) + GDPD_B33 (x(Pd) 0.49339) + GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.49367)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1272.74	GDPD_B2 (x(Pd) 0.5) + GDPD_B33 (x(Pd) 0.5) + GD3PD4_LT (x(Pd) 0.57143)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1155.27	LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.3634) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4) + GDPD_B33 (x(Pd) 0.49138)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1084.83	GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.30188) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1084.83	GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.30192) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1084.83	GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.30178) + GD3PD2_D5A (x(Pd) 0.4)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	1057.88	HCP_A3 (x(Pd) 0.03176) + LIQUID (x(Pd) 0.23391) + GD7PD3_D102 (x(Pd) 0.3)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	810	GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.77132) + GDPD7 (x(Pd) 0.875) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.8879)
GdPd-00Du.tdb	810	GDPD3_L12 (x(Pd) 0.77131) + GDPD7 (x(Pd) 0.875) + FCC_A1 (x(Pd) 0.8879)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Gd–Pd system (26)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1593	eutectic: liq. -> βGdPd + βGd3Pd4	L: Pd 0.53; βGdPd: Pd 0.49; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 12 report
1589	eutectic: liq. -> βGdPd + βGd3Pd4	L: Pd 0.5441; βGdPd: Pd 0.4999; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 11 report
1563	liq. + bcc(Gd) -> hcp(Gd)	L: Pd 0.04; bcc(Gd): Pd 0.01; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.02	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 2 report
1563	liq. + bcc(Gd) -> hcp(Gd)	L: Pd 0.0293; bcc(Gd): Pd 0.0129; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.0204	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 1 report
1500	liq. + GdPd3 -> GdPd2	L: Pd 0.65; GdPd3: Pd 0.75; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 28 report
1499	liq. + GdPd3 -> GdPd2	L: Pd 0.6545; GdPd3: Pd 0.75; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 27 report
1433	liq. + βGd3Pd4 -> Gd2Pd3	L: Pd 0.635; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 22 report
1433	liq. + βGd3Pd4 -> Gd2Pd3	L: Pd 0.6286; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 21 report
1428	eutectic: liq. -> Gd2Pd3 + GdPd2	L: Pd 0.6299; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 23 report
1425	eutectic: liq. -> Gd2Pd3 + GdPd2	L: Pd 0.64; Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 24 report
1403	Gd2Pd3 -> αGd3Pd4 + GdPd2	Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 26 report
1403	Gd2Pd3 -> αGd3Pd4 + GdPd2	Gd2Pd3: Pd 0.6; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; GdPd2: Pd 0.666667	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 25 report
1401	eutectic: liq. -> GdPd3 + fcc(Pd)	L: Pd 0.8506; GdPd3: Pd 0.7847; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.8846	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 31 report
1401	eutectic: liq. -> GdPd3 + fcc(Pd)	L: Pd 0.86; GdPd3: Pd 0.79; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.88	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 32 report
1311	liq. + βGdPd -> αGdPd	L: Pd 0.3869; βGdPd: Pd 0.4937; αGdPd: Pd 0.4934	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 13 report
1311	liq. + βGdPd -> αGdPd	L: Pd 0.36; βGdPd: Pd 0.48; αGdPd: Pd 0.48	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 14 report
1278	βGdPd -> αGdPd + αGd3Pd4	βGdPd: Pd 0.49; αGdPd: Pd 0.49; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 16 report
1278	βGdPd -> αGdPd + αGd3Pd4	βGdPd: Pd 0.5; αGdPd: Pd 0.5; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 15 report
1155	liq. + αGdPd -> Gd3Pd2	L: Pd 0.34; αGdPd: Pd 0.48; Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 8 report
1155	liq. + αGdPd -> Gd3Pd2	L: Pd 0.3634; αGdPd: Pd 0.4914; Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 7 report
1085	liq. + Gd3Pd2 -> Gd7Pd3	Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3019	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 5 report
1085	liq. + Gd3Pd2 -> Gd7Pd3	L: Pd 0.27; Gd3Pd2: Pd 0.4; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 6 report
1058	eutectic: liq. -> hcp(Gd) + Gd7Pd3	L: Pd 0.24; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.014; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 4 report
1058	eutectic: liq. -> hcp(Gd) + Gd7Pd3	L: Pd 0.2339; hcp(Gd): Pd 0.0318; Gd7Pd3: Pd 0.3	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 3 report
810	GdPd3 + fcc(Pd) -> GdPd7	GdPd3: Pd 0.77; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.892; GdPd7: Pd 0.875	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 34 report
810	GdPd3 + fcc(Pd) -> GdPd7	GdPd3: Pd 0.7713; fcc(Pd): Pd 0.8879; GdPd7: Pd 0.875	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 33 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Gd–Pd system (7)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location
Pd2Gd	GdPd2	-80.498 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model		-77.954 (oqmd-18407)	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 62 report
Pd3Gd	GdPd3	-78.078 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-83.652 (mp-aaaabfsd)	-83.791 (oqmd-18693)	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 4 report
Pd3Gd	GdPd3	-48.335 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-83.652 (mp-aaaabfsd)	-83.791 (oqmd-18693)	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 74 report
Pd4Gd3	Gd3Pd4	-82.523 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model		-87.901 (oqmd-1437083)	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 36 report
Pd7Gd	GdPd7	-48.335 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model		-42.984 (oqmd-1376299)	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 74 report
Pd7RE		-48.335 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model			[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 6, row 8 report
PdGd	GdPd	-85.265 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-85.094 (mp-aaaaaqxn)	-86.932 (oqmd-30400)	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 24 report

