Mn system

63 accepted literature values from 14 paper(s) (experimental 6, model 35, DFT 7, unspecified 15); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

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Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	6
model	35
DFT	7
unspecified	15

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	10
phase transition	15
formation	4
crystal structure	34

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Mn system (10)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1519.15	congruent melting: L -> δMn	L: Mn 1; δMn: Mn 1	model	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table I, p. 3, row 7 report
1411.15	polymorphic: δMn -> γMn	δMn: Mn 1	model	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table I, p. 3, row 8 report
1410.95	(δMn) ↔ (γMn), Liquid	(δMn): Mn 0.999; (γMn): Mn 0.867; Liquid: Mn 0.999	model	[2] Wang 2012	Table 2, p. 4, row 2 report
1389	δMn -> βMn + γMn	δMn: Mn 0.9973; βMn: Mn 0.9958; γMn: Mn 0.9998	model	[3] Zhou 2012	Table 5, p. 8, row 11 report
1383	δMn -> βMn + γMn	δMn: Mn 0.995; βMn: Mn 0.983; γMn: Mn 0.997	model	[3] Zhou 2012 cites Okamoto 1995 doi	Table 5, p. 8, row 12 report
1373.15	polymorphic: γMn -> βMn	γMn: Mn 1; βMn: Mn 1	model	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table I, p. 3, row 9 report
1346	peritectoid: δMn + γMn -> βMn	δMn: Mn 0.8918; γMn: Mn 0.9067; βMn: Mn 0.8981	model	[4] Liu 1999	Table 3, p. 8, row 46 report
1344	peritectoid: δMn + γMn -> βMn	δMn: Mn 0.879; γMn: Mn 0.909; βMn: Mn 0.9	model	[4] Liu 1999 cites McAlster 1990	Table 3, p. 8, row 48 report
1331	peritectoid: δMn + γMn -> βMn	δMn: Mn 0.9029; γMn: Mn 0.913; βMn: Mn 0.9097	model	[4] Liu 1999 cites Jansson 1992 doi	Table 3, p. 8, row 47 report
1000.15	polymorphic: βMn -> αMn	βMn: Mn 1; αMn: Mn 1	model	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table I, p. 3, row 10 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Mn system (4)
Phase	Value	T (K)	Class	Source	Location
C14 Laves Mn2Mn	7.826 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT	[5] Zheng 2022 cites Khan 2016 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 20 report
C14 Laves Mn2Mn	7.826 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	[5] Zheng 2022 cites Khan 2016 doi	Table 4, p. 6, row 22 report
C14 Laves Mn2Mn	10.125 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	[5] Zheng 2022	Table 4, p. 6, row 21 report
C14 Laves Mn2Mn	10.125 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT	[5] Zheng 2022	Table 4, p. 6, row 19 report

Other properties

Phase transition (15)

