Ge–Ti system

54 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 33, model 9, unspecified 12); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 2 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (9) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	33
model	9
unspecified	12

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	46
phase transition	6
formation	2

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	D. Liu, H. Yan, X. Yuan, Y. Chung, Y. Du, H. Xu, L. Liu, P. Nash, Thermochim. Acta, 521, 148-54(2011). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.017	`8e9ef8474ea28d1f6a9ba116189059091a9ac4d7c461a48419e855aec3c67f33`	viewer · TDB · JSON
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	O. Zobac, A. Kroupa, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 44, 115-26(2023). doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01028-0	`ecd81bb074f7659acc8f3a8e5fd9841fec8abeb4da6accb63d20ba6fa8be4037`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1939.17	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.46685) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1939.17	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.46684) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1939.17	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.46705) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1630.4	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.85909) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91179)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1630.4	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.85912) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91181)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1391.67	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.24872) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1391.67	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.24872) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1391.67	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.24864) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1196.78	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ti) 0.02257) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.09285) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1196.78	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ti) 0.02247) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.09222) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1166.57	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.9585) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95984)
GeTi-11Liu.tdb	1166.57	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.95881) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.96015)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1924.26	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.418) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.6104)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1924.26	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.4181) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.61043)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1878.4	GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE4TI5 (x(Ti) 0.55556) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.61075)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1878.4	GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE4TI5 (x(Ti) 0.55556) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.61074)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1878.4	GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545) + GE4TI5 (x(Ti) 0.55556) + GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.61075)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1632.34	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.87029) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91229)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1632.34	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.87046) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.91239)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1382.48	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.12591) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1382.48	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.12606) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1382.48	LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.12585) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333) + GE5TI6 (x(Ti) 0.54545)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1200.3	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ti) 0.00162) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.02605) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1200.3	DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ti) 0.00161) + LIQUID (x(Ti) 0.02593) + GE2TI_C54 (x(Ti) 0.33333)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1167.08	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.9579) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95881)
GeTi-23Zob.tdb	1167.08	GE3TI5_D88 (x(Ti) 0.625) + HCP_A3 (x(Ti) 0.95817) + BCC_A2 (x(Ti) 0.95909)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull GeTi-11Liu

