Ge–Mn system

44 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 29, model 15); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 19 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (14) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	29
model	15

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	44

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	A. Berche, J.-C. Tedenac, P. Jund, Intermetallics, 47, 23-30(2014). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2013.12.009	`4243bd74c559c91eeb7c71acf2cbf638400c8237a00c1f75d3c66f8b80d563b3`	viewer · TDB · JSON
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	A. Berche, E. Theron-Ruiz, J.-C. Tedenac, P. Jund, J. Alloys Compd., 632, 10-16(2015). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.072	`da527b95e844a2c05cdbe3cf0e1fed0110d98f739ebe393bb8621c81686c9817`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1417.67	LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.92775) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.96476) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.97078)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1228.75	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.6497) + GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.66144)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1228.74	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.64996) + GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.66151)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1213.91	GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.67427) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.69862) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.71065)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1192.69	GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.73504) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.756) + GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.76296)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1185.46	GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.78303) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.79248) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.90256)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1073.74	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.6697) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.7114)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1069.9	LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.47392) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895) + GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1069.9	LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.47392) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895) + GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	1052.56	GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.72371) + GEMN3_D022 (x(Mn) 0.75) + GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.75534)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	995.12	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Mn) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.40596) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	995.12	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Mn) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.40546) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	995.12	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Mn) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.40546) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	948	GEMN3_D022 (x(Mn) 0.75) + GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.75832) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.88824)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	936.86	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.71392) + GE2MN5_LT (x(Mn) 0.71429)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	906.7	GE2MN5_LT (x(Mn) 0.71429) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.71718) + GEMN3_D022 (x(Mn) 0.75)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	333.72	FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.93149) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.94117) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 1)
GeMn-14Ber.tdb	333.72	FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.93144) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.9411) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 1)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1417.67	LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.92775) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.96476) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.97078)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1228.75	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.6497) + GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.66144)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1228.74	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.64996) + GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.66151)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1213.91	GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.67427) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.69862) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.71065)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1192.69	GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.73504) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.756) + GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.76296)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1185.46	GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.78303) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.79248) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.90256)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1073.74	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + GEMN2_B82 (x(Mn) 0.6697) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.7114)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1069.9	LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.47392) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895) + GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1069.9	LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.47393) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895) + GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	1052.56	GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.72371) + GEMN3_D022 (x(Mn) 0.75) + GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.75534)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	995.32	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Mn) 0.00167) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.40614) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	995.31	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Mn) 0.00167) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.40563) + GE8MN11 (x(Mn) 0.57895)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	948	GEMN3_D022 (x(Mn) 0.75) + GEMN3_D019 (x(Mn) 0.75832) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.88824)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	936.86	GE3MN5_D88 (x(Mn) 0.625) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.71392) + GE2MN5_LT (x(Mn) 0.71429)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	906.7	GE2MN5_LT (x(Mn) 0.71429) + GE2MN5_HT (x(Mn) 0.71718) + GEMN3_D022 (x(Mn) 0.75)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	347.06	FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.93141) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.94241) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 1)
GeMn-15Ber.tdb	347.06	FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.93139) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.9424) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 1)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull GeMn-14Ber