Phase transition, Mn system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	95 K	95	magnetic	experimental	[6] Huang 1989	p. 2 report	The a-Mn is antiferromagnetic with TN= 95 K.
Phase transition	980 K	980	alpha-Mn + beta-Mn	experimental	[7] Grundy 2003 cites Fernandez 1990	p. 1 report	Manganese exists in four modifications: ␣-Mn (up to 980 K), ␤-Mn (up to 1360 K), ␥-Mn (up to 1411 K), and ␦-Mn (up to the melting temperature of 1519 K).
Phase transition	980 K	980	polymorphic: β-Mn -> α-Mn β-Mn: Mn 1; α-Mn: Mn 1	model	[8] Jansson 1992	Table I, p. 3, row 17 report
Phase transition	1323 K	1323	congruent transformation: δMn -> γMn δMn: Mn 0.9505; γMn: Mn 0.9505	model	[4] Liu 1999	Table 3, p. 9, row 6 report
Phase transition	1327 K	1327	congruent transformation: δMn -> γMn δMn: Mn 0.9425; γMn: Mn 0.9425	model	[4] Liu 1999 cites Jansson 1992 doi	Table 3, p. 9, row 7 report
Phase transition	1328 K	1328	congruent transformation: δMn -> γMn δMn: Mn 0.94; γMn: Mn 0.94	model	[4] Liu 1999 cites McAlster 1990	Table 3, p. 9, row 8 report
Phase transition	1360 K	1360	beta-Mn + gamma-Mn	experimental	[7] Grundy 2003 cites Fernandez 1990	p. 1 report	Manganese exists in four modifications: ␣-Mn (up to 980 K), ␤-Mn (up to 1360 K), ␥-Mn (up to 1411 K), and ␦-Mn (up to the melting temperature of 1519 K).
Phase transition	1360 K	1360	congruent transformation: Fcc -> β-Mn Fcc: Mn 1; β-Mn: Mn 1	model	[8] Jansson 1992	Table I, p. 3, row 16 report
Phase transition	1360.15 K	1360.15	polymorphic: γMn -> βMn γMn: ; βMn:	model	[9] Wang 2009	Table 5, p. 5, row 4 report
Phase transition	1373.15 K	1373.15	polymorphic: γMn -> βMn γMn: ; βMn:	experimental	[9] Wang 2009 cites Massalski 1990	Table 5, p. 5, row 3 report
Phase transition	1405.15 K	1405.15	polymorphic: δMn -> γMn δMn:	model	[9] Wang 2009	Table 5, p. 5, row 2 report
Phase transition	1411 K	1411	gamma-Mn + delta-Mn	experimental	[7] Grundy 2003 cites Fernandez 1990	p. 1 report	Manganese exists in four modifications: ␣-Mn (up to 980 K), ␤-Mn (up to 1360 K), ␥-Mn (up to 1411 K), and ␦-Mn (up to the melting temperature of 1519 K).
Phase transition	1411 K	1411	polymorphic: Bcc -> fcc Bcc: Mn 1; fcc: Mn 1	model	[8] Jansson 1992	Table I, p. 3, row 15 report
Phase transition	1411.15 K	1411.15	polymorphic: δMn -> γMn δMn:	experimental	[9] Wang 2009 cites Massalski 1990	Table 5, p. 5, row 1 report
Phase transition	1519 K	1519	congruent melting: Liquid -> bcc L: Mn 1; bcc: Mn 1	model	[8] Jansson 1992	Table I, p. 3, row 14 report

Crystal structure (34)

Crystal structure, Mn system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	3.502 Å		(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[10] Liu 2012 cites Wang 2004 doi	Table 5, p. 9, row 4 report
Lattice a	3.496 Å		(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[10] Liu 2012	Table 5, p. 9, row 3 report
Lattice a	3.55 Å		(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[10] Liu 2012	Table 5, p. 9, row 5 report
Lattice a	4.547 Å	0	C14 alloy: Mn 1	DFT	[10] Liu 2012	Table 4, p. 8, row 7 report
Lattice a	8.9139 Å	298.15	(αMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[11] Sun 2010 cites Liao 1986 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 5 report
Lattice a	8.9219 Å	298.15	(αMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[12] Qin 2014 cites King 1981	Table 2, p. 3, row 5 report
Lattice a	8.914 Å	298.15	(αMn) alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[13] Long 2018 cites Berche 2014 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
Lattice a	6.314 Å	298.15	(βMn) alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[13] Long 2018 cites Berche 2014 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
Lattice a	6.3152 Å	298.15	(βMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[12] Qin 2014 cites Gokcen 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 6 report
Lattice a	6.3152 Å	298.15	(βMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[11] Sun 2010 cites Liao 1986 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 4 report
Lattice a	3.8624 Å	298.15	(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[11] Sun 2010 cites Liao 1986 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice a	5.72 Å	298.15	(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[13] Long 2018 cites Berche 2014 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
Lattice a	3.86 Å	298.15	(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[12] Qin 2014 cites Gokcen 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 7 report
Lattice a	3.08 Å	298.15	(δMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[12] Qin 2014 cites Gokcen 1989 doi	Table 2, p. 3, row 8 report
Lattice a	3.0806 Å	298.15	(δMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[11] Sun 2010 cites Liao 1986 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice a	8.9219 Å	298.15	αMn αMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 9 report
Lattice a	6.3152 Å	298.15	βMn βMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 10 report
Lattice a	3.86624 Å	298.15	γMn γMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 11 report
Lattice a	3.0806 Å	298.15	δMn δMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 12 report
Lattice a	8.913 Å	727 (<)	(αMn) alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[14] Brož 2024	Table 1, p. 3, row 12 report
Lattice a	6.315 Å	913.5	(βMn) alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[14] Brož 2024	Table 1, p. 3, row 13 report
Lattice a	3.86 Å	1119	UNKNOWN alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[14] Brož 2024	Table 1, p. 3, row 14 report
Lattice a	3.08 Å	1192	(δMn) alloy: Mn 1	unspecified	[14] Brož 2024	Table 1, p. 3, row 15 report
Lattice c	7.358 Å	0	C14 alloy: Mn 1	DFT	[10] Liu 2012	Table 4, p. 8, row 7 report
Lattice c	7.357 Å	0	C14 alloy: Mn 1	DFT	[10] Liu 2012	Table 4, p. 8, row 9 report
lattice unspecified axis	8.9219 Å	298.15	αMn αMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 9 report
lattice unspecified axis	6.3152 Å	298.15	βMn βMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 10 report
lattice unspecified axis	3.86624 Å	298.15	γMn γMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 11 report
lattice unspecified axis	3.0806 Å	298.15	δMn δMn: Mn 1	unspecified	[1] Karakaya 1990	Table 3, p. 5, row 12 report
lattice v0	43 Å3		(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[10] Liu 2012 cites Wang 2004 doi	Table 5, p. 9, row 4 report
lattice v0	42.7 Å3		(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[10] Liu 2012	Table 5, p. 9, row 3 report
lattice v0	44.7 Å3		(γMn) alloy: Mn 1	model	[10] Liu 2012	Table 5, p. 9, row 5 report
lattice v0	131.7 Å3 per formula unit	0	C14 alloy: Mn 1	DFT	[10] Liu 2012	Table 4, p. 8, row 7 report
lattice v0	131.7 Å3	0	C14 alloy: Mn 1	DFT	[10] Liu 2012	Table 4, p. 8, row 7 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