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ge–Ti system (46)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location	Quote
2253	congruent melting: L -> Ti5Ge3	L: Ge 0.375; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375	unspecified	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 2 report
2253	congruent melting: L -> Ti5Ge3	L: Ge 0.375; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 1 report
1939	peritectic: L + Ti5Ge3 -> Ti6Ge5	L: Ge 0.533; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; Ti6Ge5: Ge 0.454	unspecified	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 4 report
1939	peritectic: L + Ge3Ti5 ↔ Ge5Ti6	L: Ti 0.466; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.545	unspecified	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 6 report
1923	peritectic: L + Ge3Ti5 ↔ Ge5Ti6	L: Ti 0.471; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.546	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 5 report
1923	peritectic: L + Ti5Ge3 -> Ti6Ge5	L: Ge 0.529; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; Ti6Ge5: Ge 0.454	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 3 report
1923	peritectic: L + Ge3Ti5 ↔ Ge5Ti6	L: Ti 0.472; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.605; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.545	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 7 report
1922.9	peritectic: L + Ge3Ti5 ↔ Ge5Ti6	L: Ti 0.418; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.61; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.5455	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 8 report
1900	peritectoid: Ge5Ti6 + Ge3Ti5 ↔ Ge4Ti5	Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.545; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.605; Ge4Ti5: Ti 0.56	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 9 report
1878	peritectoid: Ge5Ti6 + Ge3Ti5 ↔ Ge4Ti5	Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.5455; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.611; Ge4Ti5: Ti 0.5556	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 10 report
1703	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	L: Ge 0.118; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (βTi): Ge 0.0833	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Belousov 1976	Table 5, p. 6, row 6 report
1683	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (βTi): Ge 0.0932	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites McQuillan 1955	Table 5, p. 6, row 5 report
1633	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	L: Ge 0.134; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (βTi): Ge 0.0861	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Petersen 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 7 report
1633	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	L: Ge 0.149; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Yue 1970 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 8 report
1630	eutectic: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti)	L: Ti 0.859; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.637; (α-Ti): Ti 0.911	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 13 report
1630	eutectic: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti)	L: Ti 0.859; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; (α-Ti): Ti 0.914	unspecified	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 12 report
1630	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	L: Ge 0.141; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (βTi): Ge 0.0882	unspecified	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 11 report
1629.4	eutectic: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti)	L: Ti 0.87; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; (α-Ti): Ti 0.913	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 14 report
1627	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ti 0.625	experimental	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 10 report
1598	eutectic: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti)	L: Ti 0.851; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; (α-Ti): Ti 0.904	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 11 report
1598	eutectic: L -> Ti5Ge3 + (βTi)	L: Ge 0.149; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (βTi): Ge 0.0959	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 9 report
1392	peritectic: L + Ti6Ge5 -> TiGe2	L: Ge 0.751; Ti6Ge5: Ge 0.454; TiGe2: Ge 0.667	unspecified	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 14 report
1392	peritectic: L + Ge5Ti6 ↔ Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.248; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.545; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	unspecified	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 16 report
1388	peritectic: L + Ti6Ge5 -> TiGe2	Ti6Ge5: Ge 0.454545, Ti 0.545455; TiGe2: Ge 0.666667, Ti 0.333333	experimental	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 13 report
1383	peritectic: L + Ge5Ti6 ↔ Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.127; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.5455; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 17 report
1382.7	peritectic: L + Ge5Ti6 ↔ Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.15; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.546; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 18 report
1348	peritectic: L + Ge5Ti6 ↔ Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.178; Ge5Ti6: Ti 0.545; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 15 report
1348	peritectic: L + Ti6Ge5 -> TiGe2	L: Ge 0.822; Ti6Ge5: Ge 0.454; TiGe2: Ge 0.667	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 12 report
1203.5	eutectic: L ↔ (Ge) + Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.025; (Ge): Ti 0.001; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 21 report
1202	eutectic: L -> TiGe2 + (Ge)	TiGe2: Ge 0.666667, Ti 0.333333	experimental	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 16 report
1200.3	eutectic: L ↔ (Ge) + Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.026; (Ge): Ti 0.002; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 22 report
1197	eutectic: L -> TiGe2 + (Ge)	L: Ge 0.908; TiGe2: Ge 0.667; (Ge): Ge 0.978	unspecified	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 17 report
1197	eutectic: L ↔ (Ge) + Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.09; (Ge): Ti 0.021; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	unspecified	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 20 report
1197	eutectic: L ? (Ge) ? Ge2Ti		model	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	p. 8 report	The eutectic point for the L ? (Ge) ? Ge2Ti invariant reaction was assessed at 1197 K and 9.2 at.% Ti in.[1]
1178	peritectoid: (βTi) + Ti5Ge3 -> (αTi)	(βTi): Ge 0.0267; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Petersen 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 20 report
1173	eutectic: L -> TiGe2 + (Ge)	L: Ge 0.893; TiGe2: Ge 0.667; (Ge): Ge 0.962	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 15 report
1173	eutectic: L ↔ (Ge) + Ge2Ti	L: Ti 0.107; (Ge): Ti 0.038; Ge2Ti: Ti 0.333	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 19 report
1170	peritectoid: (βTi) + Ti5Ge3 -> (αTi)	(βTi): Ge 0.0359; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (αTi): Ge 0.0406	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites McQuillan 1955	Table 5, p. 6, row 18 report
1167.1	peritectoid: Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti) ↔ (β-Ti)	Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; (α-Ti): Ti 0.959; (β-Ti): Ti 0.958	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 26 report
1167	peritectoid: Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti) ↔ (β-Ti)	Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.633; (α-Ti): Ti 0.961; (β-Ti): Ti 0.961	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 25 report
1167	peritectoid: Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti) ↔ (β-Ti)	Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; (α-Ti): Ti 0.958; (β-Ti): Ti 0.96	unspecified	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 24 report
1167	peritectoid: (βTi) + Ti5Ge3 -> (αTi)	(βTi): Ge 0.0399; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (αTi): Ge 0.0412	unspecified	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 23 report
1166	peritectoid: (βTi) + Ti5Ge3 -> (αTi)	Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375, Ti 0.625	experimental	[1] Liu 2011	Table 5, p. 6, row 22 report
1133	peritectoid: (βTi) + Ti5Ge3 -> (αTi)	(βTi): Ge 0.0174; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (αTi): Ge 0.0221	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Belousov 1976	Table 5, p. 6, row 19 report
1133	peritectoid: Ge3Ti5 + (α-Ti) ↔ (β-Ti)	Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625; (α-Ti): Ti 0.964; (β-Ti): Ti 0.956	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 23 report
1133	peritectoid: (βTi) + Ti5Ge3 -> (αTi)	(βTi): Ge 0.0356; Ti5Ge3: Ge 0.375; (αTi): Ge 0.0438	experimental	[1] Liu 2011 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 21 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Ge–Ti system (2)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location	Quote
Ti5Ge3	Ge3Ti5	-70.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.5	298.15	experimental	-67.135 (mp-aaabgilz)	-70.401 (oqmd-30500)	[1] Liu 2011 cites Kleppa 1990	p. 3 report	The measured enthalpy of formation of Ti5 Ge3 at 298 K is -69,700 ± 2500 J/(mol atoms), which is in a good agreement with the result of Kleppa and Jung [10], -70,800 ± 2500 J/(mol atoms).
Ti5Ge3	Ge3Ti5	-69.7 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.5	298.15	experimental	-67.135 (mp-aaabgilz)	-70.401 (oqmd-30500)	[1] Liu 2011	p. 3 report	The measured enthalpy of formation of Ti5 Ge3 at 298 K is -69,700 ± 2500 J/(mol atoms), which is in a good agreement with the result of Kleppa and Jung [10], -70,800 ± 2500 J/(mol atoms).