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ge–Mn system (44)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1435	Liquid + BCC_A2 = FCC_A1	Liquid: Mn 0.91; BCC_A2: Mn 0.97; FCC_A1: Mn 0.93	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1951	Table 2, p. 3, row 43 report
1414	Liquid + BCC_A2 = FCC_A1	Liquid: Mn 0.925; BCC_A2: Mn 0.969; FCC_A1: Mn 0.964	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 44 report
1239	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge3	Liquid: Mn 0.625; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 10 report
1238	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn2Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.666; Mn2Ge: Mn 0.666	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 15 report
1235	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge3	Liquid: Mn 0.625; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 11 report
1234	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn2Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.663; Mn2Ge: Mn 0.663	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 16 report
1229	Liquid = Mn5Ge3 + Mn2Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.648; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625; Mn2Ge: Mn 0.661	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 14 report
1226	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge2	Liquid: Mn 0.715; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.715	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 25 report
1223	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge2	Liquid: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286; Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Gupta 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 26 report
1220	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge2	Liquid: Mn 0.718; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.718	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 27 report
1219	Liquid = Mn5Ge3 + Mn2Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.644; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.628; Mn2Ge: Mn 0.655	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
1213	Liquid = Mn2Ge + Mn5Ge2	Liquid: Mn 0.699; Mn2Ge: Mn 0.675; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.711	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 21 report
1208	Liquid = Mn2Ge + Mn5Ge2	Liquid: Mn 0.695; Mn2Ge: Mn 0.68; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.706	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 19 report
1205	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge3	Liquid: Mn 0.625; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 9 report
1203	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn3Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.777; Mn3Ge: Mn 0.777	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 35 report
1198	Liquid = Mn2Ge + Mn5Ge2	Mn2Ge: Ge 0.333333, Mn 0.666667; Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Gupta 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 20 report
1198	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn3Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.768; Mn3Ge: Mn 0.768	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 36 report
1195	Liquid = Mn5Ge2 + Mn3Ge	Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286; Mn3Ge: Ge 0.25, Mn 0.75	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Gupta 1970 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 33 report
1194	Liquid = Mn5Ge2 + Mn3Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.753; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.734; Mn3Ge: Mn 0.762	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 34 report
1193	congruent melting: Liquid = Mn5Ge2	Liquid: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286; Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 24 report
1189	Liquid = Mn3Ge + FCC_A1	Liquid: Mn 0.776; Mn3Ge: Mn 0.772	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 40 report
1187	Liquid = Mn3Ge + FCC_A1	Liquid: Mn 0.793; Mn3Ge: Mn 0.783; FCC_A1: Mn 0.904	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 42 report
1185	Liquid = Mn5Ge2 + Mn3Ge	Liquid: Mn 0.76; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.765; Mn3Ge: Mn 0.732	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 32 report
1182	Liquid = Mn3Ge + FCC_A1	Mn3Ge: Ge 0.25, Mn 0.75	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1951	Table 2, p. 3, row 41 report
1173	Liquid = Mn3Ge + FCC_A1	Mn3Ge: Ge 0.25, Mn 0.75	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 39 report
1170	Liquid = Mn5Ge3 + Mn2Ge	Mn5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Mn 0.625; Mn2Ge: Ge 0.333333, Mn 0.666667	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 12 report
1170	Liquid = Mn5Ge2 + Mn3Ge	Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286; Mn3Ge: Ge 0.25, Mn 0.75	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 31 report
1070	Liquid + Mn5Ge3 = Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.485; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625; Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.579	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 8 report
1069	Liquid + Mn5Ge3 = Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.48; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625; Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.6	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 7 report
1066	Mn2Ge = Mn5Ge3 + Mn5Ge2	Mn2Ge: Mn 0.67; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.711	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 18 report
1063	Mn2Ge = Mn5Ge3 + Mn5Ge2	Mn2Ge: Mn 0.667; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.628; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.716	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 17 report
1018	Liquid + Mn5Ge3 = Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.495; Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625; Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.6	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 6 report
1005	Liquid = DIAMOND + Mn11Ge8	Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.58	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Laridjani 1970	Table 2, p. 3, row 4 report
993	Liquid = DIAMOND + Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.43; DIAMOND: Mn 0; Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.6	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
993	Liquid = DIAMOND + Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.36; Mn11Ge8: Ge 0.421053, Mn 0.578947	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Downing 1951 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 2 report
991	Liquid = DIAMOND + Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.416; DIAMOND: Mn 0; Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.579	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 5 report
970	Liquid = DIAMOND + Mn11Ge8	Liquid: Mn 0.475; DIAMOND: Mn 0; Mn11Ge8: Mn 0.6	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 1 report
963	Mn5Ge3 + Mn5Ge2 = LT_Mn5Ge2	Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.628; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.717; LT_Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.7	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 22 report
953	polymorphic: Mn3Ge = LT_Mn3Ge	Mn3Ge: Mn 0.777; LT_Mn3Ge: Mn 0.777	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 37 report
951	Mn3Ge = LT_Mn3Ge + FCC_A1	Mn3Ge: Mn 0.758; LT_Mn3Ge: Mn 0.75; FCC_A1: Mn 0.89	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 38 report
934	Mn5Ge3 + Mn5Ge2 = LT_Mn5Ge2	Mn5Ge3: Mn 0.625; Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.714; LT_Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.714	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 23 report
910	Mn5Ge2 = LT_Mn5Ge2 + LT_Mn3Ge	Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.717; LT_Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.714; LT_Mn3Ge: Mn 0.75	model	[1] Berche 2014	Table 2, p. 3, row 30 report
903	Mn5Ge2 = LT_Mn5Ge2 + LT_Mn3Ge	Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286; LT_Mn5Ge2: Ge 0.285714, Mn 0.714286; LT_Mn3Ge: Ge 0.25, Mn 0.75	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Zwicker 1949	Table 2, p. 3, row 28 report
893	Mn5Ge2 = LT_Mn5Ge2 + LT_Mn3Ge	Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.718; LT_Mn5Ge2: Mn 0.7; LT_Mn3Ge: Mn 0.765	experimental	[1] Berche 2014 cites Wachtel 1969	Table 2, p. 3, row 29 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

A. Berche, J.C. Tedenac, P. Jund, Thermodynamic modeling of the germanium–manganese system, Intermetallics 47, 23-30 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2013.12.009

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}