Other properties

Phase transition (8)

Phase transition, Gd–Pd system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Phase transition	1578 K	1578	βGd3Pd4 -> αGd3Pd4 βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 19 report
Phase transition	1578 K	1578	βGd3Pd4 -> αGd3Pd4 βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429; αGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 20 report
Phase transition	1628 K	1628	liq. -> βGd3Pd4 L: Pd 0.571429; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 18 report
Phase transition	1629 K	1629	liq. -> βGd3Pd4 L: Pd 0.571429; βGd3Pd4: Pd 0.571429	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 17 report
Phase transition	1653 K	1653	liq. -> βGdPd L: Pd 0.48; βGdPd: Pd 0.5	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 10 report
Phase transition	1654 K	1654	liq. -> βGdPd βGdPd: Pd 0.4994	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 9 report
Phase transition	1903 K	1903	liq. -> GdPd3 GdPd3: Pd 0.7503	model	[1] Du 2000	Table 3, p. 5, row 29 report
Phase transition	1903 K	1903	liq. -> GdPd3 GdPd3: Pd 0.75	experimental	[1] Du 2000 cites Loebich 1973 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 30 report

Formation (13)

Formation, Gd–Pd system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	6.446 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	Pd2Gd alloy: Gd 0.333333, Pd 0.666667	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 62 report
Entropy of formation	7.63 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	Pd3Gd alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 4 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	9.402 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	Pd3Gd alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 74 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	5.79 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	Pd4Gd3 alloy: Gd 0.428571, Pd 0.571429	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 36 report
Entropy of formation	9.402 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	Pd7Gd alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 74 report
Entropy of formation printed: Entropies of formation	9.402 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	Pd7RE alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 6, row 8 report
Entropy of formation	8.684 J/mol-atom/K	298.15	PdGd alloy: Gd 0.5, Pd 0.5	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 24 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: Gibbs free energy of formation	-82.4199 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	Pd2Gd alloy: Gd 0.333333, Pd 0.666667	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 62 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: Gibbs free energy of formation	-80.3529 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	Pd3Gd alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 4 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-51.1382 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	Pd3Gd alloy: Gd 0.25, Pd 0.75	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 74 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: Gibbs free energy of formation	-84.2493 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	Pd4Gd3 alloy: Gd 0.428571, Pd 0.571429	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 36 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: Gibbs free energy of formation	-51.1382 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	Pd7Gd alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 74 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-87.8541 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	PdGd alloy: Gd 0.5, Pd 0.5	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 24 report

Mixing / partial (1)

Mixing / partial, Gd–Pd system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Gibbs energy of mixing printed: Gibbs free Energies	-51.1382 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	Pd7RE alloy: Gd 0.125, Pd 0.875	model	[2] Kardellass 2020 cites Du 2000 doi	Table 3, p. 6, row 8 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Zhenmin Du, Haifang Yang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Gd–Pd system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 312, 181-188 (2000). doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(00)01144-0
Said Kardellass, Colette Servant, Isabelle Drouelle, Fatima Zahra Chrifi-Alaoui, Mohamed Idbenali, Alyen Abahazem et al., Calphad-type assessment of the Pd-Yb binary system supported by first-principles calculations – Part II: Results, Materials Today: Proceedings 24, 140-150 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.196

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}