I. Karakaya, W. T. Thompson, The Ag-Mn (Silver-Manganese) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 11, 480-486 (1990). doi:10.1007/bf02898263
Y. Wang, B. Hu, S. Liu, Y. Du, Thermodynamic reassessment of the La-Mn system, J min metall B Metall 48, 391-394 (2012). doi:10.2298/jmmb120717049w
Peng Zhou, Shuhong Liu, Peisheng Wang, Honghui Xu, Yingbiao Peng, Xiaoming Yuan et al., Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Assessment of the Hf-Mn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 33, 20-28 (2012). doi:10.1007/s11669-011-9976-9
X. J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Aluminum-Manganese (Al-Mn) binary phase diagram, JPE 20, 45-56 (1999). doi:10.1361/105497199770335938
Weisen Zheng, Wei Song, Tong Wu, Jingya Wang, Yanlin He, Xiao-Gang Lu, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the ternary Ti–Fe–Mn system for hydrogen storage applications, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 891, 161957 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161957
Weiming Huang, An Assessment of the Co-Mn System, Calphad 13, 231-242 (1989). doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90003-5
A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6
Åke Jansson, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Al-Mn system, Metall Trans A 23, 2953-2962 (1992). doi:10.1007/bf02646113
C.P. Wang, Z. Lin, X.J. Liu, Thermodynamic assessments of the Dy–Mn and Mn–Pr systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 469, 123-128 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.092
Shuhong Liu, Bengt Hallstedt, Denis Music, Yong Du, Ab initio calculations and thermodynamic modeling for the Fe–Mn–Nb system, Calphad 38, 43-58 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.03.004
Weihua Sun, Yong Du, Shuhong Liu, Baiyun Huang, Chao Jiang, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Mn-B System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 357-364 (2010). doi:10.1007/s11669-010-9740-6
Aning Qin, Rong Wang, Yaru Wang, Jiong Wang, Shuhong Liu, Kaiming Cheng et al., Thermodynamic assessment of the Cd–X (X=Sn, Mn, Fe) systems, Calphad 47, 83-91 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.06.006
Zhaohui Long, Xiaorong Dai, Zhi Li, Fucheng Yin, Zhanpeng Jin, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic description of the Li–Si–Mn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 768, 686-696 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.211
Pavel Brož, Xinlin Yan, Vitaliy Romaka, Olga Fabrichnaya, Mario J. Kriegel, Vilma Buršíková et al., Constitution, physical properties and thermodynamic modeling of the Hf-Mn system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 976, 173060 (2024). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.173060

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}