Other properties

Phase transition (6)

Phase transition, Ge–Ti system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	1203.5 K	1203.5	L + (Ge) + Ge2Ti	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	p. 8 report	The new experimental data of Bittner et al.[2] define the parameters of this reaction to be 1203.5 K and 2.5 at.% Ti.
Phase transition	2253 K	2253	congruent melting: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 L: Ti 0.625; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Bittner 2013 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 3 report
Phase transition	2253 K	2253	congruent melting: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 L: Ti 0.625; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625	unspecified	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Liu 2011 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 2 report
Phase transition	2253 K	2253	congruent melting: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 L: Ti 0.625; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625	experimental	[2] Zobač 2023 cites Rudometkina 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 1 report
Phase transition	2253 K	2253	congruent transformation	model	[2] Zobač 2023	p. 2 report	The Ge3Ti5 phase which melts congruently at 2253 K was formerly described as a stoichiometric phase[1] but Bittner et al.[2] found that the Ge3Ti5 phase shows solubility region between 37 and 40% Ge.
Phase transition	2254 K	2254	congruent melting: L ↔ Ge3Ti5 L: Ti 0.625; Ge3Ti5: Ti 0.625	model	[2] Zobač 2023	Table 2, p. 3, row 4 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Dandan Liu, Huanli Yan, Xiaoming Yuan, Yoonsung Chung, Yong Du, Honghui Xu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge–Ti system supported by key experiment, Thermochimica Acta 521, 148-154 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.017
Ondřej Zobač, Aleš Kroupa, CALPHAD-Based Thermodynamic Description of the Binary Phase Diagram Ge-Ti, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. (2023). doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01028-0

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}